Exercise during Short-Term and Long-Term Continuous Exposure to Hypoxia Exacerbates Sleep-Related Periodic Breathing
Identifieur interne : 000499 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000498; suivant : 000500Exercise during Short-Term and Long-Term Continuous Exposure to Hypoxia Exacerbates Sleep-Related Periodic Breathing
Auteurs : Helio Fernandez Tellez ; Shawnda A. Morrison ; Xavier Neyt ; Olivier Mairesse ; Maria Francesca Piacentini ; Eoin Macdonald-Nethercott ; Andrej Pangerc ; Leja Dolenc-Groselj ; Ola Eiken ; Nathalie Pattyn ; Igor B. Mekjavic ; Romain MeeusenSource :
- Sleep [ 0161-8105 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia elevates chemosensitivity, which can lead to periodic breathing. Exercise impacts gas exchange, altering chemosensitivity; however, interactions between sleep, exercise and chronic hypoxic exposure have not been examined. This study investigated whether exercise exacerbates sleep-related periodic breathing in hypoxia.
Two experimental phases. Short-Term Phase: a laboratory controlled, group-design study in which 16 active, healthy men (age: 25 ± 3 y, height: 1.79 ± 0.06 m, mass: 74 ± 8 kg) were confined to a normobaric hypoxic environment (FIO2 = 0.139 ± 0.003, 4,000 m) for 10 days, after random assignment to a sedentary (control, CON) or cycle-exercise group (EX). Long-Term Phase: conducted at the Concordia Antarctic Research Station (3,800 m equivalent at the Equator) where 14 men (age: 36 ± 9 y, height: 1.77 ± 0.09 m, mass: 75 ± 10 kg) lived for 12–14 months, continuously confined. Participants were stratified post hoc based on self-reported physical activity levels. We quantified apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and physical activity variables.
Short-Term Phase: mean AHI scores were significantly elevated in the EX group compared to CON (Night1 = CON: 39 ± 51, EX: 91 ± 59; Night10 = CON: 32 ± 32, EX: 92 ± 48; P = 0.046). Long-Term Phase: AHI was correlated to mean exercise time (R2 = 0.4857; P = 0.008) and the coefficient of variation in night oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2; R2 = 0.3062; P = 0.049).
Data indicate that exercise (physical activity)
Tellez HF, Morrison SA, Neyt X, Mairesse O, Piacentini MF, Macdonald-Nethercott E, Pangerc A, Dolenc-Groselj L, Eiken O, Pattyn N, Mekjavic IB, Meeusen R. Exercise during short-term and long-term continuous exposure to hypoxia exacerbates sleep-related periodic breathing.
Url:
DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5626
PubMed: 26951389
PubMed Central: 4791611
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4791611Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Tellez, Helio Fernandez" sort="Tellez, Helio Fernandez" uniqKey="Tellez H" first="Helio Fernandez" last="Tellez">Helio Fernandez Tellez</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Human Physiology & Sports Medicine Department, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Royal Military Academy of Brussels, VIPER Research Unit, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Mairesse, Olivier" sort="Mairesse, Olivier" uniqKey="Mairesse O" first="Olivier" last="Mairesse">Olivier Mairesse</name>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Sleep Laboratory & Unit for Chronobiology-Brugmann University Hospital Free University of Brussels (U.L.B./V.U.B), Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Piacentini, Maria Francesca" sort="Piacentini, Maria Francesca" uniqKey="Piacentini M" first="Maria Francesca" last="Piacentini">Maria Francesca Piacentini</name>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Macdonald Nethercott, Eoin" sort="Macdonald Nethercott, Eoin" uniqKey="Macdonald Nethercott E" first="Eoin" last="Macdonald-Nethercott">Eoin Macdonald-Nethercott</name>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Institut polaire français Paul-Emile Victor, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Pangerc, Andrej" sort="Pangerc, Andrej" uniqKey="Pangerc A" first="Andrej" last="Pangerc">Andrej Pangerc</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Dolenc Groselj, Leja" sort="Dolenc Groselj, Leja" uniqKey="Dolenc Groselj L" first="Leja" last="Dolenc-Groselj">Leja Dolenc-Groselj</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Clinical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Eiken, Ola" sort="Eiken, Ola" uniqKey="Eiken O" first="Ola" last="Eiken">Ola Eiken</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Centre, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Pattyn, Nathalie" sort="Pattyn, Nathalie" uniqKey="Pattyn N" first="Nathalie" last="Pattyn">Nathalie Pattyn</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Human Physiology & Sports Medicine Department, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Royal Military Academy of Brussels, VIPER Research Unit, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">Experimental