Associations of Supermarket Characteristics with Weight Status and Body Fat: A Multilevel Analysis of Individuals within Supermarkets (RECORD Study)
Identifieur interne : 002858 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002857; suivant : 002859Associations of Supermarket Characteristics with Weight Status and Body Fat: A Multilevel Analysis of Individuals within Supermarkets (RECORD Study)
Auteurs : Basile Chaix [France] ; Kathy Bean [France] ; Mark Daniel [Australie] ; Shannon N. Zenk [États-Unis] ; Yan Kestens [Canada] ; Hélène Charreire [France] ; Cinira Leal [France] ; Frédérique Thomas [France] ; Noëlla Karusisi [France] ; Christiane Weber [France] ; Jean-Michel Oppert [France] ; Chantal Simon [France] ; Juan Merlo [Suède] ; Bruno Pannier [France]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Previous research on the influence of the food environment on weight status has often used impersonal measures of the food environment defined for residential neighborhoods, which ignore whether people actually use the food outlets near their residence. To assess whether supermarkets are relevant contexts for interventions, the present study explored between-residential neighborhood and between-supermarket variations in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and investigated associations between brands and characteristics of supermarkets and BMI or WC, after adjustment for individual and residential neighborhood characteristics.
Participants in the RECORD Cohort Study (Paris Region, France, 2007–2008) were surveyed on the supermarket (brand and exact location) where they conducted their food shopping. Overall, 7 131 participants shopped in 1 097 different supermarkets. Cross-classified multilevel linear models were estimated for BMI and WC.
Just 11.4% of participants shopped for food primarily within their residential neighborhood. After accounting for participants' residential neighborhood, people shopping in the same supermarket had a more comparable BMI and WC than participants shopping in different supermarkets. After adjustment for individual and residential neighborhood characteristics, participants shopping in specific supermarket brands, in hard discount supermarkets (especially if they had a low education), and in supermarkets whose catchment area comprised low educated residents had a higher BMI/WC.
A public health strategy to reduce excess weight may be to intervene on specific supermarkets to change food purchasing behavior, as supermarkets are where dietary preferences are materialized into definite purchased foods.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032908
PubMed: 22496738
PubMed Central: 3319546
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Supermarkets (RECORD Study)</title><author><name sortKey="Chaix, Basile" sort="Chaix, Basile" uniqKey="Chaix B" first="Basile" last="Chaix">Basile Chaix</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Inserm, U707, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm, U707, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR-S 707, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR-S 707, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bean, Kathy" sort="Bean, Kathy" uniqKey="Bean K" first="Kathy" last="Bean">Kathy Bean</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Centre d'Investigations Préventives et Cliniques, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre d'Investigations Préventives et Cliniques, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daniel, Mark" sort="Daniel, Mark" uniqKey="Daniel M" first="Mark" last="Daniel">Mark Daniel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Social Epidemiology and Evaluation Research Unit, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Social Epidemiology and Evaluation Research Unit, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy Victoria, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy Victoria</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zenk, Shannon N" sort="Zenk, Shannon N" uniqKey="Zenk S" first="Shannon N." last="Zenk">Shannon N. Zenk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Department of Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kestens, Yan" sort="Kestens, Yan" uniqKey="Kestens Y" first="Yan" last="Kestens">Yan Kestens</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Social and Preventive Medicine Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Social and Preventive Medicine Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Charreire, Helene" sort="Charreire, Helene" uniqKey="Charreire H" first="Hélène" last="Charreire">Hélène Charreire</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Université Paris-Est, Lab'Urba - Institut d'Urbanisme de Paris, Créteil, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris-Est, Lab'Urba - Institut d'Urbanisme de Paris, Créteil</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leal, Cinira" sort="Leal, Cinira" uniqKey="Leal C" first="Cinira" last="Leal">Cinira Leal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Inserm, U707, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm, U707, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR-S 707, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR-S 707, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Frederique" sort="Thomas, Frederique" uniqKey="Thomas F" first="Frédérique" last="Thomas">Frédérique Thomas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Centre d'Investigations Préventives et Cliniques, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre d'Investigations Préventives et Cliniques, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karusisi, Noella" sort="Karusisi, Noella" uniqKey="Karusisi N" first="Noëlla" last="Karusisi">Noëlla Karusisi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Inserm, U707, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm, U707, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR-S 707, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR-S 707, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weber, Christiane" sort="Weber, Christiane" uniqKey="Weber C" first="Christiane" last="Weber">Christiane Weber</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>ERL7230 CNRS