Killer Bee Molecules: Antimicrobial Peptides as Effector Molecules to Target Sporogonic Stages of Plasmodium
Identifieur interne : 001A36 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001A35; suivant : 001A37Killer Bee Molecules: Antimicrobial Peptides as Effector Molecules to Target Sporogonic Stages of Plasmodium
Auteurs : Victoria Carter [Royaume-Uni] ; Ann Underhill [Royaume-Uni] ; Ibrahima Baber [Mali] ; Lakamy Sylla [Mali] ; Mounirou Baby [Mali] ; Isabelle Larget-Thiery [France] ; Agnès Zettor [France] ; Catherine Bourgouin [France] ; Ülo Langel [Suède] ; Ingrid Faye [Suède] ; Laszlo Otvos [États-Unis] ; John D. Wade [Australie] ; Mamadou B. Coulibaly [Mali] ; Sekou F. Traore [Mali] ; Frederic Tripet [Royaume-Uni] ; Paul Eggleston [Royaume-Uni] ; Hilary Hurd [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PLoS Pathogens [ 1553-7366 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
A new generation of strategies is evolving that aim to block malaria transmission by employing genetically modified vectors or mosquito pathogens or symbionts that express anti-parasite molecules. Whilst transgenic technologies have advanced rapidly, there is still a paucity of effector molecules with potent anti-malaria activity whose expression does not cause detrimental effects on mosquito fitness. Our objective was to examine a wide range of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for their toxic effects on
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003790
PubMed: 24278025
PubMed Central: 3836994
Affiliations:
- Australie, France, Mali, Royaume-Uni, Suède, États-Unis
- Pennsylvanie, Svealand, Victoria (État), Île-de-France
- Melbourne, Paris, Stockholm
- Université de Melbourne, Université de Stockholm
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3836994Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Killer Bee Molecules: Antimicrobial Peptides as Effector Molecules to Target Sporogonic Stages of <italic>Plasmodium</italic>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Carter, Victoria" sort="Carter, Victoria" uniqKey="Carter V" first="Victoria" last="Carter">Victoria Carter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Staffordshire</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Underhill, Ann" sort="Underhill, Ann" uniqKey="Underhill A" first="Ann" last="Underhill">Ann Underhill</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Staffordshire</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baber, Ibrahima" sort="Baber, Ibrahima" uniqKey="Baber I" first="Ibrahima" last="Baber">Ibrahima Baber</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bamako</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sylla, Lakamy" sort="Sylla, Lakamy" uniqKey="Sylla L" first="Lakamy" last="Sylla">Lakamy Sylla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bamako</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baby, Mounirou" sort="Baby, Mounirou" uniqKey="Baby M" first="Mounirou" last="Baby">Mounirou Baby</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Bamako, Mali</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Bamako</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bamako</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larget Thiery, Isabelle" sort="Larget Thiery, Isabelle" uniqKey="Larget Thiery I" first="Isabelle" last="Larget-Thiery">Isabelle Larget-Thiery</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur, Centre for Production and Infection of Anopheles (CEPIA), Parasitology and Mycology Department, Paris, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Centre for Production and Infection of Anopheles (CEPIA), Parasitology and Mycology Department, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zettor, Agnes" sort="Zettor, Agnes" uniqKey="Zettor A" first="Agnès" last="Zettor">Agnès Zettor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur, Centre for Production and Infection of Anopheles (CEPIA), Parasitology and Mycology Department, Paris, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Centre for Production and Infection of Anopheles (CEPIA), Parasitology and Mycology Department, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bourgouin, Catherine" sort="Bourgouin, Catherine" uniqKey="Bourgouin C" first="Catherine" last="Bourgouin">Catherine Bourgouin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur, Centre for Production and Infection of Anopheles (CEPIA), Parasitology and Mycology Department, Paris, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Centre for Production and Infection of Anopheles (CEPIA), Parasitology and Mycology Department, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Langel, Ulo" sort="Langel, Ulo" uniqKey="Langel U" first="Ülo" last="Langel">Ülo Langel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Department of Neurochemistry Svante Arrhenius v. 21A, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurochemistry Svante Arrhenius v. 21A, Stockholm University, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Stockholm</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faye, Ingrid" sort="Faye, Ingrid" uniqKey="Faye I" first="Ingrid" last="Faye">Ingrid Faye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Department of Molecular Bioscience, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Svante Arrhenius v. 20C, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Bioscience, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Svante Arrhenius v. 20C, Stockholm University, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Stockholm</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Otvos, Laszlo" sort="Otvos, Laszlo" uniqKey="Otvos L" first="Laszlo" last="Otvos">Laszlo Otvos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Temple University Department of Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Temple University Department of Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wade, John D" sort="Wade, John D" uniqKey="Wade J" first="John D." last="Wade">John D. Wade</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coulibaly, Mamadou B" sort="Coulibaly, Mamadou B" uniqKey="Coulibaly M" first="Mamadou B." last="Coulibaly">Mamadou B. Coulibaly</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bamako</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Traore, Sekou F" sort="Traore, Sekou F" uniqKey="Traore S" first="Sekou F." last="Traore">Sekou F. Traore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bamako</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tripet, Frederic" sort="Tripet, Frederic" uniqKey="Tripet F" first="Frederic" last="Tripet">Frederic Tripet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Staffordshire</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eggleston, Paul" sort="Eggleston, Paul" uniqKey="Eggleston P" first="Paul" last="Eggleston">Paul Eggleston</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Staffordshire</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hurd, Hilary" sort="Hurd, Hilary" uniqKey="Hurd H" first="Hilary" last="Hurd">Hilary Hurd</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Staffordshire</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24278025</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3836994</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836994</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3836994</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.ppat.1003790</idno>
