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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A class-wide phylogenetic assessment of <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Schoch, C L" sort="Schoch, C L" uniqKey="Schoch C" first="C. L." last="Schoch">C. L. Schoch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><italic>National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6510, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, P W" sort="Crous, P W" uniqKey="Crous P" first="P. W." last="Crous">P. W. Crous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groenewald, J Z" sort="Groenewald, J Z" uniqKey="Groenewald J" first="J. Z." last="Groenewald">J. Z. Groenewald</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehm, E W A" sort="Boehm, E W A" uniqKey="Boehm E" first="E. W. A." last="Boehm">E. W. A. Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><italic>Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, 1000 Morris Ave., Union, New Jersey 07083, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burgess, T I" sort="Burgess, T I" uniqKey="Burgess T" first="T. I." last="Burgess">T. I. Burgess</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><italic>Biological Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Gruyter, J" sort="De Gruyter, J" uniqKey="De Gruyter J" first="J." last="De Gruyter">J. De Gruyter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><italic>Plant Protection Service, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Hoog, G S" sort="De Hoog, G S" uniqKey="De Hoog G" first="G. S." last="De Hoog">G. S. De Hoog</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dixon, L J" sort="Dixon, L J" uniqKey="Dixon L" first="L. J." last="Dixon">L. J. Dixon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><italic>USDA-ARS Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grube, M" sort="Grube, M" uniqKey="Grube M" first="M." last="Grube">M. Grube</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><italic>Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Austria</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gueidan, C" sort="Gueidan, C" uniqKey="Gueidan C" first="C." last="Gueidan">C. Gueidan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harada, Y" sort="Harada, Y" uniqKey="Harada Y" first="Y." last="Harada">Y. Harada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><italic>Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hatakeyama, S" sort="Hatakeyama, S" uniqKey="Hatakeyama S" first="S." last="Hatakeyama">S. Hatakeyama</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><italic>Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirayama, K" sort="Hirayama, K" uniqKey="Hirayama K" first="K." last="Hirayama">K. Hirayama</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><italic>Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hosoya, T" sort="Hosoya, T" uniqKey="Hosoya T" first="T." last="Hosoya">T. Hosoya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"><italic>National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huhndorf, S M" sort="Huhndorf, S M" uniqKey="Huhndorf S" first="S. M." last="Huhndorf">S. M. Huhndorf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hyde, K D" sort="Hyde, K D" uniqKey="Hyde K" first="K. D." last="Hyde">K. D. Hyde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"><italic>School 17 of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33"><italic>International Fungal Research Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, E B G" sort="Jones, E B G" uniqKey="Jones E" first="E. B. G." last="Jones">E. B. G. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><italic>Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kohlmeyer, J" sort="Kohlmeyer, J" uniqKey="Kohlmeyer J" first="J." last="Kohlmeyer">J. Kohlmeyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><italic>Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kruys, " sort="Kruys, " uniqKey="Kruys " first="" last="Kruys"> Kruys</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"><italic>Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Y M" sort="Li, Y M" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Y. M." last="Li">Y. M. Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33"><italic>International Fungal Research Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lucking, R" sort="Lucking, R" uniqKey="Lucking R" first="R." last="Lücking">R. Lücking</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lumbsch, H T" sort="Lumbsch, H T" uniqKey="Lumbsch H" first="H. T." last="Lumbsch">H. T. Lumbsch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marvanova, L" sort="Marvanova, L" uniqKey="Marvanova L" first="L." last="Marvanová">L. Marvanová</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"><italic>Czech Collection of Mircroorganisms, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Tvrdého 14, Brno CZ-602 00, Czech Republic</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mbatchou, J S" sort="Mbatchou, J S" uniqKey="Mbatchou J" first="J. S." last="Mbatchou">J. S. Mbatchou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"><italic>College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, DePaul University, 1 E. Jackson Street, Chicago, Illinois 60604, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcvay, A H" sort="Mcvay, A H" uniqKey="Mcvay A" first="A. H." last="Mcvay">A. H. Mcvay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><italic>Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, A N" sort="Miller, A N" uniqKey="Miller A" first="A. N." last="Miller">A. N. Miller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18"><italic>Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 South Oak St., Champaign, IL, 61820, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mugambi, G K" sort="Mugambi, G K" uniqKey="Mugambi G" first="G. K." last="Mugambi">G. K. Mugambi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"><italic>National Museums of Kenya, Botany Dept., P.O. Box 45166, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"><italic>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street (MC 066), Chicago, Illinois 60607, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muggia, L" sort="Muggia, L" uniqKey="Muggia L" first="L." last="Muggia">L. Muggia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><italic>Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Austria</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelsen, M P" sort="Nelsen, M P" uniqKey="Nelsen M" first="M. P." last="Nelsen">M. P. Nelsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"><italic>Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57<sup>th</sup> Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, P" sort="Nelson, P" uniqKey="Nelson P" first="P." last="Nelson">P. Nelson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21"><italic>University of Minnesota, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, 100 Ecology Building, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Owensby, C A" sort="Owensby, C A" uniqKey="Owensby C" first="C A." last="Owensby">C A. Owensby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><italic>Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, A J L" sort="Phillips, A J L" uniqKey="Phillips A" first="A. J. L." last="Phillips">A. J. L. Phillips</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22"><italic>Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phongpaichit, S" sort="Phongpaichit, S" uniqKey="Phongpaichit S" first="S." last="Phongpaichit">S. Phongpaichit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><italic>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pointing, S B" sort="Pointing, S B" uniqKey="Pointing S" first="S. B." last="Pointing">S. B. Pointing</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"><italic>Division of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pujade Renaud, V" sort="Pujade Renaud, V" uniqKey="Pujade Renaud V" first="V." last="Pujade-Renaud">V. Pujade-Renaud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"><italic>CIRAD/PIAF, Université Blaise Pascal, Bâtiment Biologie Végétale Recherche, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 80026, 63177 Aubière, France</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raja, H A" sort="Raja, H A" uniqKey="Raja H" first="H. A." last="Raja">H. A. Raja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><italic>Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plata, E Rivas" sort="Plata, E Rivas" uniqKey="Plata E" first="E. Rivas" last="Plata">E. Rivas Plata</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"><italic>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street (MC 066), Chicago, Illinois 60607, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robbertse, B" sort="Robbertse, B" uniqKey="Robbertse B" first="B." last="Robbertse">B. Robbertse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><italic>National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6510, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruibal, C" sort="Ruibal, C" uniqKey="Ruibal C" first="C." last="Ruibal">C. Ruibal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28"><italic>Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sakayaroj, J" sort="Sakayaroj, J" uniqKey="Sakayaroj J" first="J." last="Sakayaroj">J. Sakayaroj</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><italic>Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sano, T" sort="Sano, T" uniqKey="Sano T" first="T." last="Sano">T. Sano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><italic>Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Selbmann, L" sort="Selbmann, L" uniqKey="Selbmann L" first="L." last="Selbmann">L. Selbmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29"><italic>DECOS, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, Viterbo, Italy</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shearer, C A" sort="Shearer, C A" uniqKey="Shearer C" first="C. A." last="Shearer">C. A. Shearer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><italic>Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shirouzu, T" sort="Shirouzu, T" uniqKey="Shirouzu T" first="T." last="Shirouzu">T. Shirouzu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><italic>Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Tottori University, Minami 4-101, Koyama, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553 Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slippers, B" sort="Slippers, B" uniqKey="Slippers B" first="B." last="Slippers">B. Slippers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff31"><italic>Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suetrong, S" sort="Suetrong, S" uniqKey="Suetrong S" first="S." last="Suetrong">S. Suetrong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><italic>Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><italic>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, K" sort="Tanaka, K" uniqKey="Tanaka K" first="K." last="Tanaka">K. Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><italic>Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volkmann Kohlmeyer, B" sort="Volkmann Kohlmeyer, B" uniqKey="Volkmann Kohlmeyer B" first="B." last="Volkmann-Kohlmeyer">B. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><italic>Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wingfield, M J" sort="Wingfield, M J" uniqKey="Wingfield M" first="M. J." last="Wingfield">M. J. Wingfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff31"><italic>Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, A R" sort="Wood, A R" uniqKey="Wood A" first="A. R." last="Wood">A. R. Wood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff32"><italic>ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woudenberg, J H C" sort="Woudenberg, J H C" uniqKey="Woudenberg J" first="J. H. C." last="Woudenberg">J. H. C. Woudenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yonezawa, H" sort="Yonezawa, H" uniqKey="Yonezawa H" first="H." last="Yonezawa">H. Yonezawa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><italic>Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" sort="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Y." last="Zhang">Y. Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"><italic>Division of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spatafora, J W" sort="Spatafora, J W" uniqKey="Spatafora J" first="J. W." last="Spatafora">J. W. Spatafora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><italic>Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20169021</idno><idno type="pmc">2816964</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816964</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2816964</idno><idno type="doi">10.3114/sim.2009.64.01</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002D30</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002D30</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A class-wide phylogenetic assessment of <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Schoch, C L" sort="Schoch, C L" uniqKey="Schoch C" first="C. L." last="Schoch">C. L. Schoch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><italic>National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6510, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crous, P W" sort="Crous, P W" uniqKey="Crous P" first="P. W." last="Crous">P. W. Crous</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groenewald, J Z" sort="Groenewald, J Z" uniqKey="Groenewald J" first="J. Z." last="Groenewald">J. Z. Groenewald</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boehm, E W A" sort="Boehm, E W A" uniqKey="Boehm E" first="E. W. A." last="Boehm">E. W. A. Boehm</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><italic>Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, 1000 Morris Ave., Union, New Jersey 07083, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burgess, T I" sort="Burgess, T I" uniqKey="Burgess T" first="T. I." last="Burgess">T. I. Burgess</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><italic>Biological Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Gruyter, J" sort="De Gruyter, J" uniqKey="De Gruyter J" first="J." last="De Gruyter">J. De Gruyter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><italic>Plant Protection Service, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Hoog, G S" sort="De Hoog, G S" uniqKey="De Hoog G" first="G. S." last="De Hoog">G. S. De Hoog</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dixon, L J" sort="Dixon, L J" uniqKey="Dixon L" first="L. J." last="Dixon">L. J. Dixon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><italic>USDA-ARS Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grube, M" sort="Grube, M" uniqKey="Grube M" first="M." last="Grube">M. Grube</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><italic>Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Austria</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gueidan, C" sort="Gueidan, C" uniqKey="Gueidan C" first="C." last="Gueidan">C. Gueidan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harada, Y" sort="Harada, Y" uniqKey="Harada Y" first="Y." last="Harada">Y. Harada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><italic>Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hatakeyama, S" sort="Hatakeyama, S" uniqKey="Hatakeyama S" first="S." last="Hatakeyama">S. Hatakeyama</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><italic>Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirayama, K" sort="Hirayama, K" uniqKey="Hirayama K" first="K." last="Hirayama">K. Hirayama</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><italic>Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hosoya, T" sort="Hosoya, T" uniqKey="Hosoya T" first="T." last="Hosoya">T. Hosoya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"><italic>National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huhndorf, S M" sort="Huhndorf, S M" uniqKey="Huhndorf S" first="S. M." last="Huhndorf">S. M. Huhndorf</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hyde, K D" sort="Hyde, K D" uniqKey="Hyde K" first="K. D." last="Hyde">K. D. Hyde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"><italic>School 17 of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33"><italic>International Fungal Research Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, E B G" sort="Jones, E B G" uniqKey="Jones E" first="E. B. G." last="Jones">E. B. G. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><italic>Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kohlmeyer, J" sort="Kohlmeyer, J" uniqKey="Kohlmeyer J" first="J." last="Kohlmeyer">J. Kohlmeyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><italic>Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kruys, " sort="Kruys, " uniqKey="Kruys " first="" last="Kruys"> Kruys</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"><italic>Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Y M" sort="Li, Y M" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Y. M." last="Li">Y. M. Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff33"><italic>International Fungal Research Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lucking, R" sort="Lucking, R" uniqKey="Lucking R" first="R." last="Lücking">R. Lücking</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lumbsch, H T" sort="Lumbsch, H T" uniqKey="Lumbsch H" first="H. T." last="Lumbsch">H. T. Lumbsch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marvanova, L" sort="Marvanova, L" uniqKey="Marvanova L" first="L." last="Marvanová">L. Marvanová</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"><italic>Czech Collection of Mircroorganisms, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Tvrdého 14, Brno CZ-602 00, Czech Republic</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mbatchou, J S" sort="Mbatchou, J S" uniqKey="Mbatchou J" first="J. S." last="Mbatchou">J. S. Mbatchou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"><italic>College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, DePaul University, 1 E. Jackson Street, Chicago, Illinois 60604, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcvay, A H" sort="Mcvay, A H" uniqKey="Mcvay A" first="A. H." last="Mcvay">A. H. Mcvay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><italic>Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, A N" sort="Miller, A N" uniqKey="Miller A" first="A. N." last="Miller">A. N. Miller</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18"><italic>Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 South Oak St., Champaign, IL, 61820, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mugambi, G K" sort="Mugambi, G K" uniqKey="Mugambi G" first="G. K." last="Mugambi">G. K. Mugambi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"><italic>National Museums of Kenya, Botany Dept., P.O. Box 45166, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"><italic>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street (MC 066), Chicago, Illinois 60607, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muggia, L" sort="Muggia, L" uniqKey="Muggia L" first="L." last="Muggia">L. Muggia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"><italic>Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Austria</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelsen, M P" sort="Nelsen, M P" uniqKey="Nelsen M" first="M. P." last="Nelsen">M. P. Nelsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"><italic>Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57<sup>th</sup> Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, P" sort="Nelson, P" uniqKey="Nelson P" first="P." last="Nelson">P. Nelson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21"><italic>University of Minnesota, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, 100 Ecology Building, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Owensby, C A" sort="Owensby, C A" uniqKey="Owensby C" first="C A." last="Owensby">C A. Owensby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><italic>Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, A J L" sort="Phillips, A J L" uniqKey="Phillips A" first="A. J. L." last="Phillips">A. J. L. Phillips</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22"><italic>Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phongpaichit, S" sort="Phongpaichit, S" uniqKey="Phongpaichit S" first="S." last="Phongpaichit">S. Phongpaichit</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><italic>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pointing, S B" sort="Pointing, S B" uniqKey="Pointing S" first="S. B." last="Pointing">S. B. Pointing</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"><italic>Division