Image, Ville, Environnement, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>ERL7230 CNRS Image, Ville, Environnement, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oppert, Jean Michel" sort="Oppert, Jean Michel" uniqKey="Oppert J" first="Jean-Michel" last="Oppert">Jean-Michel Oppert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Inserm U557, Inra U1125, CNAM, EA3200, University Paris13, Bobigny, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm U557, Inra U1125, CNAM, EA3200, University Paris13, Bobigny</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital (AP-HP), CNRH IdF, University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Nutrition, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital (AP-HP), CNRH IdF, University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simon, Chantal" sort="Simon, Chantal" uniqKey="Simon C" first="Chantal" last="Simon">Chantal Simon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13"><addr-line>Lyon University, Inserm U870, Inra U1235, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Pierre Bénite, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Lyon University, Inserm U870, Inra U1235, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Pierre Bénite</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Merlo, Juan" sort="Merlo, Juan" uniqKey="Merlo J" first="Juan" last="Merlo">Juan Merlo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Unit for Social Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Unit for Social Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pannier, Bruno" sort="Pannier, Bruno" uniqKey="Pannier B" first="Bruno" last="Pannier">Bruno Pannier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Centre d'Investigations Préventives et Cliniques, Paris, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre d'Investigations Préventives et Cliniques, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Previous research on the influence of the food environment on weight status has often used impersonal measures of the food environment defined for residential neighborhoods, which ignore whether people actually use the food outlets near their residence. To assess whether supermarkets are relevant contexts for interventions, the present study explored between-residential neighborhood and between-supermarket variations in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and investigated associations between brands and characteristics of supermarkets and BMI or WC, after adjustment for individual and residential neighborhood characteristics.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Participants in the RECORD Cohort Study (Paris Region, France, 2007–2008) were surveyed on the supermarket (brand and exact location) where they conducted their food shopping. Overall, 7 131 participants shopped in 1 097 different supermarkets. Cross-classified multilevel linear models were estimated for BMI and WC.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Just 11.4% of participants shopped for food primarily within their residential neighborhood. After accounting for participants' residential neighborhood, people shopping in the same supermarket had a more comparable BMI and WC than participants shopping in different supermarkets. After adjustment for individual and residential neighborhood characteristics, participants shopping in specific supermarket brands, in hard discount supermarkets (especially if they had a low education), and in supermarkets whose catchment area comprised low educated residents had a higher BMI/WC.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>A public health strategy to reduce excess weight may be to intervene on specific supermarkets to change food purchasing behavior, as supermarkets are where dietary preferences are materialized into definite purchased foods.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leal, C" uniqKey="Leal C">C Leal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaix, B" uniqKey="Chaix B">B Chaix</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mckinnon, Ra" uniqKey="Mckinnon R">RA McKinnon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reedy, J" uniqKey="Reedy J">J Reedy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morrissette, Ma" uniqKey="Morrissette M">MA Morrissette</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lytle, La" uniqKey="Lytle L">LA Lytle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yaroch, Al" uniqKey="Yaroch A">AL Yaroch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Glanz, K" uniqKey="Glanz K">K Glanz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lytle, La" uniqKey="Lytle L">LA Lytle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mehta, Nk" uniqKey="Mehta N">NK Mehta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Vw" uniqKey="Chang V">VW Chang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, F" uniqKey="Li F">F Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harmer, P" uniqKey="Harmer P">P Harmer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cardinal, Bj" uniqKey="Cardinal B">BJ Cardinal</name></author><author><name 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article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22496738</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3319546</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-11-12082</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0032908</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Population Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Epidemiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Epidemiology</subject></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Non-Clinical Medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Nutrition</subject></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Public Health</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Social and Behavioral Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Economics</subject><subj-group><subject>Human Capital</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Associations of Supermarket Characteristics with Weight Status and Body Fat: A Multilevel Analysis of Individuals within Supermarkets (RECORD Study)</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Supermarkets and Weight Status