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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Evolutionary responses of discontinuous gas exchange in insects</title><author><name sortKey="White, Craig R" sort="White, Craig R" uniqKey="White C" first="Craig R." last="White">Craig R. White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Environmental Biology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blackburn, Tim M" sort="Blackburn, Tim M" uniqKey="Blackburn T" first="Tim M." last="Blackburn">Tim M. Blackburn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Terblanche, John S" sort="Terblanche, John S" uniqKey="Terblanche J" first="John S." last="Terblanche">John S. Terblanche</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff3">Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marais, Elrike" sort="Marais, Elrike" uniqKey="Marais E" first="Elrike" last="Marais">Elrike Marais</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff3">Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gibernau, Marc" sort="Gibernau, Marc" uniqKey="Gibernau M" first="Marc" last="Gibernau">Marc Gibernau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Laboratoire d'Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chown, Steven L" sort="Chown, Steven L" uniqKey="Chown S" first="Steven L." last="Chown">Steven L. Chown</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff3">Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">17485672</idno><idno type="pmc">1895954</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1895954</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:1895954</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0608968104</idno><date when="2007">2007</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001C18</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001C18</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Evolutionary responses of discontinuous gas exchange in insects</title><author><name sortKey="White, Craig R" sort="White, Craig R" uniqKey="White C" first="Craig R." last="White">Craig R. White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Environmental Biology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blackburn, Tim M" sort="Blackburn, Tim M" uniqKey="Blackburn T" first="Tim M." last="Blackburn">Tim M. Blackburn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Terblanche, John S" sort="Terblanche, John S" uniqKey="Terblanche J" first="John S." last="Terblanche">John S. Terblanche</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff3">Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marais, Elrike" sort="Marais, Elrike" uniqKey="Marais E" first="Elrike" last="Marais">Elrike Marais</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff3">Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gibernau, Marc" sort="Gibernau, Marc" uniqKey="Gibernau M" first="Marc" last="Gibernau">Marc Gibernau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Laboratoire d'Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chown, Steven L" sort="Chown, Steven L" uniqKey="Chown S" first="Steven L." last="Chown">Steven L. Chown</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff3">Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2007">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The discontinuous gas-exchange cycles (DGCs) observed in many quiescent insects have been a cause of debate for decades, but no consensus on their evolutionary origin or adaptive significance has been achieved. Nevertheless, three main adaptive hypotheses have emerged: (<italic>i</italic>) the hygric hypothesis suggests that DGCs reduce respiratory water loss; (<italic>ii</italic>) the chthonic hypothesis suggests that DGCs facilitate gas exchange during environmental hypoxia, hypercapnia, or both; and (<italic>iii</italic>) the oxidative-damage hypothesis suggests that DGCs minimize oxidative tissue damage. However, most work conducted to date has been based on single-species investigations or nonphylogenetic comparative analyses of few species, despite calls for a strong-inference, phylogenetic approach. Here, we adopt such an approach by using 76 measurements of 40 wild-caught species to examine macrophysiological variation in DGC duration in insects. Potential patterns of trait variation are first identified on the basis of the explicit <italic>a priori</italic> predictions of each hypothesis, and the best phylogenetic generalized least-squares fit of the candidate models to the data is selected on the basis of Akaike's information criterion. We find a significant positive relationship between DGC duration and habitat temperature and an important interaction between habitat temperature and precipitation. This result supports the hygric hypothesis. We conclude that the DGCs of insects reduce respiratory water loss while ensuring adequate gas exchange.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">17485672</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">1895954</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6085</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0608968104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Ecology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Evolutionary responses of discontinuous gas exchange in insects</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>White</surname><given-names>Craig R.</given-names></name><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff"><sup>†</sup></xref><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff"><sup>‡</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>§</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blackburn</surname><given-names>Tim M.</given-names></name><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff"><sup>‡</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Terblanche</surname><given-names>John S.</given-names></name><xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff"><sup>¶</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marais</surname><given-names>Elrike</given-names></name><xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff"><sup>¶</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gibernau</surname><given-names>Marc</given-names></name><xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">‖</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chown</surname><given-names>Steven L.</given-names></name><xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff"><sup>¶</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>†</sup>Department of Environmental Biology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>‡</sup>School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>¶</sup>Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; and</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>‖</sup>Laboratoire d'Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>§</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>c.r.white@bham.ac.uk</email></corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by Timothy J. Bradley, University of California, Irvine, CA, and accepted by the Editorial Board March 13, 2007</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: C.R.W. and S.L.C. designed research; C.R.W., J.S.T., E.M., M.G., and S.L.C. performed research; C.R.W. and M.G. contributed new reagants/analytic tools; T.M.B. analyzed data; and C.R.W., T.M.B., and S.L.C. wrote the paper.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>15</day><month>5</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>7</day><month>5</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>20</issue><fpage>8357</fpage><lpage>8361</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2006</year></date></history><copyright-statement>© 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zpq02007008357.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>The discontinuous gas-exchange cycles (DGCs) observed in many quiescent insects have been a cause of debate for decades, but no consensus on their evolutionary origin or adaptive significance has been achieved. Nevertheless, three main adaptive hypotheses have emerged: (<italic>i</italic>) the hygric hypothesis suggests that DGCs reduce respiratory water loss; (<italic>ii</italic>) the chthonic hypothesis suggests that DGCs facilitate gas exchange during environmental hypoxia, hypercapnia, or both; and (<italic>iii</italic>) the oxidative-damage hypothesis suggests that DGCs minimize oxidative tissue damage. However, most work conducted to date has been based on single-species investigations or nonphylogenetic comparative analyses of few species, despite calls for a strong-inference, phylogenetic approach. Here, we adopt such an approach by using 76 measurements of 40 wild-caught species to examine macrophysiological variation in DGC duration in insects. Potential patterns of trait variation are first identified on the basis of the explicit <italic>a priori</italic> predictions of each hypothesis, and the best phylogenetic generalized least-squares fit of the candidate models to the data is selected on the basis of Akaike's information criterion. We find a significant positive relationship between DGC duration and habitat temperature and an important interaction between habitat temperature and precipitation. This result supports the hygric hypothesis. We conclude that the DGCs of insects reduce respiratory water loss while ensuring adequate gas exchange.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>hypoxia</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic generalized least squares</kwd><kwd>precipitation</kwd><kwd>strong inference</kwd><kwd>temperature</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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