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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Delay and failure in treatment seeking after first onset of
mental disorders in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey
Initiative</title>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Philip S" sort="Wang, Philip S" uniqKey="Wang P" first="Philip S" last="Wang">Philip S. Wang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Division of Service and Intervention Research, National Institute of Mental Health, 6001 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Angermeyer, Matthias" sort="Angermeyer, Matthias" uniqKey="Angermeyer M" first="Matthias" last="Angermeyer">Matthias Angermeyer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Germany;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borges, Guilherme" sort="Borges, Guilherme" uniqKey="Borges G" first="Guilherme" last="Borges">Guilherme Borges</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruffaerts, Ronny" sort="Bruffaerts, Ronny" uniqKey="Bruffaerts R" first="Ronny" last="Bruffaerts">Ronny Bruffaerts</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tat Chiu, Wai" sort="Tat Chiu, Wai" uniqKey="Tat Chiu W" first="Wai" last="Tat Chiu">Wai Tat Chiu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Girolamo, Giovanni" sort="De Girolamo, Giovanni" uniqKey="De Girolamo G" first="Giovanni" last="De Girolamo">Giovanni De Girolamo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Mental Health, Local Health Unit, Bologna, Italy;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fayyad, John" sort="Fayyad, John" uniqKey="Fayyad J" first="John" last="Fayyad">John Fayyad</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut,Lebanon;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gureje, Oye" sort="Gureje, Oye" uniqKey="Gureje O" first="Oye" last="Gureje">Oye Gureje</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haro, Josep Maria" sort="Haro, Josep Maria" uniqKey="Haro J" first="Josep Maria" last="Haro">Josep Maria Haro</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Sant Joan de Deu - Mental Health Services, Barcelona, Spain;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Yueqin" sort="Huang, Yueqin" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yueqin" last="Huang">Yueqin Huang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kessler, Ronald C" sort="Kessler, Ronald C" uniqKey="Kessler R" first="Ronald C" last="Kessler">Ronald C. Kessler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kovess, Viviane" sort="Kovess, Viviane" uniqKey="Kovess V" first="Viviane" last="Kovess">Viviane Kovess</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">MGEN Foundation for Public Health, Paris, France;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levinson, Daphna" sort="Levinson, Daphna" uniqKey="Levinson D" first="Daphna" last="Levinson">Daphna Levinson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">Research and Planning, Mental Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakane, Yoshibumi" sort="Nakane, Yoshibumi" uniqKey="Nakane Y" first="Yoshibumi" last="Nakane">Yoshibumi Nakane</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Division of Human Sociology, Nagasaki International University Graduate School, Nagasaki, Japan;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oakley Brown, Mark A" sort="Oakley Brown, Mark A" uniqKey="Oakley Brown M" first="Mark A" last="Oakley Brown">Mark A. Oakley Brown</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Rural and Indigenous Health, School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ormel, Johan H" sort="Ormel, Johan H" uniqKey="Ormel J" first="Johan H" last="Ormel">Johan H. Ormel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15">Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Posada Villa, Jose" sort="Posada Villa, Jose" uniqKey="Posada Villa J" first="José" last="Posada-Villa">José Posada-Villa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Saldiarraga Concha Foundation, Bogota, Colombia;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" sort="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" uniqKey="Aguilar Gaxiola S" first="Sergio" last="Aguilar-Gaxiola">Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17">Center for Reducing Health Disparities, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alonso, Jordi" sort="Alonso, Jordi" uniqKey="Alonso J" first="Jordi" last="Alonso">Jordi Alonso</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Health Services Research Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigacio Medica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sing" sort="Lee, Sing" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sing" last="Lee">Sing Lee</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19">Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heeringa, Steven" sort="Heeringa, Steven" uniqKey="Heeringa S" first="Steven" last="Heeringa">Steven Heeringa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20">Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pennell, Beth Ellen" sort="Pennell, Beth Ellen" uniqKey="Pennell B" first="Beth-Ellen" last="Pennell">Beth-Ellen Pennell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20">Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chatterji, Somnath" sort="Chatterji, Somnath" uniqKey="Chatterji S" first="Somnath" last="Chatterji">Somnath Chatterji</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ustun, T Bedirhan" sort="Ustun, T Bedirhan" uniqKey="Ustun T" first="T. Bedirhan" last="Üstün">T. Bedirhan Üstün</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">18188443</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2174579</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2174579</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2174579</idno>