of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pujade Renaud, V" sort="Pujade Renaud, V" uniqKey="Pujade Renaud V" first="V." last="Pujade-Renaud">V. Pujade-Renaud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"><italic>CIRAD/PIAF, Université Blaise Pascal, Bâtiment Biologie Végétale Recherche, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 80026, 63177 Aubière, France</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raja, H A" sort="Raja, H A" uniqKey="Raja H" first="H. A." last="Raja">H. A. Raja</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><italic>Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plata, E Rivas" sort="Plata, E Rivas" uniqKey="Plata E" first="E. Rivas" last="Plata">E. Rivas Plata</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff27"><italic>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street (MC 066), Chicago, Illinois 60607, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robbertse, B" sort="Robbertse, B" uniqKey="Robbertse B" first="B." last="Robbertse">B. Robbertse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><italic>National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6510, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruibal, C" sort="Ruibal, C" uniqKey="Ruibal C" first="C." last="Ruibal">C. Ruibal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff28"><italic>Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sakayaroj, J" sort="Sakayaroj, J" uniqKey="Sakayaroj J" first="J." last="Sakayaroj">J. Sakayaroj</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><italic>Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sano, T" sort="Sano, T" uniqKey="Sano T" first="T." last="Sano">T. Sano</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><italic>Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Selbmann, L" sort="Selbmann, L" uniqKey="Selbmann L" first="L." last="Selbmann">L. Selbmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff29"><italic>DECOS, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, Viterbo, Italy</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shearer, C A" sort="Shearer, C A" uniqKey="Shearer C" first="C. A." last="Shearer">C. A. Shearer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff26"><italic>Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shirouzu, T" sort="Shirouzu, T" uniqKey="Shirouzu T" first="T." last="Shirouzu">T. Shirouzu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"><italic>Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Tottori University, Minami 4-101, Koyama, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553 Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slippers, B" sort="Slippers, B" uniqKey="Slippers B" first="B." last="Slippers">B. Slippers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff31"><italic>Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suetrong, S" sort="Suetrong, S" uniqKey="Suetrong S" first="S." last="Suetrong">S. Suetrong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"><italic>Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"><italic>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, K" sort="Tanaka, K" uniqKey="Tanaka K" first="K." last="Tanaka">K. Tanaka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><italic>Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Volkmann Kohlmeyer, B" sort="Volkmann Kohlmeyer, B" uniqKey="Volkmann Kohlmeyer B" first="B." last="Volkmann-Kohlmeyer">B. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"><italic>Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wingfield, M J" sort="Wingfield, M J" uniqKey="Wingfield M" first="M. J." last="Wingfield">M. J. Wingfield</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff31"><italic>Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, A R" sort="Wood, A R" uniqKey="Wood A" first="A. R." last="Wood">A. R. Wood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff32"><italic>ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woudenberg, J H C" sort="Woudenberg, J H C" uniqKey="Woudenberg J" first="J. H. C." last="Woudenberg">J. H. C. Woudenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><italic>CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yonezawa, H" sort="Yonezawa, H" uniqKey="Yonezawa H" first="H." last="Yonezawa">H. Yonezawa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"><italic>Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" sort="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Y." last="Zhang">Y. Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"><italic>Division of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spatafora, J W" sort="Spatafora, J W" uniqKey="Spatafora J" first="J. W." last="Spatafora">J. W. Spatafora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><italic>Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 U.S.A.</italic></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Studies in Mycology</title><idno type="ISSN">0166-0616</idno><idno type="eISSN">1872-9797</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>We present a comprehensive phylogeny derived from 5 genes, nucSSU, nucLSU
rDNA, <italic>TEF1</italic>, <italic>RPB1</italic> and <italic>RPB2</italic>, for 356 isolates and 41
families (six newly described in this volume) in <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>. All
currently accepted orders in the class are represented for the first time in
addition to numerous previously unplaced lineages. Subclass
<italic>Pleosporomycetidae</italic> is expanded to include the aquatic order
<italic>Jahnulales.</italic> An ancestral reconstruction of basic nutritional modes
supports numerous transitions from saprobic life histories to plant associated
and lichenised modes and a transition from terrestrial to aquatic habitats are
confirmed. Finally, a genomic comparison of 6 dothideomycete genomes with
other fungi finds a high level of unique protein associated with the class,
supporting its delineation as a separate taxon.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Stud Mycol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">simycol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Studies in Mycology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0166-0616</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1872-9797</issn><publisher><publisher-name>CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20169021</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2816964</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">0001</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3114/sim.2009.64.01</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A class-wide phylogenetic assessment of <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schoch</surname><given-names>C.L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Crous</surname><given-names>P.W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Groenewald</surname><given-names>J.Z.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boehm</surname><given-names>E.W.A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Burgess</surname><given-names>T.I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Gruyter</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib 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Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands</italic></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><italic>Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, 1000 Morris Ave., Union, New Jersey 07083, U.S.A.</italic></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><italic>Biological Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia</italic></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><italic>Plant Protection Service, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands</italic></aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label><italic>USDA-ARS Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.</italic></aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label><italic>Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Austria</italic></aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label><italic>Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan</italic></aff><aff id="aff9"><label>9</label><italic>National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan</italic></aff><aff id="aff10"><label>10</label><italic>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, U.S.A.</italic></aff><aff id="aff11"><label>11</label><italic>School 17 of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand</italic></aff><aff id="aff12"><label>12</label><italic>Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand</italic></aff><aff id="aff13"><label>13</label><italic>Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, U.S.A.</italic></aff><aff id="aff14"><label>14</label><italic>Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden</italic></aff><aff id="aff15"><label>15</label><italic>Czech Collection of Mircroorganisms, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Tvrdého 14, Brno CZ-602 00, Czech Republic</italic></aff><aff id="aff16"><label>16</label><italic>College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, DePaul University, 1 E. Jackson Street, Chicago, Illinois 60604, U.S.A.</italic></aff><aff id="aff17"><label>17</label><italic>Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 U.S.A.</italic></aff><aff id="aff18"><label>18</label><italic>Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 South Oak St., Champaign, IL, 61820, U.S.A.</italic></aff><aff id="aff19"><label>19</label><italic>National Museums of Kenya, Botany Dept., P.O. Box 45166, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</italic></aff><aff id="aff20"><label>20</label><italic>Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57<sup>th</sup> Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, U.S.A.</italic></aff><aff id="aff21"><label>21</label><italic>University of Minnesota, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, 100 Ecology Building, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A.</italic></aff><aff id="aff22"><label>22</label><italic>Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal</italic></aff><aff id="aff23"><label>23</label><italic>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand</italic></aff><aff id="aff24"><label>24</label><italic>Division of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China</italic></aff><aff id="aff25"><label>25</label><italic>CIRAD/PIAF, Université Blaise Pascal, Bâtiment Biologie Végétale Recherche, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 80026, 63177 Aubière, France</italic></aff><aff id="aff26"><label>26</label><italic>Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.</italic></aff><aff id="aff27"><label>27</label><italic>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street (MC 066), Chicago, Illinois 60607, U.S.A.</italic></aff><aff id="aff28"><label>28</label><italic>Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain</italic></aff><aff id="aff29"><label>29</label><italic>DECOS, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, Viterbo, Italy</italic></aff><aff id="aff30"><label>30</label><italic>Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Tottori University, Minami 4-101, Koyama, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553 Japan</italic></aff><aff id="aff31"><label>31</label><italic>Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa</italic></aff><aff id="aff32"><label>32</label><italic>ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa</italic></aff><aff id="aff33"><label>33</label><italic>International Fungal Research Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China</italic></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label><italic>Correspondence</italic>: Conrad L. Schoch,
<email>schoch2@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue-title>A phylogenetic re-evaluation of
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic></issue-title><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>15-S10</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © Copyright 2009 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity
Centre</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><license><license-p>You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under
the following conditions:</license-p><license-p><bold>Attribution:</bold> You must attribute
the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way
that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the
work).</license-p><license-p><bold>Non-commercial:</bold> You may not use this work for
commercial purposes.</license-p><license-p><bold>No derivative works:</bold> You may not
alter, transform, or build upon this work.</license-p><license-p>For any reuse or
distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work,
which can be found at
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode.</ext-link> Any of the above
conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder.
Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author's moral rights.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="1.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>We present a comprehensive phylogeny derived from 5 genes, nucSSU, nucLSU
rDNA, <italic>TEF1</italic>, <italic>RPB1</italic> and <italic>RPB2</italic>, for 356 isolates and 41
families (six newly described in this volume) in <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>. All
currently accepted orders in the class are represented for the first time in
addition to numerous previously unplaced lineages. Subclass
<italic>Pleosporomycetidae</italic> is expanded to include the aquatic order
<italic>Jahnulales.</italic> An ancestral reconstruction of basic nutritional modes
supports numerous transitions from saprobic life histories to plant associated
and lichenised modes and a transition from terrestrial to aquatic habitats are
confirmed. Finally, a genomic comparison of 6 dothideomycete genomes with
other fungi finds a high level of unique protein associated with the class,
supporting its delineation as a separate taxon.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd><italic>Ascomycota</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Pezizomycotina</italic></kwd><kwd>Dothideomyceta</kwd><kwd>fungal evolution</kwd><kwd>lichens</kwd><kwd>multigene phylogeny</kwd><kwd>phylogenomics</kwd><kwd>plant pathogens</kwd><kwd>saprobes</kwd><kwd>Tree of Life</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>Multi laboratory collaborative research in various biological disciplines
is providing a high level of interaction amongst researchers with diverse
interests and backgrounds. For the mycological community, the
“Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life” project (AFTOL) provided the
first DNA-based comprehensive multigene phylogenetic view of the fungal
Kingdom (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref59">Lutzoni <italic>et al.</italic>2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref35">James <italic>et al.</italic>2006</xref>). This has also made it possible to revise the classification
of the fungi above the ordinal level
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref30">Hibbett <italic>et al.</italic>2007</xref>). Subsequent work is focused on elucidating poorly resolved
nodes that were highlighted in the initial DNA-based phylogeny
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref60">McLaughlin <italic>et al.</italic>2009</xref>).</p><p>At the other end of the scale from the tree of life projects, taxon
sampling with relatively small numbers of sequence characters are also
progressing in various barcoding projects
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref82">Seifert <italic>et al.</italic> 2007</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref11">Chase <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref81">Seifert 2009</xref>). It remains
important to link these two ends of the spectrum by also sampling intensively
at foci of interest between barcoding and the tree of life. With this in mind
it is the aim of this paper and subsequent ones in this volume to provide a
broadly sampled phylogeny at class level and below for
<italic>Dothideomycetes.</italic> This result is combined efforts and data from a
diverse group of researchers to focus on systematic sampling, therefore
developing a more robust fungal class wide phylogeny of
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>. This is especially important as a framework for
comprehending how fungi have evolved as they shift ecological habitats and
adapt to new environments and nutritional modes.</p><p>It is apparent that the assemblage of fungi, now defined as
<italic>Dothideomycetes,</italic> exemplifies a dynamic evolutionary history. This is
by far the largest and arguably most phylogenetically diverse class within the
largest fungal phylum, <italic>Ascomycota</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref42">Kirk <italic>et al.</italic> 2008</xref>).
It contains a heterogeneous group of fungi that subsist in the majority of the
niches where fungi can be found. The best-known members of the group are plant
pathogens that cause serious crop losses. Species in the genera
<italic>Cochliobolus, Didymella, Phaeosphaeria, Pyrenophora, Venturia,
Mycosphaerella</italic> and <italic>Leptosphaeria,</italic> or their anamorphs, are major
pathogens of corn, melons, wheat, barley, apples, bananas and brassicas
respectively, in most areas of the world where they are cultivated. Other
species are important pathogens in forestry <italic>e.g.</italic> species in the
genera <italic>Botryosphaeria</italic> and <italic>Mycosphaerella</italic> and their anamorphs
that attack economically important tree species.</p><p>Despite a large body of work containing taxonomic, phytopathological,
genetic and genomic research, the majority of fungi hypothesised to be members
of <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> remain under-sampled within a systematic
framework. Several studies performed during the course of the last four years
have advanced our understanding of these fungi, but phylogenetic relationships
of the saprobes, aquatic, asexual and lichenised species remain particularly
poorly studied. Indeed, their conspicuous absence in phylogenetic analyses
frustrates a broader understanding of dothideomycete evolution.</p><p><italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> share a number of morphological characters with
other fungal classes. It was recently formally described
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref20">Eriksson & Winka 1997</xref>)
replacing in part the long-recognised loculoascomycetes
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref58">Luttrell 1955</xref>). This
redefinition of the loculoascomycetes was mainly prompted by DNA sequencing
comparisons of ribosomal RNA genes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref7">Berbee
& Taylor 1992</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref88">Spatafora
<italic>et al.</italic> 1995</xref>) that was subsequently expanded and confirmed
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">Berbee 1996</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref86">Silva-Hanlin & Hanlin
1999</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref50">Lindemuth <italic>et
al.</italic> 2001</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref55">Lumbsch &
Lindemuth 2001</xref>). These early phylogenetic studies demonstrated
that loculoascomycetes, as it was defined, is not monophyletic, although
contrary views exist (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref52">Liu & Hall
2004</xref>). Nevertheless the majority of analyses have shown that some
loculoascomycete taxa, such as the “black yeasts” in
<italic>Chaetothyriales</italic> as well as the lichenised <italic>Verrucariales</italic>,
reside within <italic>Eurotiomycetes</italic> as subclass
<italic>Chaetothyriomycetidae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref88">Spatafora
<italic>et al.</italic> 1995</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref103">Winka
<italic>et al.</italic> 1998</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref23">Geiser
<italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref27">Gueidan
<italic>et al.</italic> 2008</xref>). The majority of the remaining
loculoascomycete species are now placed in <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>. Although
finer morphological distinctions between the distantly related members of
loculoascomycetes can be made, their synapomorphies remain elusive
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref54">Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2007</xref>).