and Applied Psychology Department, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mekjavic, Igor B" sort="Mekjavic, Igor B" uniqKey="Mekjavic I" first="Igor B." last="Mekjavic">Igor B. Mekjavic</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Automation, Biocybernetics, and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meeusen, Romain" sort="Meeusen, Romain" uniqKey="Meeusen R" first="Romain" last="Meeusen">Romain Meeusen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Human Physiology & Sports Medicine Department, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Health Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville City, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Exercise during Short-Term and Long-Term Continuous Exposure to Hypoxia Exacerbates Sleep-Related Periodic Breathing</title>
<author><name sortKey="Tellez, Helio Fernandez" sort="Tellez, Helio Fernandez" uniqKey="Tellez H" first="Helio Fernandez" last="Tellez">Helio Fernandez Tellez</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Human Physiology & Sports Medicine Department, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Royal Military Academy of Brussels, VIPER Research Unit, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morrison, Shawnda A" sort="Morrison, Shawnda A" uniqKey="Morrison S" first="Shawnda A." last="Morrison">Shawnda A. Morrison</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Automation, Biocybernetics, and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Clinical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neyt, Xavier" sort="Neyt, Xavier" uniqKey="Neyt X" first="Xavier" last="Neyt">Xavier Neyt</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Royal Military Academy of Brussels, VIPER Research Unit, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Royal Military Academy Brussels, CISS, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mairesse, Olivier" sort="Mairesse, Olivier" uniqKey="Mairesse O" first="Olivier" last="Mairesse">Olivier Mairesse</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Human Physiology & Sports Medicine Department, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Sleep Laboratory & Unit for Chronobiology-Brugmann University Hospital Free University of Brussels (U.L.B./V.U.B), Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Piacentini, Maria Francesca" sort="Piacentini, Maria Francesca" uniqKey="Piacentini M" first="Maria Francesca" last="Piacentini">Maria Francesca Piacentini</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Human Physiology & Sports Medicine Department, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Macdonald Nethercott, Eoin" sort="Macdonald Nethercott, Eoin" uniqKey="Macdonald Nethercott E" first="Eoin" last="Macdonald-Nethercott">Eoin Macdonald-Nethercott</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">JF Intensive Care Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Institut polaire français Paul-Emile Victor, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pangerc, Andrej" sort="Pangerc, Andrej" uniqKey="Pangerc A" first="Andrej" last="Pangerc">Andrej Pangerc</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Clinical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dolenc Groselj, Leja" sort="Dolenc Groselj, Leja" uniqKey="Dolenc Groselj L" first="Leja" last="Dolenc-Groselj">Leja Dolenc-Groselj</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Clinical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eiken, Ola" sort="Eiken, Ola" uniqKey="Eiken O" first="Ola" last="Eiken">Ola Eiken</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Centre, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pattyn, Nathalie" sort="Pattyn, Nathalie" uniqKey="Pattyn N" first="Nathalie" last="Pattyn">Nathalie Pattyn</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Human Physiology & Sports Medicine Department, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Royal Military Academy of Brussels, VIPER Research Unit, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11">Experimental and Applied Psychology Department, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mekjavic, Igor B" sort="Mekjavic, Igor B" uniqKey="Mekjavic I" first="Igor B." last="Mekjavic">Igor B. Mekjavic</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Automation, Biocybernetics, and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meeusen, Romain" sort="Meeusen, Romain" uniqKey="Meeusen R" first="Romain" last="Meeusen">Romain Meeusen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Human Physiology & Sports Medicine Department, Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12">School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Health Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville City, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Sleep</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0161-8105</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1550-9109</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Study Objectives:</title>