<date when="2013">2013</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002C63</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002C63</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002B13</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002B13</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001A36</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001A36</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Killer Bee Molecules: Antimicrobial Peptides as Effector Molecules to Target Sporogonic Stages of <italic>Plasmodium</italic>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Carter, Victoria" sort="Carter, Victoria" uniqKey="Carter V" first="Victoria" last="Carter">Victoria Carter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Staffordshire</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Underhill, Ann" sort="Underhill, Ann" uniqKey="Underhill A" first="Ann" last="Underhill">Ann Underhill</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Staffordshire</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baber, Ibrahima" sort="Baber, Ibrahima" uniqKey="Baber I" first="Ibrahima" last="Baber">Ibrahima Baber</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bamako</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sylla, Lakamy" sort="Sylla, Lakamy" uniqKey="Sylla L" first="Lakamy" last="Sylla">Lakamy Sylla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bamako</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baby, Mounirou" sort="Baby, Mounirou" uniqKey="Baby M" first="Mounirou" last="Baby">Mounirou Baby</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Bamako, Mali</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Bamako</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bamako</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larget Thiery, Isabelle" sort="Larget Thiery, Isabelle" uniqKey="Larget Thiery I" first="Isabelle" last="Larget-Thiery">Isabelle Larget-Thiery</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur, Centre for Production and Infection of Anopheles (CEPIA), Parasitology and Mycology Department, Paris, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Centre for Production and Infection of Anopheles (CEPIA), Parasitology and Mycology Department, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zettor, Agnes" sort="Zettor, Agnes" uniqKey="Zettor A" first="Agnès" last="Zettor">Agnès Zettor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur, Centre for Production and Infection of Anopheles (CEPIA), Parasitology and Mycology Department, Paris, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Centre for Production and Infection of Anopheles (CEPIA), Parasitology and Mycology Department, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bourgouin, Catherine" sort="Bourgouin, Catherine" uniqKey="Bourgouin C" first="Catherine" last="Bourgouin">Catherine Bourgouin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Institut Pasteur, Centre for Production and Infection of Anopheles (CEPIA), Parasitology and Mycology Department, Paris, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, Centre for Production and Infection of Anopheles (CEPIA), Parasitology and Mycology Department, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Langel, Ulo" sort="Langel, Ulo" uniqKey="Langel U" first="Ülo" last="Langel">Ülo Langel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Department of Neurochemistry Svante Arrhenius v. 21A, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurochemistry Svante Arrhenius v. 21A, Stockholm University, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Stockholm</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faye, Ingrid" sort="Faye, Ingrid" uniqKey="Faye I" first="Ingrid" last="Faye">Ingrid Faye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Department of Molecular Bioscience, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Svante Arrhenius v. 20C, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Bioscience, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Svante Arrhenius v. 20C, Stockholm University, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Stockholm</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Otvos, Laszlo" sort="Otvos, Laszlo" uniqKey="Otvos L" first="Laszlo" last="Otvos">Laszlo Otvos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Temple University Department of Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Temple University Department of Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wade, John D" sort="Wade, John D" uniqKey="Wade J" first="John D." last="Wade">John D. Wade</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coulibaly, Mamadou B" sort="Coulibaly, Mamadou B" uniqKey="Coulibaly M" first="Mamadou B." last="Coulibaly">Mamadou B. Coulibaly</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bamako</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Traore, Sekou F" sort="Traore, Sekou F" uniqKey="Traore S" first="Sekou F." last="Traore">Sekou F. Traore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bamako</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tripet, Frederic" sort="Tripet, Frederic" uniqKey="Tripet F" first="Frederic" last="Tripet">Frederic Tripet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Staffordshire</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eggleston, Paul" sort="Eggleston, Paul" uniqKey="Eggleston P" first="Paul" last="Eggleston">Paul Eggleston</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Staffordshire</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hurd, Hilary" sort="Hurd, Hilary" uniqKey="Hurd H" first="Hilary" last="Hurd">Hilary Hurd</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Staffordshire</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS Pathogens</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1553-7366</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1553-7374</idno>
<imprint><date when="2013">2013</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>A new generation of strategies is evolving that aim to block malaria transmission by employing genetically modified vectors or mosquito pathogens or symbionts that express anti-parasite molecules. Whilst transgenic technologies have advanced rapidly, there is still a paucity of effector molecules with potent anti-malaria activity whose expression does not cause detrimental effects on mosquito fitness. Our objective was to examine a wide range of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for their toxic effects on <italic>Plasmodium</italic>
and anopheline mosquitoes. Specifically targeting early sporogonic stages, we initially screened AMPs for toxicity against a mosquito cell line and <italic>P. berghei</italic>