<date when="2007">2007</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001C38</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001C38</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Delay and failure in treatment seeking after first onset of
mental disorders in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey
Initiative</title>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Philip S" sort="Wang, Philip S" uniqKey="Wang P" first="Philip S" last="Wang">Philip S. Wang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Division of Service and Intervention Research, National Institute of Mental Health, 6001 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Angermeyer, Matthias" sort="Angermeyer, Matthias" uniqKey="Angermeyer M" first="Matthias" last="Angermeyer">Matthias Angermeyer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Germany;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borges, Guilherme" sort="Borges, Guilherme" uniqKey="Borges G" first="Guilherme" last="Borges">Guilherme Borges</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruffaerts, Ronny" sort="Bruffaerts, Ronny" uniqKey="Bruffaerts R" first="Ronny" last="Bruffaerts">Ronny Bruffaerts</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tat Chiu, Wai" sort="Tat Chiu, Wai" uniqKey="Tat Chiu W" first="Wai" last="Tat Chiu">Wai Tat Chiu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Girolamo, Giovanni" sort="De Girolamo, Giovanni" uniqKey="De Girolamo G" first="Giovanni" last="De Girolamo">Giovanni De Girolamo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Mental Health, Local Health Unit, Bologna, Italy;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fayyad, John" sort="Fayyad, John" uniqKey="Fayyad J" first="John" last="Fayyad">John Fayyad</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut,Lebanon;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gureje, Oye" sort="Gureje, Oye" uniqKey="Gureje O" first="Oye" last="Gureje">Oye Gureje</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haro, Josep Maria" sort="Haro, Josep Maria" uniqKey="Haro J" first="Josep Maria" last="Haro">Josep Maria Haro</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Sant Joan de Deu - Mental Health Services, Barcelona, Spain;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Yueqin" sort="Huang, Yueqin" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yueqin" last="Huang">Yueqin Huang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kessler, Ronald C" sort="Kessler, Ronald C" uniqKey="Kessler R" first="Ronald C" last="Kessler">Ronald C. Kessler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kovess, Viviane" sort="Kovess, Viviane" uniqKey="Kovess V" first="Viviane" last="Kovess">Viviane Kovess</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">MGEN Foundation for Public Health, Paris, France;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levinson, Daphna" sort="Levinson, Daphna" uniqKey="Levinson D" first="Daphna" last="Levinson">Daphna Levinson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">Research and Planning, Mental Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakane, Yoshibumi" sort="Nakane, Yoshibumi" uniqKey="Nakane Y" first="Yoshibumi" last="Nakane">Yoshibumi Nakane</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13">Division of Human Sociology, Nagasaki International University Graduate School, Nagasaki, Japan;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oakley Brown, Mark A" sort="Oakley Brown, Mark A" uniqKey="Oakley Brown M" first="Mark A" last="Oakley Brown">Mark A. Oakley Brown</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Rural and Indigenous Health, School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ormel, Johan H" sort="Ormel, Johan H" uniqKey="Ormel J" first="Johan H" last="Ormel">Johan H. Ormel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15">Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Posada Villa, Jose" sort="Posada Villa, Jose" uniqKey="Posada Villa J" first="José" last="Posada-Villa">José Posada-Villa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16">Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Saldiarraga Concha Foundation, Bogota, Colombia;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" sort="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" uniqKey="Aguilar Gaxiola S" first="Sergio" last="Aguilar-Gaxiola">Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17">Center for Reducing Health Disparities, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alonso, Jordi" sort="Alonso, Jordi" uniqKey="Alonso J" first="Jordi" last="Alonso">Jordi Alonso</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Health Services Research Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigacio Medica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sing" sort="Lee, Sing" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sing" last="Lee">Sing Lee</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19">Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heeringa, Steven" sort="Heeringa, Steven" uniqKey="Heeringa S" first="Steven" last="Heeringa">Steven Heeringa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20">Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pennell, Beth Ellen" sort="Pennell, Beth Ellen" uniqKey="Pennell B" first="Beth-Ellen" last="Pennell">Beth-Ellen Pennell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20">Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chatterji, Somnath" sort="Chatterji, Somnath" uniqKey="Chatterji S" first="Somnath" last="Chatterji">Somnath Chatterji</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ustun, T Bedirhan" sort="Ustun, T Bedirhan" uniqKey="Ustun T" first="T. Bedirhan" last="Üstün">T. Bedirhan Üstün</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">World Psychiatry</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1723-8617</idno>