These findings all point to the fact that a number of loculoascomycete
morphological characters are either retained ancestral traits or that they
exhibit convergence due to similar selection pressures.</p><p>Traditionally the most important morphological characters used to define
major groups in <italic>Ascomycota</italic> were the type of ascus, septation of
ascospores, the morphology and development of the ascoma, as well as the
structure and organisation of the centrum. <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> (and
previously, loculoascomycetes) have fissitunicate (or functionally bitunicate)
asci, that emerge from ascolocular development in preformed locules within
vegetative tissue, that represents the ascoma. The reproductive structures in
ascolocular development are derived from cells before fusion of opposing
mating types occurs and can contain one or several locules. This form of
ascolocular development is in contrast to the ascohymenial development found
in most other fungal classes. During ascohymenial development asci are
generated in a hymenium and the reproductive structure is derived from cells
after fusion of opposing mating types. The fissitunicate ascus has been
described for more than a century, but the importance of ascolocular
development was first emphasised in 1932
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref66">Nannfeldt 1932</xref>). Importantly
Nannfeldt's concepts were also the basis for the Santesson's integration of
lichens into the fungal classification
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref76">Santesson 1952</xref>). In
fissitunicate asci, generally, the ascospores are dispersed by the rupture of
the thick outer layers (ectotunica) at its apex, allowing the thinner inner
layer (endotunica) to elongate similar to a “jack in a box”. The
elongated endotunica ruptures apically and releases the ascospores forcefully
through the ascoma opening. The spores are then released in the air, or in
aquatic species, under water. Building on this work and that of others
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref62">Miller 1949</xref>), Luttrell
proposed Loculoascomycetes, synonymous to Nannfeldt's
“Ascoloculares” (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref58">Luttrell
1955</xref>). Importantly, he proposed a correlation between
fissitunicate asci and ascolocular development, also emphasising the
importance of ascus morphology and dehiscence as well as the development of
surrounding elements within the ascoma.</p><p>Although the concept of a group of fungi (including the
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>) with fissitunicate asci and ascolocular development
has been accepted by several authors, much less agreement could be found on
ordinal definitions in the era before molecular characters. This ranged from
proposing a single order (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">von Arx &
Müller 1975</xref>) to three
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref65">Müller & von Arx
1962</xref>), five (Luttrell
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref57">1951</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref58">1955</xref>) six
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">Barr 1979</xref>), or seven
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">Barr 1987</xref>). Luttrell initially
described a number of important development types centered on descriptions of
all tissues inside the ascoma (the centrum concept) and combined this with
ascoma structure to define his five orders (Luttrell
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref57">1951</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref58">1955</xref>). Of Luttrell's initial
centrum concepts three are applicable to the <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> as they
are presently defined. Thus, the <italic>Pleospora</italic> type, the
<italic>Dothidea</italic> type and the <italic>Elsinoë</italic> type centra correspond to
the dothideomycete orders <italic>Pleosporales, Dothideales</italic> and
<italic>Myriangiales</italic>, respectively. An important refinement to Luttrell's
ideas was introduced with the concept of the hamathecium by Eriksson
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref19">Eriksson 1981</xref>). This is
defined as a neutral term for sterile hyphae or other tissues between the asci
in the ascoma (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref42">Kirk <italic>et al.</italic>2008</xref>). For example, hamathecial types can include the presence or
absence of pseudoparaphyses, which are sterile cells that extend down from the
upper portion of the ascomatal cavity. They become attached at both ends,
although the upper part may become free at maturity. Other important concepts
introduced by Müller and von Arx
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref65">Müller & von Arx
1962</xref>) focused on the morphology of the ascoma opening and ascus
shape. The <italic>Dothidea</italic> type centrum in the type species of <italic>Dothidea,
D. sambuci</italic> illustrates several typical dothideomycete morphologies
(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Fig. 1</xref>). These include the
thick-walled fissitunicate asci produced within a multilocular stroma.</p><p>The most recent dothideomycete class-wide morphological assessments were
carried out by Barr (Barr <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">1979</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">1987</xref>). Her subclasses were
determined based on characters in the centrum, including the absence, presence
and types of hamathecial tissues. Consistent with several earlier authors,
Barr's ordinal classifications were based on ascomatal shape (perithecioid or
apothecioid) and manner in which nutrients are obtained by the fungus
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">Barr 1987</xref>). In addition to
these characters she emphasised the importance of finer distinctions in the
hamathecium such as the shape and structure of the pseudoparaphyses (Barr
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">1979</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">1987</xref>).</p><p>The introduction of molecular phylogenies for <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">Berbee 1996</xref>) provided an
opportunity to verify the significance of various morphological characters
used in the aforementioned classifications. The clearest correlation with a
DNA sequence-based phylogeny was for the presence or absence of
pseudoparaphyses, largely agreeing with the first orders proposed by Luttrell
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref49">Liew <italic>et al.</italic> 2000</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref55">Lumbsch & Lindemuth 2001</xref>).
Barr's concept of applying the shape of the pseudoparaphyses to define orders
was rejected by molecular phylogenies
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref49">Liew <italic>et al.</italic> 2000</xref>).
This set the stage for more comprehensive analyses incorporating protein data,
and resulted in the definition of two subclasses, <italic>Pleosporomycetidae</italic>(pseudoparaphyses present) and the <italic>Dothideomycetidae</italic>(pseudoparaphyses absent; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref77">Schoch <italic>et
al.</italic> 2006</xref>). Numerous orders and other taxa remained unresolved
outside of these two subclasses.</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig1"><label>Fig. 1.</label><caption><p><italic>Dothidea sambuci.</italic> A–B. Appearance of ascomata on the host
surface. C, F. Asci in cotton blue reagent. D. Vertical section through
ascomata illustrating the mutilocule at the upper layer. E. Vertical section
through ascomata in cotton blue reagent illustrating the locule. G–H.
Ascospores in cotton blue reagent. Scale bars: B = 1000 μm; C = 500 μm;
E = 100 μm; F–H = 10 μm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1fig1"></graphic></fig></p><p>The most recent class level phylogenetic analyses combining sequences from
protein coding genes with ribosomal RNA sequences fortified the view that
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> is a monophyletic group (Schoch <italic>et al.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref78">2009a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref79">b</xref>). Furthermore, strong
support was found for a sister relationship between <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>and the lichenised class <italic>Arthoniomycetes</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref56">Lumbsch <italic>et al.</italic> 2005</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref89">Spatafora <italic>et al.</italic>2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref78">Schoch <italic>et al.</italic>2009a</xref>). This clade was recently defined as a rankless taxon
“Dothideomyceta” (Schoch <italic>et al.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref78">2009a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref79">b</xref>). The
<italic>Arthoniomycetes</italic> consists of a single order (<italic>Arthoniales</italic>) of
lichens and lichenicolous fungi (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref21">Ertz
<italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>) that produce bitunicate asci in ascohymenial
apothecia and was proposed as an intermediate group or
“Zwischengruppe” (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref29">Henssen
& Thor 1994</xref>). This placement raises intriguing questions
regarding the origins of ascolocular development and further illustrates the
importance of including lichen-forming fungi in dothideomycete
phylogenies.</p><p>While considerable progress has been made in defining these fungi the
placement of <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> in relation to the majority of other
<italic>Ascomycota</italic> classes remains unresolved. Here, greater clarity would
likely require a huge increase of characters from genome projects. In this
regard, the first phylogenomic studies have shown low resolution for this
relationship (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref22">Fitzpatrick <italic>et al.</italic>2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref47">Kuramae <italic>et al.</italic>2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref73">Robbertse <italic>et
al.</italic> 2006</xref>). This could indicate a rapid radiation event, but
more likely suggests taxon sampling bias. This latter view is supported by the
fact that none of these studies has included lichenised species that represent
about 25 % of the number of species in <italic>Ascomycota</italic>.</p><p>The authors of this volume have focused on two primary goals. These are to
considerably expand the taxon sampling of existing orders by including
saprobes, asexual species and other poorly sampled groups. Secondly we aim to
sample widely within specific environmental niches and present a multigene
phylogeny that exposes the highly diverse nature of
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods"><title>MATERIAL AND METHODS</title><sec><title>DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing</title><p>The majority of fungal cultures were obtained from the CBS culture
collection and additional sources mentioned in other papers of this volume.
DNA was also provided by authors of several papers presented in this volume
and the reader is referred to Boehm <italic>et al</italic>.
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref8">2009a</xref>), Crous <italic>et al</italic>.
(2009a), Suetrong <italic>et al</italic>.
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref93">2009</xref>) and Zhang <italic>et
al</italic>. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref107">2009</xref>). For
additional details see <xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl1">Table 1</xref>- see online Supplementary Information. Fungal genomic DNA was obtained by
scraping mycelium from PDA plates. Samples were subsequently pulverised and
the DNA was extracted using the FastDNA® kit and the FastPrep®
instrument from MPI Biochemicals (Irvine, CA, U.S.A.). DNA amplifications were
completed using <italic>Taq</italic> polymerase (GenScript, Piscataway, NJ, U.S.A.),
with FailSafe™ PCR 2× PreMix E (Epicentre, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.).
Primers were used as noted in the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life project
(AFTOL; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref78">Schoch <italic>et al.</italic>2009a</xref>). This resulted in DNA sequence data obtained from the small
and large subunits of the nuclear ribosomal RNA genes (SSU, LSU) and three
protein coding genes, namely the translation elongation factor-1 alpha
(<italic>TEF1</italic>) and the largest and second largest subunits of RNA polymerase
II (<italic>RPB1, RPB2</italic>). Primer sets used for these genes were as follows:
SSU: NS1/NS4; LSU: LR0R/LR5; <italic>TEF1</italic> 983/2218R (initially obtained from
S. Rehner:
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="ocid.nacse.org/research/deephyphae/EF1primer.pdf">ocid.nacse.org/research/deephyphae/EF1primer.pdf</ext-link>);
<italic>RPB2</italic>: fRPB2-SF/fRPB2-7cR; <italic>RPB1</italic>: RPB1-Ac/RPB1-Cr (obtained
from V. Hofstetter). Primer sequences are available at the WASABI database at
the AFTOL website
(<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="aftol.org">aftol.org</ext-link>).
PCRs for these genes were performed in various laboratories of the coauthors
mentioned but the majority of reactions were run under conditions described
previously (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref59">Lutzoni <italic>et al.</italic>2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref78">Schoch <italic>et al.</italic>2009a</xref>). Two duplicate sets of sequences were inadvertently
included in the analysis (indicated in
<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl1">Table 1</xref>).</p><p><table-wrap position="float" id="tbl1"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Isolates of <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> included in this study. Newly
deposited sequences are shown in bold.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Taxon</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>voucher/culture</bold><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tblfn1"><bold>1</bold></xref></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>SSU</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>LSU</bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold><italic>RPB1</italic></bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold><italic>RPB2</italic></bold></th><th valign="top" align="left"><bold><italic>TEF1</italic></bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Acanthostigma perpusillum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> UAMH
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY856937
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY856892
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Aglaospora profusa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123109&link_type=cbs">CBS 123109</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296130</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301792</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349062</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Aigialus grandis</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 2Q
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296132</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301794</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349063</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Aigialus grandis</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> JK 5244A
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296131</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301793</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371762</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Aigialus parvus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> A6
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296133</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301795</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371771</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349064</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118232&link_type=cbs">CBS 118232</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AF201453
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301796</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ238360
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349048</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Alternaria alternata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=916.96&link_type=cbs">CBS 916.96</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678031
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678082
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677980
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677927
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Amniculicola parva</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123092&link_type=cbs">CBS 123092</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296134</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ795497
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349065</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Anteaglonium abbreviatum</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> ANM 925.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221877
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221924
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Anteaglonium abbreviatum</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GKM 1029
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221878
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221915
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Anteaglonium globosum</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> SMH 5283
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221911
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221919
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Anteaglonium globosum</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> ANM 925.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221879
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221925
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Anteaglonium latirostrum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> L100N 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221938
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Anteaglonium parvulum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> SMH 5210
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221907
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221917
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Apiosporina collinsii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118973&link_type=cbs">CBS 118973</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296135</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301798</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357778</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349057</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Apiosporina morbosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> dimosp
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF114694
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Arthopyrenia salicis</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 1994 Coppins
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY607730
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY607742
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Arthopyrenia salicis</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=368.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 368.94</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY538333
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY538339
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371814</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ascochyta pisi</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=126.54&link_type=cbs">CBS 126.54</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678018
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678070
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677967
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677913
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ascocratera manglicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> JK 5262C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296136</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301799</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371763</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Asteromassaria pulchra</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124082&link_type=cbs">CBS 124082</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296137</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301800</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371772</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349066</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Astrosphaeriella aggregata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> MAFF 239486
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524450
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524591
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539105
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539092
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Astrosphaeriella bakeriana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115556&link_type=cbs">CBS 115556</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301801</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357752</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349015</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Astrothelium cinnamomeum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DUKE 0000007
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY584652
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ782896
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Aulographina pinorum</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=302.71&link_type=cbs">CBS 302.71</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371766</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Aulographina pinorum</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=174.90&link_type=cbs">CBS 174.90</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296138</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301802</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357763</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371737</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349046</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Aureobasidium pullulans</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=584.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 584.75</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471004
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470956
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471148
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470906
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471075
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Bagnisiella examinans</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=551.66&link_type=cbs">CBS 551.66</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296139</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301803</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357776</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371746</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349056</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Batcheloromyces proteae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110696&link_type=cbs">CBS 110696</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY251102
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU019247
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Beverwykella pulmonaria</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=283.53&link_type=cbs">CBS 283.53</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301804</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371768</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Bimuria novae-zelandiae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=107.79&link_type=cbs">CBS 107.79</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016338
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016356
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471159
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470917
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471087
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Botryosphaeria dothidea</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115476&link_type=cbs">CBS 115476</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677998
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678051
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357802</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677944
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767637
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Botryosphaeria tsugae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=418.64&link_type=cbs">CBS 418.64</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AF271127
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767655
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767644
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677914
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Byssolophis sphaerioides</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> IFRDCC2053
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296140</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301805</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU456348
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU456263
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Byssothecium circinans</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=675.92&link_type=cbs">CBS 675.92</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016339
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016357
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767646
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349061</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Camarosporium quaternatum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=483.95&link_type=cbs">CBS 483.95</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296141</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301806</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357761</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349044</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Capnobotryella renispora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=215.90&link_type=cbs">CBS 215.90</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY220613
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ852582
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Capnodium coffeae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=147.52&link_type=cbs">CBS 147.52</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ247808
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ247800
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471162
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ247788
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471089
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Capnodium salicinum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=131.34&link_type=cbs">CBS 131.34</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677997
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678050
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677889
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Catenulostroma abietis</italic> (as <italic>Trimmatostroma abietis</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=459.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 459.93</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678040
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678092
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357797</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677933
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Catenulostroma elginense</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111030&link_type=cbs">CBS 111030</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214517
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU019252
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Catinella olivacea</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> UAMH 10679
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ915484
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF622212
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cenococcum geophilum</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> HUNT A1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> L76616
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cenococcum geophilum</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CGMONT
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> L76617
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cenococcum geophilum</italic> 3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 10
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> L76618
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cercospora beticola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116456&link_type=cbs">CBS 116456</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678039
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678091
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677932
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=216.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 216.75</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754045
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754144
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357808</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371777</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cladosporium cladosporioides</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=170.54&link_type=cbs">CBS 170.54</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678004
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678057
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357790</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677952
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677898
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cladosporium iridis</italic> (teleomorph <italic>Davidiella macrospora</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=138.40&link_type=cbs">CBS 138.40</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ008148
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Clathrospora elynae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=196.54&link_type=cbs">CBS 196.54</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296142</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323214</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cochliobolus heterostrophus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=134.39&link_type=cbs">CBS 134.39</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY544727
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY544645
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ247790
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ497603
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cochliobolus sativus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DAOM 226212
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677995
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678045
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677939
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Columnosphaeria fagi</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=171.93&link_type=cbs">CBS 171.93</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016342
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016359
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677966
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Comminutispora agavaciensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=619 95&link_type=cbs">CBS 619 95</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Y18699
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU981286
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Conidioxyphium gardeniorum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 14327
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296143</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301807</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357774</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371743</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349054</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Coniothyrium palmarum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=400.71&link_type=cbs">CBS 400.71</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678008
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767653
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677956
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677903
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Corynespora cassiicola</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=100822&link_type=cbs">CBS 100822</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296144</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301808</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357772</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371742</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349052</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Corynespora cassiicola</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CCP
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296145</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Corynespora olivacea</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114450&link_type=cbs">CBS 114450</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301809</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349014</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Corynespora smithii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CABI 5649b
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323201</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371804</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371783</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349018</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cryptothelium amazonum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 47
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU327713
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU327731
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cryptothelium pulchrum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 63C
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU327714
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cystocoleus ebeneus</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> L348
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU048573
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU048580
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cystocoleus ebeneus</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> L315
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU048572
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Davidiella tassiana</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=399.80&link_type=cbs">CBS 399.80</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678022
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678074
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357793</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677971
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677918
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Delitschia</italic> cf. <italic>chaetomioides</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GKM 3253.2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU390656</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Delitschia</italic> cf. <italic>chaetomioides</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GKM 1283
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU385172</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Delitschia didyma</italic> 1 (duplicate)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> UME 31411
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>DQ384090</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Delitschia didyma</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> UME 31411
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AF242264
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ384090
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Delitschia winteri</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=225.62&link_type=cbs">CBS 225.62</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678026
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678077
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677975
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677922
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Delphinella strobiligena</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=735.71&link_type=cbs">CBS 735.71</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470977
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471175
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677951
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471100
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Devriesia staurophora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=375.81&link_type=cbs">CBS 375.81</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF137359
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ008151
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Devriesia strelitziae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122379&link_type=cbs">CBS 122379</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296146</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301810</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371738</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349049</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Didymella bryoniae</italic> (as <italic>Phoma cucurbitacearum</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=133.96&link_type=cbs">CBS 133.96</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301863</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371767</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Didymella exigua</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=183.55&link_type=cbs">CBS 183.55</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296147</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357800</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371764</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Didymocrea sadasivanii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=438 65&link_type=cbs">CBS 438 65</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ384066
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ384103
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Diplodia mutila</italic> (teleomorph <italic>Botryosphaeria stevensii</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=431.82&link_type=cbs">CBS 431.82</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678012
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678064
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677960
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677907
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dissoconium aciculare</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=204.89&link_type=cbs">CBS 204.89</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214523
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ852587
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dissoconium commune</italic> (teleomorph <italic>Mycosphaerella communis</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110747&link_type=cbs">CBS 110747</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214525
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ852589
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dissoconium dekkeri</italic> (teleomorph <italic>Mycosphaerella lateralis</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111282&link_type=cbs">CBS 111282</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214531
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214425
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dothidea hippophaës</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=188.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 188.58</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> U42475
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678048
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357801</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677942
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677887
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dothidea insculpta</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=189.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 189.58</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ247810
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ247802
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471154
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AF107800
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471081
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dothidea sambuci</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DAOM 231303
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY544722
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY544681
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ522854
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ497606
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dothiora cannabinae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=737.71&link_type=cbs">CBS 737.71</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ479933
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470984
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471182
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470936
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471107
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dothiora elliptica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=736.71&link_type=cbs">CBS 736.71</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301811</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349013</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dothistroma septosporum</italic> 1 (teleomorph <italic>Mycosphaerella pini</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=543 74&link_type=cbs">CBS 543 74</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301853</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371730</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Dothistroma septosporum</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112498&link_type=cbs">CBS 112498</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214533
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ852597
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Elsinoë centrolobi</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=222.50&link_type=cbs">CBS 222.50</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678041
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678094
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357798</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677934
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Elsinoë phaseoli</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=165.31&link_type=cbs">CBS 165.31</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678042
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678095
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357799</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677935
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Elsinoë veneta</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=150.27&link_type=cbs">CBS 150.27</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767651
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767658
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767641
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Endosporium aviarium</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> UAMH 10530
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU304349
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU304351
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Endosporium populi-tremuloidis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> UAMH 10529
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU304346_
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU304348