ookinetes. Promising candidate AMPs were fed to mosquitoes to monitor adverse fitness effects, and their efficacy in blocking rodent malaria infection in <italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic>
was assessed. This was followed by tests to determine their activity against <italic>P. falciparum</italic>
in <italic>An. gambiae</italic>
, initially using laboratory cultures to infect mosquitoes, then culminating in preliminary assays in the field using gametocytes and mosquitoes collected from the same area in Mali, West Africa. From a range of 33 molecules, six AMPs able to block <italic>Plasmodium</italic>
development were identified: Anoplin, Duramycin, Mastoparan X, Melittin, TP10 and Vida3. With the exception of Anoplin and Mastoparan X, these AMPs were also toxic to an <italic>An. gambiae</italic>
cell line at a concentration of 25 µM. However, when tested in mosquito blood feeds, they did not reduce mosquito longevity or egg production at concentrations of 50 µM. Peptides effective against cultured ookinetes were less effective when tested <italic>in vivo</italic>
and differences in efficacy against <italic>P. berghei</italic>
and <italic>P. falciparum</italic>
were seen. From the range of molecules tested, the majority of effective AMPs were derived from bee/wasp venoms.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Trape, Jf" uniqKey="Trape J">JF Trape</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tall, A" uniqKey="Tall A">A Tall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diagne, N" uniqKey="Diagne N">N Diagne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ndiath, O" uniqKey="Ndiath O">O Ndiath</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ly, Ab" uniqKey="Ly A">AB Ly</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Takken, W" uniqKey="Takken W">W Takken</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knols, Bg" uniqKey="Knols B">BG Knols</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramirez, Jl" uniqKey="Ramirez J">JL Ramirez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garver, Ls" uniqKey="Garver L">LS Garver</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dimopoulos, G" uniqKey="Dimopoulos G">G Dimopoulos</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abdul Ghani, R" uniqKey="Abdul Ghani R">R Abdul-Ghani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Mekhlafi, Am" uniqKey="Al Mekhlafi A">AM Al-Mekhlafi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alabsi, Ms" uniqKey="Alabsi M">MS Alabsi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ito, J" uniqKey="Ito J">J Ito</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghosh, A" uniqKey="Ghosh A">A Ghosh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moreira, La" uniqKey="Moreira L">LA Moreira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wimmer, Ea" uniqKey="Wimmer E">EA Wimmer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobs Lorena, M" uniqKey="Jacobs Lorena M">M Jacobs-Lorena</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Isaacs, At" uniqKey="Isaacs A">AT Isaacs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jasinskiene, N" uniqKey="Jasinskiene N">N Jasinskiene</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tretiakov, M" uniqKey="Tretiakov M">M Tretiakov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thiery, I" uniqKey="Thiery I">I Thiery</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zettor, A" uniqKey="Zettor A">A Zettor</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Riehle, Ma" uniqKey="Riehle M">MA Riehle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobs Lorena, M" uniqKey="Jacobs Lorena M">M Jacobs-Lorena</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="James, Aa" uniqKey="James A">AA James</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sinkins, Sp" uniqKey="Sinkins S">SP Sinkins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gould, F" uniqKey="Gould F">F Gould</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Riehle, Ma" uniqKey="Riehle M">MA Riehle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Srinivasan, P" uniqKey="Srinivasan P">P Srinivasan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moreira, Ck" uniqKey="Moreira C">CK Moreira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobs Lorena, M" uniqKey="Jacobs Lorena M">M Jacobs-Lorena</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jacobs Lorena, M" uniqKey="Jacobs Lorena M">M Jacobs-Lorena</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meredith, Jm" uniqKey="Meredith J">JM Meredith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Basu, S" uniqKey="Basu S">S Basu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nimmo, Dd" uniqKey="Nimmo D">DD Nimmo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larget Thiery, I" uniqKey="Larget Thiery I">I Larget-Thiery</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Warr, El" uniqKey="Warr E">EL Warr</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fuchs, S" uniqKey="Fuchs S">S Fuchs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nolan, T" uniqKey="Nolan T">T Nolan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crisanti, A" uniqKey="Crisanti A">A Crisanti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meredith, Jm" uniqKey="Meredith J">JM Meredith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Underhill, A" uniqKey="Underhill A">A Underhill</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcarthur, Cc" uniqKey="Mcarthur C">CC McArthur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eggleston, P" uniqKey="Eggleston P">P Eggleston</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marshall, Jm" uniqKey="Marshall J">JM Marshall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hay, Ba" uniqKey="Hay B">BA Hay</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marshall, Jm" uniqKey="Marshall J">JM Marshall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pittman, Gw" uniqKey="Pittman G">GW Pittman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buchman, Ab" uniqKey="Buchman A">AB Buchman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hay, Ba" uniqKey="Hay B">BA Hay</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carter, V" uniqKey="Carter V">V Carter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hurd, H" uniqKey="Hurd H">H Hurd</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, S" uniqKey="Wang S">S Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobs Lorena, M" uniqKey="Jacobs Lorena M">M Jacobs-Lorena</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sinden, Re" uniqKey="Sinden R">RE Sinden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dawes, Ej" uniqKey="Dawes E">EJ Dawes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alavi, Y" uniqKey="Alavi Y">Y Alavi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Waldock, J" uniqKey="Waldock J">J Waldock</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Finney, O" uniqKey="Finney O">O Finney</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Drexler, Al" uniqKey="Drexler A">AL Drexler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vodovotz, Y" uniqKey="Vodovotz Y">Y