<p>Exposure to hypoxia elevates chemosensitivity, which can lead to periodic breathing. Exercise impacts gas exchange, altering chemosensitivity; however, interactions between sleep, exercise and chronic hypoxic exposure have not been examined. This study investigated whether exercise exacerbates sleep-related periodic breathing in hypoxia.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods:</title>
<p>Two experimental phases. Short-Term Phase: a laboratory controlled, group-design study in which 16 active, healthy men (age: 25 ± 3 y, height: 1.79 ± 0.06 m, mass: 74 ± 8 kg) were confined to a normobaric hypoxic environment (FIO2 = 0.139 ± 0.003, 4,000 m) for 10 days, after random assignment to a sedentary (control, CON) or cycle-exercise group (EX). Long-Term Phase: conducted at the Concordia Antarctic Research Station (3,800 m equivalent at the Equator) where 14 men (age: 36 ± 9 y, height: 1.77 ± 0.09 m, mass: 75 ± 10 kg) lived for 12–14 months, continuously confined. Participants were stratified post hoc based on self-reported physical activity levels. We quantified apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and physical activity variables.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results:</title>
<p>Short-Term Phase: mean AHI scores were significantly elevated in the EX group compared to CON (Night1 = CON: 39 ± 51, EX: 91 ± 59; Night10 = CON: 32 ± 32, EX: 92 ± 48; P = 0.046). Long-Term Phase: AHI was correlated to mean exercise time (R<sup>2</sup>
= 0.4857; P = 0.008) and the coefficient of variation in night oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2; R<sup>2</sup>
= 0.3062; P = 0.049).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions:</title>
<p>Data indicate that exercise (physical activity) <italic>per se</italic>
affects night SpO2 concentrations and AHI after a minimum of two bouts of moderate-intensity hypoxic exercise, while habitual physical activity in hypobaric hypoxic confinement affects breathing during sleep, up to 13+ months' duration</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Citation:</title>
<p>Tellez HF, Morrison SA, Neyt X, Mairesse O, Piacentini MF, Macdonald-Nethercott E, Pangerc A, Dolenc-Groselj L, Eiken O, Pattyn N, Mekjavic IB, Meeusen R. Exercise during short-term and long-term continuous exposure to hypoxia exacerbates sleep-related periodic breathing. <italic>SLEEP</italic>
2016;39(4):773–783.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sleep</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sleep</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Sleep</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Sleep</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0161-8105</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1550-9109</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26951389</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4791611</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">sp-00279-15</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5665/sleep.5626</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Sleep Disordered Breathing</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Exercise during Short-Term and Long-Term Continuous Exposure to Hypoxia Exacerbates Sleep-Related Periodic Breathing</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tellez</surname>
<given-names>Helio Fernandez</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MEng</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Morrison</surname>
<given-names>Shawnda A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Neyt</surname>
<given-names>Xavier</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mairesse</surname>
<given-names>Olivier</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Piacentini</surname>
<given-names>Maria Francesca</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Macdonald-Nethercott</surname>
<given-names>Eoin</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBBChir</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pangerc</surname>
<given-names>Andrej</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dolenc-Groselj</surname>
<given-names>Leja</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eiken</surname>
<given-names>Ola</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pattyn</surname>
<given-names>Nathalie</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mekjavic</surname>
<given-names>Igor B.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meeusen</surname>
<given-names>Romain</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Human Physiology & Sports Medicine Department, Brussels, Belgium</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