<imprint><date when="2007">2007</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Data are presented on patterns of failure and delay in making initial treatment
contact after first onset of a mental disorder in 15 countries in the World
Health Organization (WHO)'s World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Representative
face-to-face household surveys were conducted among 76,012 respondents aged
18 and older in Belgium, Colombia, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan,
Lebanon, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, People's Republic
of China (Beijing and Shanghai), Spain, and the United States. The WHO Composite
International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess lifetime DSM-IV
anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders. Ages of onset for individual disorders
and ages of first treatment contact for each disorder were used to calculate
the extent of failure and delay in initial help seeking. The proportion of
lifetime cases making treatment contact in the year of disorder onset ranged
from 0.8 to 36.4% for anxiety disorders, from 6.0 to 52.1% for mood disorders,
and from 0.9 to 18.6% for substance use disorders. By 50 years, the proportion
of lifetime cases making treatment contact ranged from 15.2 to 95.0% for anxiety
disorders, from 7.9 to 98.6% for mood disorders, and from 19.8 to 86.1% for
substance use disorders. Median delays among cases eventually making contact
ranged from 3.0 to 30.0 years for anxiety disorders, from 1.0 to 14.0 years
for mood disorders, and from 6.0 to 18.0 years for substance use disorders.
Failure and delays in treatment seeking were generally greater in developing
countries, older cohorts, men, and cases with earlier ages of onset. These
results show that failure and delays in initial help seeking are pervasive
problems worldwide. Interventions to ensure prompt initial treatment contacts
are needed to reduce the global burdens and hazards of untreated mental disorders.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
  <front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">World Psychiatry</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="">WP</journal-id>
<journal-title>World Psychiatry</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1723-8617</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Masson Italy</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18188443</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2174579</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Report</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Delay and failure in treatment seeking after first onset of
mental disorders in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey
Initiative</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>WANG</surname>
<given-names>PHILIP S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>ANGERMEYER</surname>
<given-names>MATTHIAS</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>BORGES</surname>
<given-names>GUILHERME</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>BRUFFAERTS</surname>
<given-names>RONNY</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>TAT CHIU</surname>
<given-names>WAI</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>DE GIROLAMO</surname>
<given-names>GIOVANNI</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>FAYYAD</surname>
<given-names>JOHN</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>GUREJE</surname>
<given-names>OYE</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>HARO</surname>
<given-names>JOSEP MARIA</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>HUANG</surname>
<given-names>YUEQIN</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>KESSLER</surname>
<given-names>RONALD C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>KOVESS</surname>
<given-names>VIVIANE</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>LEVINSON</surname>
<given-names>DAPHNA</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>NAKANE</surname>
<given-names>YOSHIBUMI</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>OAKLEY BROWN</surname>
<given-names>MARK A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>ORMEL</surname>
<given-names>JOHAN H</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">15</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>POSADA-VILLA</surname>
<given-names>JOSÉ</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">16</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>AGUILAR-GAXIOLA</surname>
<given-names>SERGIO</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">17</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>ALONSO</surname>