Vodovotz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luckhart, S" uniqKey="Luckhart S">S Luckhart</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Giuliani, A" uniqKey="Giuliani A">A Giuliani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pirri, G" uniqKey="Pirri G">G Pirri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicoletto, Sf" uniqKey="Nicoletto S">SF Nicoletto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martin, E" uniqKey="Martin E">E Martin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ganz, T" uniqKey="Ganz T">T Ganz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lehrer, Ri" uniqKey="Lehrer R">RI Lehrer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Splith, K" uniqKey="Splith K">K Splith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neundorf, I" uniqKey="Neundorf I">I Neundorf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tossi, A" uniqKey="Tossi A">A Tossi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sandri, L" uniqKey="Sandri L">L Sandri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giangaspero, A" uniqKey="Giangaspero A">A Giangaspero</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bell, A" uniqKey="Bell A">A Bell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Am" uniqKey="Ahmed A">AM Ahmed</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hurd, H" uniqKey="Hurd H">H Hurd</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Conde, R" uniqKey="Conde R">R Conde</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zamudio, Fz" uniqKey="Zamudio F">FZ Zamudio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Mh" uniqKey="Rodriguez M">MH Rodriguez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Possani, Ld" uniqKey="Possani L">LD Possani</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bevins, Cl" uniqKey="Bevins C">CL Bevins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zasloff, M" uniqKey="Zasloff M">M Zasloff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gwadz, Rw" uniqKey="Gwadz R">RW Gwadz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaslow, D" uniqKey="Kaslow D">D Kaslow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Jy" uniqKey="Lee J">JY Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maloy, Wl" uniqKey="Maloy W">WL Maloy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zasloff, M" uniqKey="Zasloff M">M Zasloff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Parish, La" uniqKey="Parish L">LA Parish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Colquhoun, Dr" uniqKey="Colquhoun D">DR Colquhoun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ubaida Mohien, C" uniqKey="Ubaida Mohien C">C Ubaida Mohien</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lyashkov, Ae" uniqKey="Lyashkov A">AE Lyashkov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graham, Dr" uniqKey="Graham D">DR Graham</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lehane, Mj" uniqKey="Lehane M">MJ Lehane</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moreira, La" uniqKey="Moreira L">LA Moreira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, J" uniqKey="Wang J">J Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Collins, Fh" uniqKey="Collins F">FH Collins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobs Lorena, M" uniqKey="Jacobs Lorena M">M Jacobs-Lorena</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marrelli, Mt" uniqKey="Marrelli M">MT Marrelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, C" uniqKey="Li C">C Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rasgon, Jl" uniqKey="Rasgon J">JL Rasgon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobs Lorena, M" uniqKey="Jacobs Lorena M">M Jacobs-Lorena</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marrelli, Mt" uniqKey="Marrelli M">MT Marrelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moreira, Ck" uniqKey="Moreira C">CK Moreira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kelly, D" uniqKey="Kelly D">D Kelly</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alphey, L" uniqKey="Alphey L">L Alphey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacobs Lorena, M" uniqKey="Jacobs Lorena M">M Jacobs-Lorena</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arrighi, Rb" uniqKey="Arrighi R">RB Arrighi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ebikeme, C" uniqKey="Ebikeme C">C Ebikeme</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jiang, Y" uniqKey="Jiang Y">Y Jiang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ranford Cartwright, L" uniqKey="Ranford Cartwright L">L Ranford-Cartwright</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barrett, Mp" uniqKey="Barrett M">MP Barrett</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Noto, Pb" uniqKey="Noto P">PB Noto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abbadessa, G" uniqKey="Abbadessa G">G Abbadessa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cassone, M" uniqKey="Cassone M">M Cassone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mateo, Gd" uniqKey="Mateo G">GD Mateo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agelan, A" uniqKey="Agelan A">A Agelan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tripet, F" uniqKey="Tripet F">F Tripet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aboagye Antwi, F" uniqKey="Aboagye Antwi F">F Aboagye-Antwi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hurd, H" uniqKey="Hurd H">H Hurd</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Asthana, N" uniqKey="Asthana N">N Asthana</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yadav, Sp" uniqKey="Yadav S">SP Yadav</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghosh, Jk" uniqKey="Ghosh J">JK Ghosh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sen, Tz" uniqKey="Sen T">TZ Sen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jernigan, Rl" uniqKey="Jernigan R">RL Jernigan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garnier, J" uniqKey="Garnier J">J Garnier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kloczkowski, A" uniqKey="Kloczkowski A">A Kloczkowski</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vogel, H" uniqKey="Vogel H">H Vogel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jahnig, F" uniqKey="Jahnig F">F Jahnig</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eiriksdottir, E" uniqKey="Eiriksdottir E">E Eiriksdottir</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Konate, K" uniqKey="Konate K">K Konate</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Langel, U" uniqKey="Langel U">U Langel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Divita, G" uniqKey="Divita G">G Divita</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deshayes, S" uniqKey="Deshayes S">S Deshayes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wakamatsu, K" uniqKey="Wakamatsu K">K Wakamatsu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Okada, A" uniqKey="Okada A">A Okada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miyazawa, T" uniqKey="Miyazawa T">T Miyazawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ohya, M" uniqKey="Ohya M">M Ohya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Higashijima, T" uniqKey="Higashijima