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Entodesmium rude</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=650.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 650.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301812</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349012</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Falciformispora lignatilis</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> BCC 21118
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371835</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371827</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371820</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Falciformispora lignatilis</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> BCC 21117
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371834</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371826</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371819</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Farlowiella carmichaeliana</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=179.73&link_type=cbs">CBS 179.73</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296148</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Farlowiella carmichealiana</italic> 1 (as anamorph Acrogenospora
sphaerocephala)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=164.76&link_type=cbs">CBS 164.76</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296129</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301791</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357780</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371748</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349059</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Floricola striata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> JK 56781
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296149</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301813</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371758</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Friedmanniomyces endolithicus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CCFEE 522
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ066715
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Friedmanniomyces simplex</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116775&link_type=cbs">CBS 116775</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ066716
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Gibbera conferta</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=191.53&link_type=cbs">CBS 191.53</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296150</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301814</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357758</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349041</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Gloniopsis arciformis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GKM L166A
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323180</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323211</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Gloniopsis praelonga</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112415&link_type=cbs">CBS 112415</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161134
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161173
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161113
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161090
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Gloniopsis praelonga</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123337&link_type=cbs">CBS 123337</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161154
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161195
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161103
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161103
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Gloniopsis subrugosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123346&link_type=cbs">CBS 123346</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161170
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161210
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371808</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161131
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Glonium circumserpens</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123342&link_type=cbs">CBS 123342</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161168
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161208
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Glonium circumserpens</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123343&link_type=cbs">CBS 123343</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161160
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161200
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371806</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161126
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161108
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Glonium stellatum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=207.34&link_type=cbs">CBS 207.34</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161140
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161179
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161095
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Guignardia bidwellii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=237.48&link_type=cbs">CBS 237.48</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678034
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678085
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357794</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677983
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Guignardia citricarpa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102374&link_type=cbs">CBS 102374</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296151</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301815</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357773</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349053</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Guignardia gaultheriae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=447.70&link_type=cbs">CBS 447.70</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678089
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357796</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677987
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Halomassarina ramunculicola</italic> 1 (as <italic>Massarina ramunculicola</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> BCC 18404
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ92538
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ925853
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Halomassarina ramunculicola</italic> 2 (as <italic>Massarina ramunculicola</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> BCC 18405
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ925839
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ925854
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Halomassarina thalassiae</italic> (as <italic>Massarina thalassia</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> JK 5262D
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301816</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349011</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Helicomyces roseus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=283.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 283.51</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678032
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678083
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677981
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677928
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hortaea acidophila</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113389&link_type=cbs">CBS 113389</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323202</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357768</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hortaea werneckii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=708.76&link_type=cbs">CBS 708.76</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296153</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301818</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357779</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371747</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349058</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hortaea werneckii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=100496&link_type=cbs">CBS 100496</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296152</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301817</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371739</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349050</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hysterium angustatum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123334&link_type=cbs">CBS 123334</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161167
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161207
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161129
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161111
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hysterium barrianum</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> ANM 1495
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323182</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221885
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hysterium barrianum</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> ANM 1442
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323181</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221884
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hysterobrevium mori</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123336&link_type=cbs">CBS 123336</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161164
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161204
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hysterobrevium mori</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> SMH 5273
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301820</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221936
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hysterobrevium mori</italic> 3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GKM 1013
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301819</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU397338</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hysterobrevium smilacis</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114601&link_type=cbs">CBS 114601</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161135
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161174
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357806</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161114
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161091
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hysterobrevium smilacis</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> SMH 5280
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323183</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221912
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371810</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371784</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hysteropatella clavispora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=247.34&link_type=cbs">CBS 247.34</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678006
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY541493
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677955
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677901
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Hysteropatella elliptica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=935.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 935.97</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF495114
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767657
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767647
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767640
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Jahnula aquatica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> R68-1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF175633
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF175655
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Jahnula bipileata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> F49-1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF175635
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF175657
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Jahnula seychellensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> SS2113.1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF175644
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF175665
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Julella avicenniae</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> BCC 18422
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371831</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371823</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371787</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371816</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Julella avicenniae</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> BCC 20173
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371830</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371822</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371786</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371815</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Kabatiella caulivora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=242.64&link_type=cbs">CBS 242.64</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU167576
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU167576
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357765</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Kalmusia scabrispora</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> MAFF 239517
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524452
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524593
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539093
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539106
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Kalmusia scabrispora</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> NBRC 106237
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524453
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524594
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539094
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539107
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Karstenula rhodostoma</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=690.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 690.94</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296154</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301821</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371788</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349067</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Katumotoa bambusicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> MAFF 239641
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524454
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524595
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539095
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539108
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Keissleriella cladophila</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=104.55&link_type=cbs">CBS 104.55</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296155</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301822</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371735</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349043</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Kirschsteiniothelia elaterascus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> A22-5A / HKUCC7769
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AF053727
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY787934
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Kirschsteiniothelia maritima</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=221.60&link_type=cbs">CBS 221.60</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323203</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349001</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Laurera megasperma</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AFTOL 2094
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ267702
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lentithecium aquaticum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123099&link_type=cbs">CBS 123099</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296156</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301823</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371789</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349068</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lentithecium arundinaceum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=619.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 619.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296157</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301824</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ795473
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lentithecium fluviatile</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122367&link_type=cbs">CBS 122367</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296158</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301825</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349074</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lepidosphaeria nicotiae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=101341&link_type=cbs">CBS 101341</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678067
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677963
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677910
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Leptosphaeria biglobosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=303.51&link_type=cbs">CBS 303.51</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301826</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349010</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Leptosphaeria doliolum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=505.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 505.75</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296159</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301827</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349069</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Leptosphaeria dryadis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=643.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 643.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301828</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371733</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349009</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Leptosphaerulina argentinensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=569.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 569.94</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301829</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357759</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349008</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Leptosphaerulina australis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=317.83&link_type=cbs">CBS 317.83</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296160</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301830</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371790</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349070</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Leptosphearia maculans</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DAOM 229267
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470993
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470946
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471136
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470894
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471062
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Leptoxyphium fumago</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123.26&link_type=cbs">CBS 123.26</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296161</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301831</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357771</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371741</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349051</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Letendraea helminthicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=884.85&link_type=cbs">CBS 884.85</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016345
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016362
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Letendraea padouk</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=485.70&link_type=cbs">CBS 485.70</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296162</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY849951
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lindgomyces breviappendiculata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> HHUF 28193
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB521733
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB521748
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lindgomyces ingoldianus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> ATCC_200398
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB521719
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB521736
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lindgomyces rotundatus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> HHUF_27999
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB521723
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB521740
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lophiostoma alpigenum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GKM 1091b
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU385193</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lophiostoma arundinis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=621.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 621.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ782383
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ782384
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ782386
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ782387
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lophiostoma caulium</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=623.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 623.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296163</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301833</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371791</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lophiostoma caulium</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=624.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 624.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301832</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349007</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lophiostoma compressum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> IFRD 2014
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296164</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301834</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ795457
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lophiostoma crenatum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=629.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 629.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678017
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678069
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677965
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677912
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lophiostoma fuckelii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GKM 1063
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU385192</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lophiotrema brunneosporum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123095&link_type=cbs">CBS 123095</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296165</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301835</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349071</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lophiotrema lignicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122364&link_type=cbs">CBS 122364</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296166</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301836</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349072</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lophiotrema nucula</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=627.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 627.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296167</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301837</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371792</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349073</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lophium elegans</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EB 0366
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323184</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323210</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lophium mytilinum</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114111&link_type=cbs">CBS 114111</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF596819
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF596819
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lophium mytilinum</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=269.34&link_type=cbs">CBS 269.34</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678030
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678081
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677979
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677926
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Loratospora aestuarii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> JK 5535B
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296168</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301838</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371760</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Macrophomina phaseolina</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=227.33&link_type=cbs">CBS 227.33</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678037
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678088
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677986
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677929
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Macrovalsaria megalospora</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 178150
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ215707
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ215701
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Macrovalsaria megalospora</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 178149
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ215706
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ215700
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Massaria anomia</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=591.78&link_type=cbs">CBS 591.78</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296169</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301839</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371769</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Massaria platani</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=221.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 221.37</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678013
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678065
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677961
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677908
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Massarina arundinariae</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> MAFF 239461
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524455
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524596
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539096
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524817
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Massarina arundinariae</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> NBRC 106238
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524456
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524597
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539097
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524818
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Massarina eburnea</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=473.64&link_type=cbs">CBS 473.64</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296170</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301840</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357755</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371732</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349040</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Massarina igniaria</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=845.96&link_type=cbs">CBS 845.96</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296171</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301841</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371793</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Massariosphaeria grandispora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=613 86&link_type=cbs">CBS 613 86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296172</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301842</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357747</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371725</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349036</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Massariosphaeria phaeospora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=611.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 611.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296173</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301843</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371794</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Massariosphaeria typhicola</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123126&link_type=cbs">CBS 123126</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296174</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301844</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371795</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Massariosphaeria typhicola</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> KT 797
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB521730
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB521747
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mauritiana rhizophorae</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> BCC 28866
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371832</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371824</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371796</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371817</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mauritiana rhizophorae</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> BCC 28867
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371833</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371825</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371797</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371818</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Melanomma pulvis-pyrius</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> SMH 3291
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU385197</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Melanomma pulvis-pyrius</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=371.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 371.75</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301845</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371798</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349019</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Melanomma rhododendri</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> ANM 73
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU385198</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Microthyrium microscopicum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115976&link_type=cbs">CBS 115976</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296175</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301846</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371734</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349042</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Microxyphium aciculiforme</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=892.73&link_type=cbs">CBS 892.73</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296176</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301847</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357762</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371736</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349045</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Microxyphium citri</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=451.66&link_type=cbs">CBS 451.66</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296177</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301848</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357750</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371727</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349039</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Microxyphium theae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=202.30&link_type=cbs">CBS 202.30</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296178</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301849</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357781</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349060</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Monascostroma innumerosum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=345.50&link_type=cbs">CBS 345.50</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296179</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301850</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349033</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Monotosporella tuberculata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=256.84&link_type=cbs">CBS 256.84</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301851</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349006</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Montagnula opulenta</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=168.34&link_type=cbs">CBS 168.34</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AF164370
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678086
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677984
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella endophytica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114662&link_type=cbs">CBS 114662</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214538
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ246255
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella eurypotami</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> JK 5586J
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301852</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371722</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella graminicola</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=292.38&link_type=cbs">CBS 292.38</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678033
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678084
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677982
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella graminicola</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115943&link_type=cbs">CBS 115943</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214540
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214436
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella heimii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110682&link_type=cbs">CBS 110682</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214541
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ852604
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella latebrosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=687.94&link_type=cbs">CBS 687.94</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ848331
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214444
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella marksii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110942&link_type=cbs">CBS 110942</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214549
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ852612
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella punctiformis</italic> (anamorph <italic>Ramularia endophylla</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113265&link_type=cbs">CBS 113265</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471017
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470968
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471165
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470920
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471092
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Myriangium duriaei</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=260.36&link_type=cbs">CBS 260.36</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016347
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678059
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677954
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677900
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Myriangium hispanicum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=247.33&link_type=cbs">CBS 247.33</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296180</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301854</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357775</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371744</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349055</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mytilinidion acicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EB 0349
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323185</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323209</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371757</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mytilinidion andinense</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123562&link_type=cbs">CBS 123562</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161159
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161199
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161125
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161107
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mytilinidion californicum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EB 0385
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323186</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323208</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mytilinidion mytilinellum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=303.34&link_type=cbs">CBS 303.34</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161144
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161184
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357810</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161119
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161100
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mytilinidion resinicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=304.34&link_type=cbs">CBS 304.34</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161145
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161185
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161101
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161101
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161120
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mytilinidion rhenanum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EB 0341
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323187</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323207</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mytilinidion scolecosporum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=305.34&link_type=cbs">CBS 305.34</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161146
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161186
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357811</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161121
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161102
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mytilinidion thujarum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EB 0268
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323188</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323206</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mytilinidion tortile</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EB 0377
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323189</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323205</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Neofusicoccum ribis</italic> (teleomorph <italic>Botryosphaeria ribis</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115475&link_type=cbs">CBS 115475</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678000
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678053
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357789</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677947
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677893
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Neophaeosphaeria filamentosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=102202&link_type=cbs">CBS 102202</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ387516
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ387577
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357803</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371773</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349084</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Neottiosporina paspali</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=331.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 331.37</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754073
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754172
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357812</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371779</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349079</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Oedohysterium insidens</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=238.34&link_type=cbs">CBS 238.34</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161142
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161182
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161118
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161097
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Oedohysterium insidens</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> ANM 1443
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323190</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ221882
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371811</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371785</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Oedohysterium sinense</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123345&link_type=cbs">CBS 123345</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161169
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161209
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371807</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161130
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Opegrapha dolomitica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DUKE 0047528
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ883706
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ883717
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ883714
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ883732
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ophiosphaerella herpotricha</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=620.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 620.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678010
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678062
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677958