<given-names>JORDI</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">18</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>LEE</surname>
<given-names>SING</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">19</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>HEERINGA</surname>
<given-names>STEVEN</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>PENNELL</surname>
<given-names>BETH-ELLEN</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>CHATTERJI</surname>
<given-names>SOMNATH</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">21</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>ÜSTÜN</surname>
<given-names>T. BEDIRHAN</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">21</xref>
<on-behalf-of>FOR THE WHO WORLD MENTAL HEALTH SURVEY CONSORTIUM</on-behalf-of>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
Division of Service and Intervention Research, National Institute of Mental Health, 6001 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Germany;</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico;</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
Department of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium;</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>
Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>
Department of Mental Health, Local Health Unit, Bologna, Italy;</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>
Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut,Lebanon;</aff>
<aff id="aff8"><label>8</label>
Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;</aff>
<aff id="aff9"><label>9</label>
Sant Joan de Deu - Mental Health Services, Barcelona, Spain;</aff>
<aff id="aff10"><label>10</label>
Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China;</aff>
<aff id="aff11"><label>11</label>
MGEN Foundation for Public Health, Paris, France;</aff>
<aff id="aff12"><label>12</label>
Research and Planning, Mental Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel;</aff>
<aff id="aff13"><label>13</label>
Division of Human Sociology, Nagasaki International University Graduate School, Nagasaki, Japan;</aff>
<aff id="aff14"><label>14</label>
Department of Rural and Indigenous Health, School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia;</aff>
<aff id="aff15"><label>15</label>
Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands;</aff>
<aff id="aff16"><label>16</label>
Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Saldiarraga Concha Foundation, Bogota, Colombia;</aff>
<aff id="aff17"><label>17</label>
Center for Reducing Health Disparities, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA;</aff>
<aff id="aff18"><label>18</label>
Health Services Research Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigacio Medica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain;</aff>
<aff id="aff19"><label>19</label>
Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China;</aff>
<aff id="aff20"><label>20</label>
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;</aff>
<aff id="aff21"><label>21</label>
Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>6</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>177</fpage>
<lpage>185</lpage>
<copyright-statement>World Psychiatric Association</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2007</copyright-year>
<abstract><p>Data are presented on patterns of failure and delay in making initial treatment
contact after first onset of a mental disorder in 15 countries in the World
Health Organization (WHO)'s World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Representative
face-to-face household surveys were conducted among 76,012 respondents aged
18 and older in Belgium, Colombia, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan,
Lebanon, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, People's Republic
of China (Beijing and Shanghai), Spain, and the United States. The WHO Composite
International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess lifetime DSM-IV
anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders. Ages of onset for individual disorders
and ages of first treatment contact for each disorder were used to calculate
the extent of failure and delay in initial help seeking. The proportion of
lifetime cases making treatment contact in the year of disorder onset ranged
from 0.8 to 36.4% for anxiety disorders, from 6.0 to 52.1% for mood disorders,
and from 0.9 to 18.6% for substance use disorders. By 50 years, the proportion
of lifetime cases making treatment contact ranged from 15.2 to 95.0% for anxiety
disorders, from 7.9 to 98.6% for mood disorders, and from 19.8 to 86.1% for
substance use disorders. Median delays among cases eventually making contact
ranged from 3.0 to 30.0 years for anxiety disorders, from 1.0 to 14.0 years
for mood disorders, and from 6.0 to 18.0 years for substance use disorders.
Failure and delays in treatment seeking were generally greater in developing
countries, older cohorts, men, and cases with earlier ages of onset. These
results show that failure and delays in initial help seeking are pervasive
problems worldwide. Interventions to ensure prompt initial treatment contacts
are needed to reduce the global burdens and hazards of untreated mental disorders.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Treatment seeking</kwd>
<kwd>anxiety disorders</kwd>
<kwd>mood disorders</kwd>
<kwd>substance use disorders</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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