T">T Higashijima</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Konno, K" uniqKey="Konno K">K Konno</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hisada, M" uniqKey="Hisada M">M Hisada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fontana, R" uniqKey="Fontana R">R Fontana</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lorenzi, Cc" uniqKey="Lorenzi C">CC Lorenzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Naoki, H" uniqKey="Naoki H">H Naoki</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maciel, C" uniqKey="Maciel C">C Maciel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Oliveira Junior, Vx" uniqKey="De Oliveira Junior V">VX de Oliveira Junior</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fazio, Ma" uniqKey="Fazio M">MA Fazio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nacif Pimenta, R" uniqKey="Nacif Pimenta R">R Nacif-Pimenta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miranda, A" uniqKey="Miranda A">A Miranda</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arrighi, Rb" uniqKey="Arrighi R">RB Arrighi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakamura, C" uniqKey="Nakamura C">C Nakamura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miyake, J" uniqKey="Miyake J">J Miyake</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hurd, H" uniqKey="Hurd H">H Hurd</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burgess, Jg" uniqKey="Burgess J">JG Burgess</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dagan, A" uniqKey="Dagan A">A Dagan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Efron, L" uniqKey="Efron L">L Efron</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gaidukov, L" uniqKey="Gaidukov L">L Gaidukov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mor, A" uniqKey="Mor A">A Mor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ginsburg, H" uniqKey="Ginsburg H">H Ginsburg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peschel, A" uniqKey="Peschel A">A Peschel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sahl, Hg" uniqKey="Sahl H">HG Sahl</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harrington, Jm" uniqKey="Harrington J">JM Harrington</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcgwire, Bs" uniqKey="Mcgwire B">BS McGwire</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kulkarni, Mm" uniqKey="Kulkarni M">MM Kulkarni</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cirimotich, Cm" uniqKey="Cirimotich C">CM Cirimotich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dong, Y" uniqKey="Dong Y">Y Dong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clayton, Am" uniqKey="Clayton A">AM Clayton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sandiford, Sl" uniqKey="Sandiford S">SL Sandiford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Souza Neto, Ja" uniqKey="Souza Neto J">JA Souza-Neto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bass, C" uniqKey="Bass C">C Bass</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Williamson, Ms" uniqKey="Williamson M">MS Williamson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilding, Cs" uniqKey="Wilding C">CS Wilding</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Donnelly, Mj" uniqKey="Donnelly M">MJ Donnelly</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Field, Lm" uniqKey="Field L">LM Field</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coutinho Abreu, Iv" uniqKey="Coutinho Abreu I">IV Coutinho-Abreu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, Ky" uniqKey="Zhu K">KY Zhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramalho Ortigao, M" uniqKey="Ramalho Ortigao M">M Ramalho-Ortigao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, S" uniqKey="Wang S">S Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghosh, Ak" uniqKey="Ghosh A">AK Ghosh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bongio, N" uniqKey="Bongio N">N Bongio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stebbings, Ka" uniqKey="Stebbings K">KA Stebbings</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lampe, Dj" uniqKey="Lampe D">DJ Lampe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kambris, Z" uniqKey="Kambris Z">Z Kambris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blagborough, Am" uniqKey="Blagborough A">AM Blagborough</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pinto, Sb" uniqKey="Pinto S">SB Pinto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blagrove, Ms" uniqKey="Blagrove M">MS Blagrove</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Godfray, Hc" uniqKey="Godfray H">HC Godfray</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boissiere, A" uniqKey="Boissiere A">A Boissiere</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tchioffo, Mt" uniqKey="Tchioffo M">MT Tchioffo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bachar, D" uniqKey="Bachar D">D Bachar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abate, L" uniqKey="Abate L">L Abate</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marie, A" uniqKey="Marie A">A Marie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Aa" uniqKey="Hoffmann A">AA Hoffmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turelli, M" uniqKey="Turelli M">M Turelli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wiradharma, N" uniqKey="Wiradharma N">N Wiradharma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khoe, U" uniqKey="Khoe U">U Khoe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hauser, Ca" uniqKey="Hauser C">CA Hauser</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seow, Sv" uniqKey="Seow S">SV Seow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, S" uniqKey="Zhang S">S Zhang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, L" uniqKey="Chen L">L Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, W" uniqKey="Chen W">W Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, H" uniqKey="Yang H">H Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lai, R" uniqKey="Lai R">R Lai</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Vaerenbergh, M" uniqKey="Van Vaerenbergh M">M Van Vaerenbergh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cardoen, D" uniqKey="Cardoen D">D Cardoen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Formesyn, Em" uniqKey="Formesyn E">EM Formesyn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brunain, M" uniqKey="Brunain M">M Brunain</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Driessche, G" uniqKey="Van Driessche G">G Van Driessche</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jahan, N" uniqKey="Jahan N">N Jahan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hurd, H" uniqKey="Hurd H">H Hurd</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fanello, C" uniqKey="Fanello C">C Fanello</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santolamazza, F" uniqKey="Santolamazza F">F Santolamazza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Della Torre, A" uniqKey="Della Torre A">A della Torre</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Feldmann, Am" uniqKey="Feldmann A">AM Feldmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Billingsley, Pf" uniqKey="Billingsley P">PF Billingsley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Savelkoul, E" uniqKey="Savelkoul E">E Savelkoul</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alavi, Y" uniqKey="Alavi Y">Y Alavi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arai, M" uniqKey="Arai M">M Arai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mendoza, J" uniqKey="Mendoza J">J Mendoza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tufet Bayona, M" uniqKey="Tufet Bayona M">M Tufet-Bayona</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sinha, R" uniqKey="Sinha R">R Sinha</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mitri, C" uniqKey="Mitri C">C Mitri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jacques, Jc" uniqKey="Jacques J">JC Jacques</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thiery, I" uniqKey="Thiery I">I Thiery</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Riehle, Mm" uniqKey="Riehle M">MM Riehle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, J" uniqKey="Xu J">J Xu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hurd, H" uniqKey="Hurd H">H Hurd</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Pj" uniqKey="Taylor P">PJ Taylor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adams, D" uniqKey="Adams D">D Adams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Underhill, A" uniqKey="Underhill A">A Underhill</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eggleston, P" uniqKey="Eggleston P">P Eggleston</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Catteruccia, F" uniqKey="Catteruccia F">F Catteruccia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nolan, T" uniqKey="Nolan T">T Nolan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blass, C" uniqKey="Blass C">C Blass</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, Hm" uniqKey="Muller H">HM Muller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crisanti, A" uniqKey="Crisanti A">A Crisanti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carter, V" uniqKey="Carter V">V Carter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nacer, Am" uniqKey="Nacer A">AM Nacer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Underhill, A" uniqKey="Underhill A">A Underhill</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sinden, Re" uniqKey="Sinden R">RE Sinden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hurd, H" uniqKey="Hurd H">H Hurd</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ponnudurai, T" uniqKey="Ponnudurai T">T Ponnudurai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lensen, Ah" uniqKey="Lensen A">AH Lensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leeuwenberg, Ad" uniqKey="Leeuwenberg A">AD Leeuwenberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meuwissen, Jh" uniqKey="Meuwissen J">JH Meuwissen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Erspamer, V" uniqKey="Erspamer V">V Erspamer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erspamer, Gf" uniqKey="Erspamer G">GF Erspamer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Inselvini, M" uniqKey="Inselvini M">M Inselvini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Negri, L" uniqKey="Negri L">L Negri</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rosario, Lm" uniqKey="Rosario L">LM Rosario</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fredenhagen, A" uniqKey="Fredenhagen A">A Fredenhagen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fendrich, G" uniqKey="Fendrich G">G Fendrich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marki, F" uniqKey="Marki F">F Marki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marki, W" uniqKey="Marki W">W Marki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gruner, J" uniqKey="Gruner J">J Gruner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bargieri, Dy" uniqKey="Bargieri D">DY Bargieri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leite, Ja" uniqKey="Leite J">JA Leite</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lopes, Sc" uniqKey="Lopes S">SC Lopes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sbrogio Almeida, Me" uniqKey="Sbrogio Almeida M">ME Sbrogio-Almeida</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Braga, Cj" uniqKey="Braga C">CJ Braga</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nakajima, T" uniqKey="Nakajima T">T Nakajima</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yasuhara, T" uniqKey="Yasuhara T">T Yasuhara</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uzu, S" uniqKey="Uzu S">S Uzu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wakamatsu, K" uniqKey="Wakamatsu K">K Wakamatsu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miyazawa, T" uniqKey="Miyazawa T">T Miyazawa</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Subbalakshmi, C" uniqKey="Subbalakshmi C">C Subbalakshmi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krishnakumari, V" uniqKey="Krishnakumari V">V Krishnakumari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nagaraj, R" uniqKey="Nagaraj R">R Nagaraj</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sitaram, N" uniqKey="Sitaram N">N Sitaram</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alvarez Bravo, J" uniqKey="Alvarez Bravo J">J Alvarez-Bravo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kurata, S" uniqKey="Kurata S">S Kurata</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Natori, S" uniqKey="Natori S">S Natori</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hwang, Pm" uniqKey="Hwang P">PM Hwang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, N" uniqKey="Zhou N">N Zhou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shan, X" uniqKey="Shan X">X Shan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arrowsmith, Ch" uniqKey="Arrowsmith C">CH Arrowsmith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vogel, Hj" uniqKey="Vogel H">HJ Vogel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fritsch, G" uniqKey="Fritsch G">G Fritsch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sawatzki, G" uniqKey="Sawatzki G">G Sawatzki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Treumer, J" uniqKey="Treumer J">J Treumer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jung, A" uniqKey="Jung A">A Jung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spira, Dt" uniqKey="Spira D">DT Spira</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, T" uniqKey="Tanaka T">T Tanaka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Omata, Y" uniqKey="Omata Y">Y Omata</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saito, A" uniqKey="Saito A">A Saito</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shimazaki, K" uniqKey="Shimazaki K">K Shimazaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yamauchi, K" uniqKey="Yamauchi K">K Yamauchi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Poulter, L" uniqKey="Poulter L">L Poulter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Terry, As" uniqKey="Terry A">AS Terry</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Williams, Dh" uniqKey="Williams D">DH