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677905
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ophiosphaerella sasicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> MAFF 239644
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524458
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524599
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539098
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539111
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Otthia spiraeae</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114124&link_type=cbs">CBS 114124</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF204515
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF204498
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Otthia spiraeae</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113091&link_type=cbs">CBS 113091</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF204516
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF204499
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357777</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Paraconiothyrium minitans</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122788&link_type=cbs">CBS 122788</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754074
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754173
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357807</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371776</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349083</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Patellaria atrata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=958.97&link_type=cbs">CBS 958.97</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296181</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301855</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357749</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371726</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349038</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Patellaria cf. atrata</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> BCC 28876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371836</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371828</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Patellaria cf. atrata</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> BCC 28877
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371837</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371829</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phacellium paspali</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113093&link_type=cbs">CBS 113093</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214669
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ852627
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=244.38&link_type=cbs">CBS 244.38</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357766</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371740</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=267.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 267.37</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF114722
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF114698
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357770</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeocryptopus nudus</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=268.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 268.37</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296182</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301856</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357745</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349034</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeodothis winteri</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=182.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 182.58</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296183</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301857</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677917
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeosclera dematioides</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=157.81&link_type=cbs">CBS 157.81</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296184</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301858</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357764</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349047</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeosphaeria ammophilae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114595&link_type=cbs">CBS 114595</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296185</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301859</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357746</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371724</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349035</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeosphaeria avenaria</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DAOM 226215
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY544725
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY544684
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677941
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677885
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeosphaeria brevispora</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> NBRC 106240
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524460
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524601
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539100
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539113
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeosphaeria brevispora</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> MAFF 239276
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524459
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524600
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539099
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539112
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeosphaeria caricis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120249&link_type=cbs">CBS 120249</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301860</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349005</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeosphaeria eustoma</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=573.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 573.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678011
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678063
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677959
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677906
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeosphaeria juncicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=595.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 595.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349016</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeosphaeria luctuosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=308.79&link_type=cbs">CBS 308.79</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301861</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349004</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeosphaeria nodorum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Broad
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Genome
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Genome
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Genome
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Genome
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Genome
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeosphaeriopsis musae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120026&link_type=cbs">CBS 120026</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296186</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301862</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357748</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349037</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phaeotrichum benjaminii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=541.72&link_type=cbs">CBS 541.72</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016348
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY004340
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357788</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677946
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677892
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phoma betae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=109410&link_type=cbs">CBS 109410</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754079
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754178
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357804</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371774</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349075</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phoma complanata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=268.92&link_type=cbs">CBS 268.92</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754081
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754180
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357809</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371778</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349078</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phoma exigua</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=431.74&link_type=cbs">CBS 431.74</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754084
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754183
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357813</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371780</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349080</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phoma glomerata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=528.66&link_type=cbs">CBS 528.66</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754085
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754184
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371781</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349081</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phoma herbarum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=276.37&link_type=cbs">CBS 276.37</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678014
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678066
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357792</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677962
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677909
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phoma heteromorphospora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115.96&link_type=cbs">CBS 115.96</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754089
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754188
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371775</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349077</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phoma radicina</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=111.79&link_type=cbs">CBS 111.79</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754092
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754191
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357805</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349076</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phoma zeae-maydis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=588.69&link_type=cbs">CBS 588.69</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754093
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU754192
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357814</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371782</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349082</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Piedraia hortae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=480.64&link_type=cbs">CBS 480.64</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016349
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016366
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677990
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pleomassaria siparia</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=279.74&link_type=cbs">CBS 279.74</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678027
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678078
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677976
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677923
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pleospora ambigua</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=113979&link_type=cbs">CBS 113979</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY787937
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357760</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pleospora herbarum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=191.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 191.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ247812
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ247804
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471163
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ247794
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471090
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Polyplosphaeria fusca</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> MAFF 239685
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524463
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524604
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Polythrincium trifolii (as Cymadothea trifolii)</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 133
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU167612
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU167612
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Preussia funiculata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=659.74&link_type=cbs">CBS 659.74</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296187</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301864</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371799</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349032</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Preussia lignicola (as Sporormia lignincola)</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=264.69&link_type=cbs">CBS 264.69</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296197</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301872</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371765</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349027</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Preussia terricola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DAOM 230091
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY544726
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY544686
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471137
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470895
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471063
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora fijiensis (teleomorph Mycosphaerella fijiensis)</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> OSC 100622
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767652
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678098
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677993
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora griseola f. griseola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 10461
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323191</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU348997</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudocercospora vitis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11595
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ289864
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214483
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pseudotetraploa curviappendiculata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> MAFF 239495
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524467
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524608
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Psiloglonium araucanum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112412&link_type=cbs">CBS 112412</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161133
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161172
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357743</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161112
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161089
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Psiloglonium clavisporum</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=123338&link_type=cbs">CBS 123338</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161156
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161197
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161123
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Psiloglonium clavisporum</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GKM L172A
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323192</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323204</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Psiloglonium simulans</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=206.34&link_type=cbs">CBS 206.34</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161139
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161178
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161116
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ161094
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pyrenochaeta nobilis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=407.76&link_type=cbs">CBS 407.76</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678096
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677991
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677936
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pyrenophora phaeocomes</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DAOM 222769
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ499595
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ499596
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ497614
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ497607
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> OSC 100066
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY544672
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677882
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=328.53&link_type=cbs">CBS 328.53</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349017</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Quadricrura septentrionalis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125429&link_type=cbs">CBS 125429</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524474
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524615
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Quintaria lignatilis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=117700&link_type=cbs">CBS 117700</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296188</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301865</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371761</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Quintaria submersa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115553&link_type=cbs">CBS 115553</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301866</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357751</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349003</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Racodium rupestre</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> L423
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU048576
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU048581
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Racodium rupestre</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> L424
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU048577
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU048582
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramichloridium apiculatum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=156.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 156.59</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296189</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371770</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ramichloridium cerophilum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=103.59&link_type=cbs">CBS 103.59</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296190</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU041855
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rasutoria tsugae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> ratstk
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF114730
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF114705
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371809</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rhytidhysterium rufulum</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=306.38&link_type=cbs">CBS 306.38</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296191</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ469672
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ238444
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349031</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rhytidhysteron rufulum</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GKM 361A
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296192</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301867</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rimora mangrovei</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> JK 5246A
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296193</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301868</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371759</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> rock isolate TRN 111
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118294&link_type=cbs">CBS 118294</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323193</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323220</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357783</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371751</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349088</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> rock isolate TRN 123
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=117932&link_type=cbs">CBS 117932</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323194</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323219</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357784</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371753</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> rock isolate TRN 137
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118300&link_type=cbs">CBS 118300</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323195</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323218</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357782</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371749</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> rock isolate TRN 138
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118301&link_type=cbs">CBS 118301</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323196</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323217</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371750</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> rock isolate TRN 152
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118346&link_type=cbs">CBS 118346</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323197</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323223</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371752</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> rock isolate TRN 211
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=117937&link_type=cbs">CBS 117937</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323198</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323222</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357785</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371754</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> rock isolate TRN 235
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=118605&link_type=cbs">CBS 118605</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323199</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357787</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371756</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349087</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> rock isolate TRN 43
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=117950&link_type=cbs">CBS 117950</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323200</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323221</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357786</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371755</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349086</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Roussoella hysterioides</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> MAFF 239636
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524480
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524621
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539101
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539114
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Roussoella hysterioides</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125434&link_type=cbs">CBS 125434</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524481
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524622
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539102
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539115
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Roussoella pustulans</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> MAFF 239637
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524482
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524623
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539103
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539116
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Roussoellopsis tosaensis</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> MAFF 239638
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524625
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539104
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB539117
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Saccharata proteae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=115206&link_type=cbs">CBS 115206</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296194</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301869</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357753</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371729</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349030</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Saccothecium sepincola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=278.32&link_type=cbs">CBS 278.32</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296195</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301870</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371745</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349029</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Schismatomma decolorans</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DUKE 0047570
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY548809
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY548815
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ883715
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ883725
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Schizothyrium pomi</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=406.61&link_type=cbs">CBS 406.61</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF134949
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF134949
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Schizothyrium pomi</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=486.50&link_type=cbs">CBS 486.50</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF134948
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF134948
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Schizothyrium pomi</italic> 3
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=228.57&link_type=cbs">CBS 228.57</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF134947
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF134947
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Scorias spongiosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=325.33&link_type=cbs">CBS 325.33</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678024
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678075
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677973
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677920
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Setomelanomma holmii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110217&link_type=cbs">CBS 110217</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296196</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301871</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371800</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349028</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Setosphaeria monoceras</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016368
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016368
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Spencermartinsia viticola</italic> (teleomorph <italic>Botryosphaeria
viticola</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=117009&link_type=cbs">CBS 117009</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678036
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678087
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357795</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677985
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Sporormiella minima</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=524.50&link_type=cbs">CBS 524.50</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678003
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678056
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677950
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677897
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Stagonospora macropycnidia</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=114202&link_type=cbs">CBS 114202</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296198</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301873</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349026</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Stylodothis puccinioides</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=193.58&link_type=cbs">CBS 193.58</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY004342
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ238427
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677886
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Sydowia polyspora</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116.29&link_type=cbs">CBS 116.29</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678005
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678058
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357791</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677953
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677899
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria associata</italic> (as <italic>Teratosphaeria
jonkershoekensis</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=112224&link_type=cbs">CBS 112224</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296200</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301874</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357744</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371723</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349025</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria cryptica</italic> (as <italic>Mycosphaerella cryptica</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110975&link_type=cbs">CBS 110975</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214602
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ852682
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria fibrillosa</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=121707&link_type=cbs">CBS 121707</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296199</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323213</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357767</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria fibrillosa</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 1876
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214506
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria stellenboschiana</italic> (as <italic>Colletogloeopsis
stellenboschiana</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116428&link_type=cbs">CBS 116428</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214583
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU019295
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Teratosphaeria suberosa</italic> (as <italic>Mycosphaerella suberosa</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> CPC 11032
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU214614
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ852718
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Tetraplosphaeria sasicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> MAFF 239677
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524490
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524631
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Thyridaria rubronotata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=419.85&link_type=cbs">CBS 419.85</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301875</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371728</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349002</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Tremateia halophila</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> JK 5517J
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296201</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371721</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Trematosphaeria pertusa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=122371&link_type=cbs">CBS 122371</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU348999</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301876</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371801</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349085</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Trichodelitschia bisporula</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=262.69&link_type=cbs">CBS 262.69</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349000</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU348996</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371812</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371802</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349020</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Trichodelitschia bisporula</italic> 2 (duplicate)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=262.69&link_type=cbs">CBS 262.69</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296202</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Trichodelitschia munkii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> Kruys201
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ384070
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ384096
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Triplosphaeria maxima</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> MAFF 239682
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524496
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AB524637
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Trypethelium nitidiusculum</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> 139
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU327728
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU327732
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Trypethelium nitidiusculum</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AFTOL 2099
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> FJ267701
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Trypethelium tropicum</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> 25
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU327730
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Tubeufia cerea</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=254.75&link_type=cbs">CBS 254.75</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471034
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470982
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471180
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470934
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471105
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Tubeufia paludosa</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=120503&link_type=cbs">CBS 120503</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296203</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301877</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357754</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371731</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349024</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Tubeufia paludosa</italic> (as anamorph <italic>Helicosporium phragmitis</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=245.49&link_type=cbs">CBS 245.49</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767649
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767654
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767643
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ767638
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Tyrannosorus pinicola</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=124.88&link_type=cbs">CBS 124.88</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471025
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470974
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471171
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470928
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471098
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ulospora bilgramii</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=110020&link_type=cbs">CBS 110020</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678025
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678076
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677974
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677921
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Venturia inaequalis</italic> 1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=594.70&link_type=cbs">CBS 594.70</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296205</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301879</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357757</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349022</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Venturia inaequalis</italic> 2
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=815.69&link_type=cbs">CBS 815.69</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296204</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301878</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357756</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349023</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Venturia inaequalis</italic> 3 (as <italic>Spilocaea pomi</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=176.42&link_type=cbs">CBS 176.42</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU348998</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349089</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Venturia populina</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=256.38&link_type=cbs">CBS 256.38</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296206</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU323212</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU357769</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Verrucisporota daviesiae</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=116002&link_type=cbs">CBS 116002</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296207</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GQ852730
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Verruculina enalia</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> JK 5253A
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678028
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678079
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677977
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677924
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Westerdykella angulata</italic> (as <italic>Eremodothis angulata</italic>)
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=610.74&link_type=cbs">CBS 610.74</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ384067
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ384105
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371805</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371821</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Westerdykella cylindrica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=454.72&link_type=cbs">CBS 454.72</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY016355
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> AY004343
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ471168
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ470925
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ497610
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Westerdykella ornata</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=379.55&link_type=cbs">CBS 379.55</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU296208</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU301880</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371803</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU349021</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Wettsteinina lacustris</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=618.86&link_type=cbs">CBS 618.86</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ678023
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677972
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> DQ677919
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Wicklowia aquatica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"> AF289-1
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU045446
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Wicklowia aquatica</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=125634&link_type=cbs">CBS 125634</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU266232
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> GU045445
</td><td align="left" valign="top"><bold>GU371813</bold></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Zasmidium cellare</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=146.36&link_type=cbs">CBS 146.36</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top"> EF137362
</td><td align="left" valign="top"> EU041878
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Zopfia rhizophila</italic></td><td align="left" valign="top"><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.studiesinmycology.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=207.26&link_type=cbs">CBS 207.26</ext-link></td><td align="left" valign="top">DQ384086
</td><td align="left" valign="top">DQ384104
</td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td><td align="left" valign="top"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn1"><label>1</label><p>BCC: Belgian Coordinated Collections of Microorganisms; CABI: International
Mycological Institute, CABI-Bioscience, Egham, Bakeham Lane, U.K.; CBS:
Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands; DAOM: Plant
Research Institute, Department of Agriculture (Mycology), Ottawa, Canada;
DUKE: Duke University Herbarium, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.; HHUF:
Herbarium of Hirosaki University, Japan; IFRDCC: Culture Collection,
International Fungal Research & Development Centre, Chinese Academy of
Forestry, Kunming, China; MAFF: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries, Japan; NBRC: NITE Biological Resource Centre, Japan; OSC: Oregon
State University Herbarium, U.S.A.; UAMH: University of Alberta Microfungus
Collection and Herbarium, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; UME: Herbarium of the
University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden; Culture and specimen
abbreviations: ANM: A.N. Miller; CPC; P.W. Crous; EB: E.W.A. Boehm; EG: E.B.G.