and Abdominal Fat</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chaix</surname><given-names>Basile</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>¤</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bean</surname><given-names>Kathy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Daniel</surname><given-names>Mark</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zenk</surname><given-names>Shannon N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kestens</surname><given-names>Yan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Charreire</surname><given-names>Hélène</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leal</surname><given-names>Cinira</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thomas</surname><given-names>Frédérique</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Karusisi</surname><given-names>Noëlla</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weber</surname><given-names>Christiane</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oppert</surname><given-names>Jean-Michel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>11</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>12</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Simon</surname><given-names>Chantal</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>13</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Merlo</surname><given-names>Juan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>14</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pannier</surname><given-names>Bruno</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Inserm, U707, Paris, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR-S 707, Paris, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Centre d'Investigations Préventives et Cliniques, Paris, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><addr-line>Social Epidemiology and Evaluation Research Unit, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><addr-line>Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy Victoria, Australia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label><addr-line>Department of Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label><addr-line>Social and Preventive Medicine Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label><addr-line>Université Paris-Est, Lab'Urba - Institut d'Urbanisme de Paris, Créteil, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff9"><label>9</label><addr-line>EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff10"><label>10</label><addr-line>ERL7230 CNRS Image, Ville, Environnement, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff11"><label>11</label><addr-line>Inserm U557, Inra U1125, CNAM, EA3200, University Paris13, Bobigny, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff12"><label>12</label><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital (AP-HP), CNRH IdF, University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff13"><label>13</label><addr-line>Lyon University, Inserm U870, Inra U1235, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Pierre Bénite, France</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff14"><label>14</label><addr-line>Unit for Social Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Stanojevic</surname><given-names>Sanja</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1">Hospital for Sick Children, Canada</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>chaix@u707.jussieu.fr</email></corresp><fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: BC FT KB BP. Analyzed the data: BC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KB MD SNZ YK HC CL FT NK CW JMO CS JM BP. Wrote the paper: BC.</p></fn><fn id="fn1" fn-type="current-aff"><label>¤</label><p>Current address: UMR-S 707, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, Paris, France</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>4</day><month>4</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>e32908</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>6</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>7</day><month>2</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Chaix et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Previous research on the influence of the food environment on weight status has often used impersonal measures of the food environment defined for residential neighborhoods, which ignore whether people actually use the food outlets near their residence. To assess whether supermarkets are relevant contexts for interventions, the present study explored between-residential neighborhood and between-supermarket variations in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and investigated associations between brands and characteristics of supermarkets and BMI or WC, after adjustment for individual and residential neighborhood characteristics.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Participants in the RECORD Cohort Study (Paris Region, France, 2007–2008) were surveyed on the supermarket (brand and exact location) where they conducted their food shopping. Overall, 7 131 participants shopped in 1 097 different supermarkets. Cross-classified multilevel linear models were estimated for BMI and WC.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Just 11.4% of participants shopped for food primarily within their residential neighborhood. After accounting for participants' residential neighborhood, people shopping in the same supermarket had a more comparable BMI and WC than participants shopping in different supermarkets. After adjustment for individual and residential neighborhood characteristics, participants shopping in specific supermarket brands, in hard discount supermarkets (especially if they had a low education), and in supermarkets whose catchment area comprised low educated residents had a higher BMI/WC.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>A public health strategy to reduce excess weight may be to intervene on specific supermarkets to change food purchasing behavior, as supermarkets are where dietary preferences are materialized into definite purchased foods.</p></sec></abstract><counts><page-count count="10"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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