Williams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giovannini, Mg" uniqKey="Giovannini M">MG Giovannini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, Ch" uniqKey="Moore C">CH Moore</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Imura, Y" uniqKey="Imura Y">Y Imura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choda, N" uniqKey="Choda N">N Choda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matsuzaki, K" uniqKey="Matsuzaki K">K Matsuzaki</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Longland, Cl" uniqKey="Longland C">CL Longland</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mezna, M" uniqKey="Mezna M">M Mezna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Michelangeli, F" uniqKey="Michelangeli F">F Michelangeli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koo, Ys" uniqKey="Koo Y">YS Koo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Jm" uniqKey="Kim J">JM Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Iy" uniqKey="Park I">IY Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Bj" uniqKey="Yu B">BJ Yu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jang, Sa" uniqKey="Jang S">SA Jang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yasuhara, T" uniqKey="Yasuhara T">T Yasuhara</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ishikawa, O" uniqKey="Ishikawa O">O Ishikawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakajima, T" uniqKey="Nakajima T">T Nakajima</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Takeshima, K" uniqKey="Takeshima K">K Takeshima</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chikushi, A" uniqKey="Chikushi A">A Chikushi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Kk" uniqKey="Lee K">KK Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yonehara, S" uniqKey="Yonehara S">S Yonehara</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matsuzaki, K" uniqKey="Matsuzaki K">K Matsuzaki</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mangoni, Ml" uniqKey="Mangoni M">ML Mangoni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saugar, Jm" uniqKey="Saugar J">JM Saugar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dellisanti, M" uniqKey="Dellisanti M">M Dellisanti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barra, D" uniqKey="Barra D">D Barra</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simmaco, M" uniqKey="Simmaco M">M Simmaco</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kieffer, Ae" uniqKey="Kieffer A">AE Kieffer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goumon, Y" uniqKey="Goumon Y">Y Goumon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruh, O" uniqKey="Ruh O">O Ruh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chasserot Golaz, S" uniqKey="Chasserot Golaz S">S Chasserot-Golaz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nullans, G" uniqKey="Nullans G">G Nullans</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Erspamer, V" uniqKey="Erspamer V">V Erspamer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Negri, L" uniqKey="Negri L">L Negri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erspamer, Gf" uniqKey="Erspamer G">GF Erspamer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Endean, R" uniqKey="Endean R">R Endean</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Otvos, L" uniqKey="Otvos L">L Otvos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wade, Jd" uniqKey="Wade J">JD Wade</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, F" uniqKey="Lin F">F Lin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Condie, Ba" uniqKey="Condie B">BA Condie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hanrieder, J" uniqKey="Hanrieder J">J Hanrieder</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bae, Ys" uniqKey="Bae Y">YS Bae</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Y" uniqKey="Kim Y">Y Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Jc" uniqKey="Park J">JC Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Suh, Pg" uniqKey="Suh P">PG Suh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ryu, Sh" uniqKey="Ryu S">SH Ryu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS Pathog</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS Pathog</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plospath</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS Pathogens</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1553-7366</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1553-7374</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24278025</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3836994</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PPATHOGENS-D-13-01451</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.ppat.1003790</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Killer Bee Molecules: Antimicrobial Peptides as Effector Molecules to Target Sporogonic Stages of <italic>Plasmodium</italic>
</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides on <italic>Plasmodium</italic>
</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carter</surname>
<given-names>Victoria</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Underhill</surname>
<given-names>Ann</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baber</surname>
<given-names>Ibrahima</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sylla</surname>
<given-names>Lakamy</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baby</surname>
<given-names>Mounirou</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Larget-Thiery</surname>
<given-names>Isabelle</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zettor</surname>
<given-names>Agnès</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bourgouin</surname>
<given-names>Catherine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Langel</surname>
<given-names>Ülo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Faye</surname>
<given-names>Ingrid</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Otvos</surname>
<given-names>Laszlo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wade</surname>
<given-names>John D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Coulibaly</surname>
<given-names>Mamadou B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Traore</surname>
<given-names>Sekou F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tripet</surname>
<given-names>Frederic</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eggleston</surname>
<given-names>Paul</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hurd</surname>
<given-names>Hilary</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Bamako, Mali</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
<addr-line>Institut Pasteur, Centre for Production and Infection of Anopheles (CEPIA), Parasitology and Mycology Department, Paris, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>
<addr-line>Department of Neurochemistry Svante Arrhenius v. 21A, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>
<addr-line>Department of Molecular Bioscience, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Svante Arrhenius v. 20C, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>