Jones; GKM: G.K. Mugambi; JK: J. Kohlmeyer; KT: K. Tanaka; SMH: S.M.
Huhndorf.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></p></sec><sec><title>Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses</title><p>Sequences were obtained from WASABI
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref39">Kauff <italic>et al.</italic> 2007</xref>)
as well as from previous publications (<italic>e.g.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref59">Lutzoni <italic>et al</italic>. 2004</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref78">Schoch <italic>et al</italic>. 2009a</xref>).
Introns were removed and an initial core set of 171 taxa were aligned by using
default options for a simultaneous method of estimating alignments and tree
phylogenies, SATé (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref51">Liu <italic>et
al.</italic> 2009</xref>). In order to consider codons without the insertion
of unwanted gaps, protein coding fragments were translated in BioEdit v. 7.0.1
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref28">Hall 2004</xref>) and aligned within
SATé as amino acids. These were then realigned with their respective
DNA sequences using the RevTrans 1.4 Server
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref101">Wernersson & Pedersen
2003</xref>). After the removal of intron sequences the alignment was
examined manually in BioEdit with a shade threshold of 40 % and regions with
high amounts of gap characters were excluded. This resulted in a reduction of
99 columns in the LSU data set, 118 in <italic>RPB1</italic> and 162 in <italic>RPB2</italic>,
for a total of 379. Nothing was removed for <italic>TEF1</italic>. In order to allow
for the extension of our alignment as newly generated sequences became
available from other studies in this volume, these were subsequently added to
this core alignment with MAFFT v. 6.713
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref38">Katoh <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>).
The E-INS-i setting, focused on high accuracy with a high percentage of
unalignable regions such as introns, was applied and the SATé alignment
was used as a seed. This resulted in a supermatrix of five genes (LSU, SSU
<italic>TEF1, RPB1, RPB2</italic>) consisting of 52 % gaps and undetermined characters
out of a total of 6 582 characters. GenBank accession numbers are shown in
<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl1">Table 1</xref>.</p><sec><title>Conflict tests</title><p>Conflict tests on the initial core set of 204 taxa were conducted by
selecting single gene data sets and doing comparisons on a gene by gene basis.
This was done using the “bootstopping” criterion in RAxML v. 7.0.4
(Stamatakis <italic>et al</italic>. 2008) under the CIPRES v. 2.1 webportal to produce
trees of comparative gene sets where all taxa have the gene present.
Comparisons between all potential sets of gene trees with no missing taxa were
done using a script (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref40">Kauff & Lutzoni
2002</xref>) obtained through the Lutzoni lab website and to detect
present or absent taxa within clades with a cut-off bootstrap value of 70 %.
This is described in more detail elsewhere
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref61">Miadlikowska <italic>et al.</italic>2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref78">Schoch <italic>et al.</italic>2009a</xref>).</p></sec><sec><title>Phylogeny</title><p>A phylogenetic analysis was performed using RAxML v. 7.0.4
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref91">Stamatakis 2006</xref>) applying
unique model parameters for each gene and codon. The dataset was divided in 11
partitions as previously described in Schoch <italic>et al.</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref78">2009a</xref>). A general time
reversible model (GTR) was applied with a discrete gamma distribution and four
rate classes following procedures laid out in Schoch <italic>et al</italic>. (2009).
Ten thorough maximum likelihood (ML) tree searches were done in RAxML v. 7.0.4
under the same model, each one starting from a randomised tree. Bootstrap
pseudo replicates were performed 2000 times using the fast bootstrapping
option and the best scoring tree form 10 separate runs were selected. The
resulting trees were printed with TreeDyn v. 198.3
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref12">Chevenet <italic>et al.</italic>2006</xref>). All alignments are deposited in TreeBASE. Additionally, the
data sets were analyzed in GARLI v. 0.96
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref105">Zwickl 2006</xref>) using the
GTR-gamma-invariant model. In this case 200 bootstraps were run under default
conditions.</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig2"><label>Fig. 2A–C.</label><caption><p>Best scoring ML tree with RAxML and GARLI bootstrap values respectively
above (green) and below (red) the nodes. Values below 50 % were removed and
branches with more than 90 % bootstrap for both methods are thickened without
values. Environmental sources relevant to the papers in this volume are
indicated in the key (R-Rock; M-Marine; F-Freshwater; D-Dung; B-Bamboo).
Nutritional characters are indicated by colour as per the key.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1fig2A"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="1fig2B"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="1fig2C"></graphic></fig></p></sec><sec><title>Ancestral reconstruction</title><p>Ancestral reconstructions were performed in Mesquite v. 2.6 with character
states traced over 2000 bootstrapped trees obtained with RAxML-MPI v. 7.0.4
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref91">Stamatakis 2006</xref>). Following
the phylogeny presented (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig.
2</xref>) this reconstruction was performed with a maximum-likelihood
criterion using the single parameter Mk1 model. Ancestral states were assigned
to a node if the raw likelihood was higher by at least 2 log units than the
likelihood value of the other ancestral state(s) according to default
settings. Character states were also mapped using TreeDyn v. 198.3
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref12">Chevenet <italic>et al.</italic>2006</xref>), shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Fig.
3</xref>. This is presented as a clockwise circular tree, starting with
outgroup taxa. Only clades with more than two taxa of the same state are shown
and bootstrap recovery was not considered in assigning character states. In
applying the character states of saprobes (including rock heterotrophs), plant
associated fungi (including pathogens, endophytes and mycorrhizae) and
lichenised fungi the broad concepts presented were followed as laid out in
Schoch <italic>et al.</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref78">2009a</xref>). Some character
assessments were taken from Zhang <italic>et al</italic>.
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref107">2009</xref>; this volume).
Ecological characters of sampling sources, terrestrial, fresh water and marine
were assessed based on papers elsewhere in this volume
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref93">Suetrong <italic>et al</italic>.
2009</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref83">Shearer <italic>et al</italic>.
2009</xref>).</p></sec><sec><title>Genome analyses</title><p>A MCL (Markov Cluster Algorithm) protein analysis of 52 fungi and one
metazoan (<italic>Drosophila melanogaster</italic>)
(<xref ref-type="table" rid="tbl2">Table 2</xref> - see online
Supplementary Information) and the phylogenetic placement of these species was
used to characterise the phylogenetic profile of each cluster.
<italic>Chytridiomycota</italic> and <italic>Mucoromycotina</italic> each were represented by
one and two species, respectively. In <italic>Dikarya, Basidiomycota</italic> and
<italic>Ascomycota</italic> were represented by 8 and 40 species respectively. The
<italic>Pezizomycotina</italic> (filamentous ascomycetes) was presented by 26 species
in four classes [<italic>Sordariomycetes</italic> (12), <italic>Leotiomycetes</italic> (2),
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> (6) and <italic>Eurotiomycetes</italic> (6)].</p><p><table-wrap position="float" id="tbl2"><label>Table 2.</label><caption><p>Genomes used for phylogenetic profile. All are opisthokonts; remaining
classifications used in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4">Fig. 4</xref>are indicated in columns: Do – <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>, ED -
<italic>Eurotiomycetes & Dothideomycetes</italic>, S – Saccharomyceta, A
– <italic>Ascomycota</italic>, Di — <italic>Dikarya</italic>, MD -
<italic>Mucoromycotina & Dikarya</italic>, CMD - <italic>Chytridiomycota</italic>, F -
<italic>Fungi</italic>.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left"><bold>Genomes</bold></th><th valign="top" colspan="8" align="center"><bold>Classifications</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Alternaria brassicicola</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"> Do
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> ED
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cochliobolus heterostrophus</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"> Do
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> ED
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella fijiensis</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"> Do
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> ED
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycosphaerella graminicola</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"> Do
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> ED
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"> Do
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> ED
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Stagonospora nodorum</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"> Do
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> ED
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> ED
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Aspergillus nidulans</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> ED
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Aspergillus terreus</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> ED
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Coccidioides immitis</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> ED
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Histoplasma capsulatum</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> ED
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Uncinocarpus reesii</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> ED
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ashbya gossypii</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Botrytis cinerea</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Candida albicans</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Candida glabrata</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Candida guilliermondii</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Candida lusitaniae</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Chaetomium globosum</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Debaryomyces hansenii</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Fusarium graminearum</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Fusarium oxysporum</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Fusarium verticillioides</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Kluyveromyces lactis</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Laccaria bicolor</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Lodderomyces elongisporus</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Magnaporthe grisea</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Nectria haematococca</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Neurospora crassa</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Pichia stipitis</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Podospora anserina</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Sporobolomyces roseus</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Trichoderma atroviride</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Trichoderma reseei</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Trichoderma virens</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Verticillium dahliae</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Yarrowia lipolytica</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> S
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Schizosaccharomyces japonicus</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Schizosaccharomyces octosporus</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> A
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Coprinus cinereus</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Cryptococcus neoformans</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Postia placenta</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Puccinia graminis</italic> f. <italic>sp. tritici</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Ustilago maydis</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> Di
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Phycomyces blakesleeanus</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Rhizopus oryzae</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> MD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> CMD
</td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"> F
</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><italic>Drosophila melanogaster</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td><td align="center" valign="top"></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p></sec></sec></sec><sec><title>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION</title><sec><title>Taxon sampling</title><p>The phylogram presented in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig.
2</xref> represents the largest ever phylogenetic assessment of
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> to date. Here the focus has been on expanding taxon
diversity in the class while specifically avoiding a small number of taxa that
other analyses suggest reside on long unstable branches. This still allowed
for an extensive sweep of dothideomycete taxon diversity; in doing so we
followed the premise of allowing for missing data in our supermatrix
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref102">Wiens 2006</xref>). An effort was
made to intersperse taxa with poor character sampling amongst those having
better sampling throughout the tree, but the inclusion of missing characters
could still have unanticipated effects on phylogenetic assessments
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref48">Lemmon <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>).
While recognising this caveat, a recent expansive data set covering all of
<italic>Ascomycota</italic> noted very little changes in major nodes even after the
removal of taxa with high proportions of missing characters
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref78">Schoch <italic>et al.</italic>2009a</xref>). The phylogeny presented here agrees well with broad
phylogenies in this volume and elsewhere
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref77">Schoch <italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref13">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2007a</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref106">Zhang <italic>et al.</italic> 2008</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref17">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2009b</xref>).
After all introns and 379 ambiguous character positions were removed, the
matrix consisted of 52 % missing and indeterminate characters. This
maximum-likelihood analysis had 5 069 distinct alignment patterns and produced
a best known likely tree with a log likelihood of -207247.761117.</p></sec><sec><title>Evolution of nutritional modes</title><p>The ancestral reconstructions in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">Fig.
3</xref> indicate that phytopathogenicity can be confined to a number of
terminal clades throughout the tree and that these always reside within
saprobic lineages. A maximum of seven transitions likely occurred in several
lineages of the orders <italic>Pleosporales, Capnodiales</italic> and singular
lineages in <italic>Myriangiales, Botryosphaeriales</italic> and <italic>Venturiaceae</italic>(also see in this volume; Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2009a,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref107">Zhang <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>).