Royal Military Academy of Brussels, VIPER Research Unit, Brussels, Belgium</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
Department of Automation, Biocybernetics, and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
Royal Military Academy Brussels, CISS, Brussels, Belgium</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>
Sleep Laboratory & Unit for Chronobiology-Brugmann University Hospital Free University of Brussels (U.L.B./V.U.B), Brussels, Belgium</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>
JF Intensive Care Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom</aff>
<aff id="aff8"><label>8</label>
Institut polaire français Paul-Emile Victor, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France</aff>
<aff id="aff9"><label>9</label>
Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Clinical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia</aff>
<aff id="aff10"><label>10</label>
Department of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Centre, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="aff11"><label>11</label>
Experimental and Applied Psychology Department, Brussels, Belgium</aff>
<aff id="aff12"><label>12</label>
School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Health Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville City, Queensland, Australia</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><fn fn-type="other" id="FN1"><label>*</label>
<p>co-first authors</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="cor1">Address correspondence to: Helio Fernandez Tellez, <addr-line>Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Human Physiology & Sports Medicine Department, Building L, Pleinlaan, 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium</addr-line>
<phone>+32 2 629 27 32</phone>
<fax>+32 2 629</fax>
<email>hefernan@vub.ac.be</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>1</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>773</fpage>
<lpage>783</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><month>5</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><month>11</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><month>11</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec><title>Study Objectives:</title>
<p>Exposure to hypoxia elevates chemosensitivity, which can lead to periodic breathing. Exercise impacts gas exchange, altering chemosensitivity; however, interactions between sleep, exercise and chronic hypoxic exposure have not been examined. This study investigated whether exercise exacerbates sleep-related periodic breathing in hypoxia.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods:</title>
<p>Two experimental phases. Short-Term Phase: a laboratory controlled, group-design study in which 16 active, healthy men (age: 25 ± 3 y, height: 1.79 ± 0.06 m, mass: 74 ± 8 kg) were confined to a normobaric hypoxic environment (FIO2 = 0.139 ± 0.003, 4,000 m) for 10 days, after random assignment to a sedentary (control, CON) or cycle-exercise group (EX). Long-Term Phase: conducted at the Concordia Antarctic Research Station (3,800 m equivalent at the Equator) where 14 men (age: 36 ± 9 y, height: 1.77 ± 0.09 m, mass: 75 ± 10 kg) lived for 12–14 months, continuously confined. Participants were stratified post hoc based on self-reported physical activity levels. We quantified apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and physical activity variables.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results:</title>
<p>Short-Term Phase: mean AHI scores were significantly elevated in the EX group compared to CON (Night1 = CON: 39 ± 51, EX: 91 ± 59; Night10 = CON: 32 ± 32, EX: 92 ± 48; P = 0.046). Long-Term Phase: AHI was correlated to mean exercise time (R<sup>2</sup>
= 0.4857; P = 0.008) and the coefficient of variation in night oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2; R<sup>2</sup>
= 0.3062; P = 0.049).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions:</title>
<p>Data indicate that exercise (physical activity) <italic>per se</italic>
affects night SpO2 concentrations and AHI after a minimum of two bouts of moderate-intensity hypoxic exercise, while habitual physical activity in hypobaric hypoxic confinement affects breathing during sleep, up to 13+ months' duration</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Citation:</title>
<p>Tellez HF, Morrison SA, Neyt X, Mairesse O, Piacentini MF, Macdonald-Nethercott E, Pangerc A, Dolenc-Groselj L, Eiken O, Pattyn N, Mekjavic IB, Meeusen R. Exercise during short-term and long-term continuous exposure to hypoxia exacerbates sleep-related periodic breathing. <italic>SLEEP</italic>
2016;39(4):773–783.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Antarctica</kwd>
<kwd>sleep apnea</kwd>
<kwd>confinement</kwd>
<kwd>cycling</kwd>
<kwd>high altitude</kwd>
<kwd>oxygen saturation</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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