Several transitions to lichenisation have also occurred, although phylogenetic
uncertainty may limit this to a minimum of two. Due to the use of lichenised
<italic>Arthoniomycetes</italic> as outgroup a broader assessment is required to
determine whether the <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> evolved from a lichenised
ancestor. Previous studies suggested that the saprobic habit is an ancestral
trait but only with marginal support
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref78">Schoch <italic>et al.</italic>2009a</xref>). Similar conclusions can be reached for the aquatic
ecological characters – the majority of fresh water and marine clades
reside within terrestrial clades as has been shown previously <italic>e.g.</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref90">Spatafora <italic>et al.</italic>1998</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref99">Vijaykrishna <italic>et
al.</italic> 2006</xref>). Transitions from a terrestrial life style to fresh
water likely occurred at least three times and transitions to marine
environments up to six times. Phylogenetic uncertainty for the placement of
some marine clades can limit this to a minimum of four times
(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2</xref>). Reversions from
aquatic to terrestrial environments are rare, with one possible exception in
the <italic>Lentitheciaceae</italic> where bambusicolous saprobes reside, nested
within several fungi occurring in freshwater habitats (for additional details
see <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref107">Zhang <italic>et al.</italic>2009</xref>; this volume). Phylogenetic resolution will have to improve
to test this further.</p><p>An analysis of recently released genomes was compared to consider whether
genome composition reinforces phylogenetic support for
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4">Fig.
4</xref>). Relative to a clustering analysis of proteins from 52
sequenced fungi and <italic>Drosophila melanogaster</italic>, about 5 515 protein
coding genes from <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> shared protein clusters with
proteins from other dothideomycete fungi only. This comprises roughly
8–11 % of the protein coding genes in each of six sequenced
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>. The species profile of each protein cluster was used
to assign a phylogenetically informed designation. The profiles most
frequently seen were those of the most conserved proteins, namely clusters
designated as having a shared Ophistokont phylogenetic profile. Among the more
derived nodes of the <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>, protein clusters were observed
that had a species composition that could reflect the result of selection
pressure on more distantly related fungi that share the same niche.</p><p>A phylogenomic profile (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4">Fig.
4</xref>) of the proteins from six <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> from the two
largest orders seen in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">Fig. 1</xref>is presented (<italic>Mycosphaerella graminicola, Mycosphaerella fijiensis,
Phaeosphaeria nodorum, Alternaria brassicicola, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis,
Cochliobolus heterostrophus</italic>). The highest percentage of proteins
(excluding species specific proteins) were conserved outside kingdom
<italic>Fungi</italic> (Ophistokont node, 23 %), followed by proteins specific for the
<italic>Dikarya</italic> (14 %) and the <italic>Pezizomycotina</italic> (13 %). This breakdown
was also prevalent within other <italic>Pezizomycotina</italic> classes. Approximately
8 % of the proteins from the six <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> were conserved
across and within derived nodes in this class. Relative to this analysis 28 %
of the proteins were specific to the <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> (including
species specific proteins). The other class containing loculoascomyetes,
<italic>Eurotiomycetes,</italic> had 19.5 % proteins characterised as class specific.
This means the percentage dothideomycete specific proteins were about 8.5 %
more. <italic>Eurotiomycetes</italic> in the analysis were mostly human pathogens,
with most having no known sexual state whereas the <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> in
the analysis were all plant pathogens and mostly with known sexual states.
This breakdown of nutritional modes, although not comprehensive for these two
classes, is somewhat representative. In <italic>Eurotiomycetes</italic> human
pathogens are more diverse and plant pathogens uncommon, with the converse
being true for <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>. Both classes contain melanised
species with similar morphologies and more comprehensive comparative studies
need to expand sampling to incorporate species from the different nutritional
modes for both classes.</p><p><fig position="float" id="fig3"><label>Fig. 3.</label><caption><p>Simplified ancestral state reconstructions, showing potential transitions
between character states. The same phylogeny as in
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2A–C</xref> is shown, with
the outgroups positioned at twelve o' clock and subsequent clades arranged in
a clockwise manner. Characters were traced over 2 000 bootstrap trees and
those that were recovered in the majority are coloured on the nodes. In the
case of equivocal construction no colour was used (white). To simplify the
figure, only clades with two or more neighbouring character states are
shown.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1fig3"></graphic></fig></p><p><fig position="float" id="fig4"><label>Fig. 4.</label><caption><p>Pie chart showing relative numbers of unique proteins per genome according
to taxonomic classification.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="1fig4"></graphic></fig></p></sec><sec><title>Phylogenetic relationships</title><p>In the phylogram presented (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig.
2</xref>) the two dothideomycete subclasses previously described based on
presence or absence of pseudoparaphyses
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref77">Schoch <italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>)
could be recovered with varying levels of bootstrap representation. Subclass
<italic>Pleosporomycetidae</italic> previously included <italic>Pleosporales</italic> plus a
single species, representing <italic>Mytilinidiaceae</italic>, namely <italic>Lophium
mytilinum</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref77">Schoch <italic>et al.</italic>2006</xref>). Taxon sampling for the <italic>Mytilinidiaceae</italic> was
considerably expanded by Boehm <italic>et al</italic>.
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref9">2009b</xref>), with the addition of a
number of new taxa, leading to the establishment of the
<italic>Mytilinidiales</italic>. Likewise, extensive taxon sampling for the family
<italic>Hysteriaceae</italic> led to a newly redefined <italic>Hysteriales</italic> also
included in this subclass (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref8">Boehm <italic>et
al.</italic> 2009a</xref>; this volume). It appears that persistent,
hysteriaceous carbonaceous ascomata that dehisce via a longitudinal slit
(<italic>e.g.</italic>, hysterothecia) have evolved multiple times within
<italic>Pleosporomycetidae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref63">Mugambi &
Huhndorf 2009</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref64">Mugambi &
Huhndorf 2009</xref>). <italic>Pleosporomycetidae</italic> can be expanded to
tentatively include <italic>Jahnulales</italic>(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2B</xref>) based on strong
bootstrap support from RAxML analyses and morphology. Perithecioid ascomata
and a hamathecium of wide cellular pseudoparaphyses are characteristic of
<italic>Jahnulales</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref34">Inderbitzin <italic>et
al.</italic> 2001</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref69">Pang <italic>et
al.</italic> 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref83">Shearer <italic>et
al.</italic> 2009</xref>; this volume) and agree with diagnostic features for
<italic>Pleosporomycetidae</italic>. We also recommend that the definition of the
subclass be reassessed with more inclusive character sets. Also,
<italic>Leptosphaerulina</italic> species characterised by the absence of
pseudoparaphyses reside within the pseudoparaphysate <italic>Pleosporales</italic>(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2C</xref>;
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref86">Silva-Hanlin & Hanlin
1999</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref43">Kodsueb <italic>et al.</italic>2006</xref>), indicating that pseudoparaphyses could have been lost
multiple times. It should be noted that the maturity of ascomata may play an
important role in these assessments. Immature specimens may contain
pseudoparaphyses that dehisce when mature and these characteristics need to be
evaluated with more complete sampling of the numerous aparaphysate taxa still
listed as <italic>incertae sedis</italic>. The second subclass,
<italic>Dothideomycetidae,</italic> previously circumscribed based on the absence of
pseudoparaphyses remains well supported
(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2C</xref>).</p><p>The results of this study provided continued support for ten orders within
class <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>, namely <italic>Pleosporales, Hysteriales,
Mytilinidiales, Patellariales, Botryosphaeriales, Jahnulales, Dothideales,
Capnodiales, Myriangiales</italic> and <italic>Trypetheliales</italic>. The latter order
was recently proposed (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">Aptroot <italic>et
al.</italic> 2008</xref>) and represents the largest lichen forming clade in
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>. Another recently proposed order,
<italic>Botryosphaeriales</italic> includes only the single family,
<italic>Botryosphaeriaceae</italic>. The analysis
(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2B</xref>), however, shows
strong support for a narrower interpretation of the
<italic>Botryosphaeriaceae,</italic> typified by <italic>Botryosphaeria dothidea</italic> and
related genera, excluding a separate clade of species residing in
<italic>Guignardia</italic> (with <italic>Phyllosticta</italic> anamorphs). <italic>Bagnisiella
examinens</italic> and <italic>Saccharata protea</italic> did not reside in either of the
above clades, placed on early diverging branches. A more extensive taxon
sampling is required to address the diversity in this order, which most likely
will validate the separation of additional families. Another currently
accepted order, <italic>Microthyriales</italic>, consisting of species occurring as
saprobes or epiphytes on stems and leaves is represented in this study by only
a single sample, <italic>Microthyrium microscopicum</italic>(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2C</xref>). Members of this
order are poorly represented in culture and have unusual thyrothecial ascomata
that have a scutate covering comprising a thin layer of radiating cells. This
structure is generally lacking a basal layer and is quite unlike any
morphologies in other orders. This positioning adjacent to the plant parasitic
<italic>Venturiaceae</italic> and coprophilic <italic>Phaeotrichaceae</italic>, is unexpected
but since the single representative of the <italic>Microthyriales</italic> is on a
long branch this is a relationship that will require more intensive taxon
sampling.</p><p>Additional families that could not be placed in an order are
<italic>Tubeufiaceae</italic> and <italic>Gloniaceae</italic>(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2B</xref>). Species in
<italic>Tubeufiaceae</italic> have superficial clustered ascomata and characteristic
bitunicate asci with relatively long ascospores, often with helicosporous
anamorphs (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref44">Kodsueb <italic>et al.</italic>2008</xref>). Members of <italic>Tubeufiaceae</italic>, which frequently occur in
freshwater habitats include anamorph genera, such as <italic>Helicoon</italic> and
<italic>Helicodendron,</italic> and are ecologically classified as aeroaquatic
species. A few teleomorph taxa such as <italic>Tubeufia asiana</italic> occur on
submerged wood (Tsui <italic>et al</italic>. 2007), and <italic>Tubeufia paludosa</italic>occur on herbaceous substrates in wet habitats
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref100">Webster 1951</xref>). The
<italic>Gloniaceae</italic> are saprobic, have dichotomously branched, laterally
anastomosed pseudothecia that form radiating pseudo-stellate composites and
dehisce by an inconspicuous, longitudinal, but evaginated slit. They reside
sister to the saprobic <italic>Mytilinidiales</italic> but due to conspicuous
morphological differences and moderate statistical support they are placed in
<italic>Pleosporomycetidae incertae sedis</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref8">Boehm <italic>et al.</italic> 2009a</xref>,
this volume).</p><p>Several other well supported clades representing families were evident in
this study (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2</xref>). These
include several families in <italic>Pleosporales,</italic> treated elsewhere
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref107">Zhang <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>;
this volume). Other clades have lower levels of support. For example
<italic>Leptosphaeriaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig.
2A</xref>) have moderate bootstrap support and it is treated in the very
broad sense here. There was also support for several newly described families
treated in different papers within this volume. In <italic>Pleosporales</italic> these
include <italic>Amniculicolaceae</italic> and <italic>Lentitheciaceae</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref107">Zhang <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>;
this volume). The <italic>Lindgomycetaceae</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref83">Shearer <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>;
this volume, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref32">Hirayama <italic>et al.</italic>2010</xref>) encompassing a majority of species isolated from fresh water
habitats. Two other novel families, <italic>Aigialaceae</italic> and
<italic>Morosphaeriaceae</italic> include mainly marine species
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref93">Suetrong <italic>et al.</italic>2009</xref>; this volume). In addition to these, the sampling of a wide
diversity of fungi on bamboo yielded the description of
<italic>Tetraplosphaeriaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref94">Tanaka
<italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>; this volume). Another novel family,
<italic>Dissoconiaceae,</italic> is proposed by
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref15">Crous <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>(this volume) for foliicolous commensalists on <italic>Eucalyptus</italic> leaves,
some of which are putative hyper parasites and reside in
<italic>Capnodiales.</italic></p><p>Results of this study suggest that sampling within existing families also
requires continued expansion as familial definitions in
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> remains problematic. A paper focused on two families,
with poor representation in molecular data sets, <italic>Melanommataceae</italic> and
<italic>Lophiostomataceae</italic> addresses this in more detail
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref63">Mugambi & Huhndorf
2009</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref64">Mugambi & Huhndorf
2009</xref>; this volume). Numerous other clades in our tree remain
without familial placement. This includes a diverse group in
<italic>Capnodiales</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2C, clade
C</xref>) a newly described group of hysteriaceous fungi in
<italic>Pleosporales</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2A, clade
G</xref>) and additional marine lineages (clades H, L,
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2A</xref>). An interesting clade
tentatively circumdescribed by Zhang <italic>et al</italic>.
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref107">2009</xref>; this volume) as
<italic>Massariaceae</italic> contains bambusicolous fungi and appears related to the
lichenised <italic>Arthopyreniaceae</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig.
2A</xref>).</p><p>Finally, a clade including <italic>Corynespora</italic> anamorphs (clade K,
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2A</xref>) is placed for the
first time, but without clear relationship to any other currently defined
families. The genus <italic>Corynespora</italic> includes anamorphic fungi with
tretic, percurrent, and acropetal conidiogenesis. The melanised, pseudoseptate
conidia have a pronounced hilum from which the conidial germ tube emerges and
are borne apically from solitary, melanised conidiophores. Though nearly 100
species are described based on differences in morphology, considerable
phenotypic plasticity within individual isolates complicates species
recognition, and molecular analyses that may result in taxonomic clarification
have not been done. <italic>Corynespora</italic> species fill a diversity of roles as
saprobes, pathogens, and endophytes on and in woody and herbaceous plants,
other fungi, nematodes, and human skin
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref18">Dixon <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>).
One of the species represented here, <italic>C. cassiicola</italic> is an important
pathogen of rubber. The teleomorphic fungi <italic>Pleomassaria swidae</italic>(<italic>Pleomassariaceae</italic>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref95">Tanaka <italic>et
al.</italic> 2005</xref>) and <italic>Corynesporasca caryotae</italic>(<italic>Corynesporascaceae</italic>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref87">Sivanesan
1996</xref>) have unnamed <italic>Corynespora</italic> species as anamorphs. In
this study, species currently placed in <italic>Corynespora</italic> are not
monophyletic and are positioned in at least two families:
<italic>Massarinaceae</italic> and Clade K (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig.
2A</xref>).</p></sec><sec><title>Anamorph taxa</title><p>The previously mentioned <italic>Dissoconiaceae</italic> relies on taxonomic
descriptions based on anamorph characters. This is a theme that is expected to
continue for mitosporic taxa in <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> as molecular data
accelerates their integration. The artificial nature of the
“higher” taxa of anamorphs <italic>e.g.</italic>, deuteromycetes
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref41">Kirk <italic>et al.</italic> 2001</xref>) is
now well recognised, but the integration of anamorphs into the phylogenetic
classification of teleomorphs remains a significant challenge in fungal
systematics (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref84">Shenoy <italic>et al.</italic>2007</xref>). The correlation of teleomorphs and anamorphs
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref80">Seifert <italic>et al.</italic> 2000</xref>)
is not always predictive but it has been applied in some genera within
<italic>Dothideomycetes, e.g. Botryosphaeria</italic> and <italic>Mycosphaerella</italic>(Crous <italic>et al.</italic> <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref16">2006</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref17">2009b</xref>). However, numerous
examples underscoring anamorph convergence can be found throughout the class
<italic>e.g. Dictyosporium</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref97">Tsui <italic>et
al.</italic> 2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref44">Kodsueb <italic>et
al.</italic> 2008</xref>),<italic> Sporidesmium</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref85">Shenoy <italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>),
<italic>Cladosporium</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref14">Crous <italic>et
al.</italic> 2007b</xref>) and <italic>Phoma</italic>(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2A</xref>;
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">Aveskamp <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref25">de Gruyter <italic>et al.</italic>2009</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref104">Woudenberg <italic>et
al.</italic> 2009</xref>) as well as <italic>Fusicoccum</italic> and
<italic>Diplodia</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref16">Crous <italic>et al.</italic>2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref71">Phillips <italic>et al.</italic>2008</xref>). The use of large multigene phylogenies will be essential to
bring taxonomic order to cryptic anamorph lineages.</p></sec><sec><title>Ecological diversity</title><p>Besides the unclassified diversity found in anamorphic genera, numerous
ecological niches contain diverse lineages of fungi lacking systematically
sampled molecular characters. Several examples of this knowledge gap can be
found in papers in this volume. In this regard, the rock inhabiting fungi are
amongst the least understood. These fungi exist ubiquitously as melanised,
slow growing colonies and that usually do not produce generative structures.
They subsist on bare rock surfaces and are consequently highly tolerant of the
environmental stresses induced by lack of nutrients, water and extremes in
radiation and temperature (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref68">Palmer <italic>et
al.</italic> 1990</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref92">Sterflinger
1998</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref74">Ruibal 2004</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref24">Gorbushina <italic>et al.</italic>2008</xref>). Members of this ecological guild are diverse and occur in
two classes – <italic>Eurotiomycetes</italic> and <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref75">Ruibal <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>(this volume) present the results of an expanded sampling of rock-inhabiting
fungi that include lineages residing within <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> and
sister class <italic>Arthoniomycetes</italic>. These rock inhabiting fungi can be
placed in <italic>Capnodiales, Pleosporales, Dothideales</italic> and
<italic>Myriangiales</italic>, as well as some unclassified lineages of
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>. Interestingly, some associated lineages were without
clear placement within either <italic>Arthoniomycetes</italic> or
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>. The rock isolates included in
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2C</xref> illustrate a subsection
of genetic diversity seen in these extremophiles, in particular for the
<italic>Capnodiales</italic>, with two rock isolates-rich lineages
<italic>Teratosphaeriaceae</italic> and Clade C
(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2C</xref>). A more detailed
analysis (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref75">Ruibal <italic>et al.</italic>2009</xref>; this volume) allows for the presentation of hypotheses
related to evolution of pathogenicity and lichenisation because these modes of
nutrition are often found in close proximity of rock inhabiting fungal
lineages.</p><p>The lichenised fungi allied with the <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> represent
another poorly sampled group of fungi. Several lichenised species remain
enigmatically placed after they were confirmed as members of
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> based on DNA sequence data
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref56">Lumbsch <italic>et al.</italic> 2005</xref>,
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref70">Del Prado <italic>et al.</italic>2006</xref>). Although the number of species is comparatively small,
their placement can play an important link in determining how transitions to
and from lichenisation influenced dothideomycete evolution.
<italic>Trypetheliaceae</italic> known for its anastomosing, branched pseudoparaphyses
was until very recently still placed within <italic>Pyrenulales</italic>, an
ascohymenial order in <italic>Eurotiomycetes</italic>, based on bitunicate asci and
lense-shaped lumina in the ascospores (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref70">Del
Prado <italic>et al.</italic> 2006</xref>). Attempts to resolve members of this
family remain challenging as they tend to occur on long, rapidly evolving
branches in our phylogenetic analyses, which often lead to artifacts.
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref67">Nelsen <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>(this volume) demonstrate the occurrence of two additional lichen-forming
lineages within <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> representing the families
<italic>Strigulaceae</italic> and <italic>Monoblastiaceae</italic>. The delineation of
lichenised family <italic>Arthopyreniaceae</italic> should continue to be assessed
given their placement with a clade containing bambusicolous fungi
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref94">Tanaka <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>;
this volume) and their non monophyly is also confirmed elsewhere
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref67">Nelsen <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>;
this volume). The relationship between the lichenised groups and bambusicolous
genera <italic>Roussoella</italic> and <italic>Roussoellopsis</italic>(<italic>Didymosphaeriaceae;</italic> <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref37">Ju <italic>et
al.</italic> 1996</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref54">Lumbsch &
Huhndorf 2007</xref>) is strongly supported, but their affinity is not
fully understood due to their considerable morphological differences.</p><p>The fungi collected from marine and freshwater habitats contain yet more
varied species that have not been assessed well within a molecular based
framework. Their diversity is supported by the fact that whole orders
(<italic>Jahnulales</italic>) and several families, already mentioned, almost
exclusively consist of species collected from these environments. A recent
assessment of marine fungi tallied a number of more than 500 species with more
than a fifth of these suggested to reside in <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref36">Jones <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>).
The number for fungi from fresh water habitats is somewhat lower (about 170
taxa).</p><p>Despite similarities in their preferred medium for spore dispersal (water)
an examination of phylogenetic diversity within <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>indicates that these groups of fungi tend to reside in divergent parts of the
tree (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">2</xref>,
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">3</xref>). However, some exceptions
may occur: For example, members of <italic>Aigialaceae</italic> are weakly supported
to share ancestry with members of freshwater clade <italic>Lindgomycetaceae</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref72">Raja <italic>et al.</italic> 2010</xref>).
The <italic>Jahnulales</italic> represents another recently delineated aquatic lineage
with an interesting mixture of fresh water and marine taxa. It was delineated
based on molecular and morphological data
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref34">Inderbitzin <italic>et al.</italic>2001</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref69">Pang <italic>et al.</italic>2002</xref>) and now contains four genera and several species
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref10">Campbell <italic>et al.</italic>2007</xref>). Previously, two anamorphic species in the <italic>Jahnulales,
Xylomyces rhizophorae</italic> (described from mangrove wood of
<italic>Rhizophora)</italic> and <italic>X. chlamydosporus</italic> have been reported from
mangroves and thus saline habitats
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref45">Kohlmeyer & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer
1998</xref>). It has further been documented that <italic>X.
chlamydosporus</italic> is the anamorph of <italic>Jahnula aquatica,</italic> a freshwater
species (Sivichai, pers. comm.).</p><p>Marine <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> generally exist in association with algae
and plants in marine and brackish environments, usually with intertidal or
secondary marine plants (<italic>e.g.</italic>, mangroves). The majority of these
fungi have been classified in families and genera that comprise mostly
terrestrial species (<italic>e.g., Pleospora</italic>) and no definitive clades of
marine <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> have been identified. Here we find support for
diverse aquatic lineages similar to the situation in <italic>Sordariomycetes</italic>.
Papers by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref93">Suetrong <italic>et al.</italic>2009</xref> (this volume) and <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref83">Shearer
<italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref> (this volume) continue to address this
disparity by using multigene phylogenies to describe several lineages within a
class wide context. In contrast, many marine members of the
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> await interrogation at the DNA sequence level,
especially the genera <italic>Belizeana, Thalassoascus, Lautospora</italic> and
<italic>Loratospora,</italic> all exclusively marine taxa.</p><p>The final environmentally defined group sampled in this volume is the
bambusicolous fungi. More than 1 100 fungal species have been described or
recorded worldwide from bamboo (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref33">Hyde
<italic>et al.</italic> 2002</xref>). Furthermore, their ecological
specialisation as pathogens, saprophytes, and endophytes has been relatively
well documented (<italic>e.g.</italic> <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref31">Hino
1961</xref>). However, relatively few studies based on DNA sequence
comparisons have been undertaken for many bambusicolous fungi. Several unique
lineages, <italic>e.g.</italic> the <italic>Katumotoa bambusicola</italic>-<italic>Ophiosphaerella
sasicola</italic> clade in a freshwater lineage (<italic>Lentitheciaceae</italic>) and the
<italic>Roussoella</italic>-<italic>Roussoellopsis</italic> clade close to lichen-forming
families could be found (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig.
2</xref>). Particularly, a new family <italic>Tetraplosphaeriaceae</italic>including five new genera characterised by a <italic>Tetraploa</italic> anamorph
<italic>s. l.</italic> is introduced as a lineage of fungi with bamboo habitat
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref94">Tanaka <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>;
this volume). It is clear that much additional diversity within this group of
fungi remains to be sampled using DNA sequence data</p><p>A number of other niches remain poorly discussed in this volume.
Coprophilous fungi occur in three families <italic>Delitschiaceae,
Phaeotrichaceae</italic>, and <italic>Sporormiaceae</italic>(<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Figs 2A, C</xref>). These families
are not closely related and it is clear that the fimicolous life style has
arisen more than once in the <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>. Also, many species from
these groups are not strictly dung-inhabiting, but can be found on other
substrates like soil, wood, and plant-debris. Interestingly, some are human
pathogens, plant endophytes and lichenicolous fungi. As is true throughout the
<italic>Ascomycota,</italic> a change in substrate is apparently not a substantial
evolutionary step in these taxa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref46">Kruys
& Wedin 2009</xref>).</p></sec><sec><title>Additional observations</title><p>Several orders <italic>e.g. Dothideales, Myriangiales</italic> and
<italic>Microthyriales</italic> have not been treated using the extensive systematic
sampling that is true for studies treated in this volume. However, individual
smaller studies continue to provide interesting and surprising results. One
such example is the first described meristematic and endoconidial species
residing in <italic>Myriangiales</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig.
2C</xref>) reported by Tsuneda <italic>et al.</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref98">2008</xref>). These
<italic>Endosporium</italic> species were isolated from very different substrates such
as: poplar twigs and a dead bird. They also have a close relationship to a
single lineage of rock inhabiting fungi. The nutritional shifts represented by
these closely related species correlate well with scenarios described by
Ruibal <italic>et al.</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref75">2009</xref>;
this volume) for rock inhabiting fungi. Another melanised meristematic fungus,
<italic>Sarcinomyces crustaceus</italic>, isolated from pine trees appears in a
similar position in a phylogeny presented in the aforementioned paper
(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref75">Ruibal <italic>et al.</italic> 2009</xref>;
this volume).</p><p>Another unusual species, <italic>Catinella olivacea</italic> is included in
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2C</xref>, but without any
clearly resolved position, diverging early to <italic>Dothideomycetidae</italic>. This
species was initially placed in <italic>Leotiomycetes,</italic> due to their flattened
apothecia, found on the underside of moist, well-decayed logs of hardwood.
Asci are unitunicate but they appear to form after ascolocular development. As
in the previous analysis, it was not possible to identify relationships
between this species and any known order, although there are indications of a
close relationship with the <italic>Dothideomycetidae</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref26">Greif <italic>et al.</italic>2007</xref>).</p><p>The placement of the single asexual mycorrhizal lineage representing
<italic>Cenococcum geophilum</italic> in the <italic>Dothideomycetes</italic>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref53">LoBuglio <italic>et al.</italic>1996</xref>), allied to members of the saprobic <italic>Gloniaceae</italic> is
intriguing (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">Fig. 2B</xref>;
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref8">Boehm <italic>et al.</italic> 2009a</xref>;
this volume). No resolved placement for this species in
<italic>Dothideomycetes</italic> has been possible in the past. The results of this
study were also unexpected because no biological data suggest a connection to
the family. <italic>Cenococcum</italic> is a fungus that is intensively used in
environmental studies and this could suggest a very interesting biology for
members of the ostensibly saprobic <italic>Gloniaceae</italic>. Results of this study
advocate a more expansive sampling of <italic>Cenococcum</italic> in order to confirm
this intriguing result.</p></sec></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>One of the major obstacles in dothideomycete systematics remains the lack
of a clear understanding of what species are members of the class based on
morphology alone. Throughout most of the 20<sup>th</sup> Century, comparative
morphological studies have been the only character on which to base
phylogenetic relationships. The advent of large DNA-sequence data sets should
allow for a substantially improved interpretation of morphological characters
for this class of fungi. Studies in this volume and elsewhere have provided a
clear understanding that many of the characters classically used in taxonomy
and systematics of the group are homoplastic and not helpful for
reconstructing phylogenetic relationships. Dothideomycete taxonomy also needs
to keep pace with the rapid advances being made in phylogenetics, genomics and
related fields. The important principle here is that our classification should
communicate diversity accurately and allow dothideomycete biologists from
disparate fields to have access to an agreed upon set of taxonomic names to
aid communication. In addition, it should allow for a focus on under-sampled
groups and clades (i.e. poorly sampled saprobes and others). A major task
ahead will be to add asexual genera to present phylogenetic schemes, and
integrate these into the existing familial and ordinal classification. As most
of these asexual genera are in fact poly- and paraphyletic, their type species
will need to be recollected to clarify their phylogenetic position. In
addition to this, it appears that even some concepts of teleomorphic taxa will
require extensive reconsideration. Finally, we should attempt to incorporate
valuable biological information from past workers, such as the three
mycologists to which this volume is dedicated, by reliably assessing culture
and sequence identity. It is hoped that the papers in this volume will make a
meaningful contribution towards these goals.</p></sec></body><back><ack><p>Authors from individual papers in this volume contributed to this work and
specific acknowledgements to that regard can be found in individual papers.
Work performed for this paper by the first author after 2008 was supported in
part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Library of
Medicine. Part of this work was also funded by grants from NSF (DEB-0717476)
to J. W. Spatafora (and C.L. Schoch until 2008) and (DEB-0732993) to J.W.
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