<addr-line>Temple University Department of Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8"><label>8</label>
<addr-line>Howard Florey Research Laboratories, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Schneider</surname>
<given-names>David S.</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Stanford University, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>p.eggleston@keele.ac.uk</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="COI-statement"><p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: HH VC MBC SFT FT PE. Performed the experiments: VC AU HH ILT CB AZ IB LS. Analyzed the data: VC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CB UL IF LO JDW MB. Wrote the paper: VC HH. Reviewed/commented on the manuscript: VC HH PE LO CB.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>11</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<elocation-id>e1003790</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2013 Carter et al</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Carter et al</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>A new generation of strategies is evolving that aim to block malaria transmission by employing genetically modified vectors or mosquito pathogens or symbionts that express anti-parasite molecules. Whilst transgenic technologies have advanced rapidly, there is still a paucity of effector molecules with potent anti-malaria activity whose expression does not cause detrimental effects on mosquito fitness. Our objective was to examine a wide range of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for their toxic effects on <italic>Plasmodium</italic>
and anopheline mosquitoes. Specifically targeting early sporogonic stages, we initially screened AMPs for toxicity against a mosquito cell line and <italic>P. berghei</italic>
ookinetes. Promising candidate AMPs were fed to mosquitoes to monitor adverse fitness effects, and their efficacy in blocking rodent malaria infection in <italic>Anopheles stephensi</italic>
was assessed. This was followed by tests to determine their activity against <italic>P. falciparum</italic>
in <italic>An. gambiae</italic>
, initially using laboratory cultures to infect mosquitoes, then culminating in preliminary assays in the field using gametocytes and mosquitoes collected from the same area in Mali, West Africa. From a range of 33 molecules, six AMPs able to block <italic>Plasmodium</italic>
development were identified: Anoplin, Duramycin, Mastoparan X, Melittin, TP10 and Vida3. With the exception of Anoplin and Mastoparan X, these AMPs were also toxic to an <italic>An. gambiae</italic>
cell line at a concentration of 25 µM. However, when tested in mosquito blood feeds, they did not reduce mosquito longevity or egg production at concentrations of 50 µM. Peptides effective against cultured ookinetes were less effective when tested <italic>in vivo</italic>
and differences in efficacy against <italic>P. berghei</italic>
and <italic>P. falciparum</italic>
were seen. From the range of molecules tested, the majority of effective AMPs were derived from bee/wasp venoms.</p>
</abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="summary"><title>Author Summary</title>
<p>Breaking the complex life cycle of malaria by blocking its development in the mosquito is one area of research being pursued for malaria control. Currently, the mosquito itself, or microbes that live within it, are being genetically modified to provide toxic or lethal outcomes to the parasite. However, this usually comes with a cost to the lifespan and reproductive capabilities of the mosquito, resulting in a strong disadvantage if these modified organisms were to be released in the wild. This work aimed to identify a group of molecules suitable for inclusion in genetic modification strategies, which are toxic to malaria parasites, but have no costly side-effects to the mosquito. Within this group of molecules, toxins from bee and wasp venoms were prominent in their effects on mouse and human parasites. These particular molecules may prove effective in novel malaria control strategies and such venoms may also be a promising source of additional anti-malaria toxins.</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group><funding-statement>This work was supported by Wellcome Trust Programme Grant 084582, awarded to PE, HH, and FT. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts><page-count count="13"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Mali</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Suède</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Pennsylvanie</li>
<li>Svealand</li>
<li>Victoria (État)</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Melbourne</li>
<li>Paris</li>
<li>Stockholm</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université de Melbourne</li>
<li>Université de Stockholm</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Carter, Victoria" sort="Carter, Victoria" uniqKey="Carter V" first="Victoria" last="Carter">Victoria Carter</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Eggleston, Paul" sort="Eggleston, Paul" uniqKey="Eggleston P" first="Paul" last="Eggleston">Paul Eggleston</name>
<name sortKey="Hurd, Hilary" sort="Hurd, Hilary" uniqKey="Hurd H" first="Hilary" last="Hurd">Hilary Hurd</name>
<name sortKey="Tripet, Frederic" sort="Tripet, Frederic" uniqKey="Tripet F" first="Frederic" last="Tripet">Frederic Tripet</name>
<name sortKey="Underhill, Ann" sort="Underhill, Ann" uniqKey="Underhill A" first="Ann" last="Underhill">Ann Underhill</name>
</country>
<country name="Mali"><noRegion><name sortKey="Baber, Ibrahima" sort="Baber, Ibrahima" uniqKey="Baber I" first="Ibrahima" last="Baber">Ibrahima Baber</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Baby, Mounirou" sort="Baby, Mounirou" uniqKey="Baby M" first="Mounirou" last="Baby">Mounirou Baby</name>
<name sortKey="Coulibaly, Mamadou B" sort="Coulibaly, Mamadou B" uniqKey="Coulibaly M" first="Mamadou B." last="Coulibaly">Mamadou B. Coulibaly</name>
<name sortKey="Sylla, Lakamy" sort="Sylla, Lakamy" uniqKey="Sylla L" first="Lakamy" last="Sylla">Lakamy Sylla</name>
<name sortKey="Traore, Sekou F" sort="Traore, Sekou F" uniqKey="Traore S" first="Sekou F." last="Traore">Sekou F. Traore</name>
</country>
<country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Larget Thiery, Isabelle" sort="Larget Thiery, Isabelle" uniqKey="Larget Thiery I" first="Isabelle" last="Larget-Thiery">Isabelle Larget-Thiery</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Bourgouin, Catherine" sort="Bourgouin, Catherine" uniqKey="Bourgouin C" first="Catherine" last="Bourgouin">Catherine Bourgouin</name>
<name sortKey="Zettor, Agnes" sort="Zettor, Agnes" uniqKey="Zettor A" first="Agnès" last="Zettor">Agnès Zettor</name>
</country>
<country name="Suède"><region name="Svealand"><name sortKey="Langel, Ulo" sort="Langel, Ulo" uniqKey="Langel U" first="Ülo" last="Langel">Ülo Langel</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Faye, Ingrid" sort="Faye, Ingrid" uniqKey="Faye I" first="Ingrid" last="Faye">Ingrid Faye</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Pennsylvanie"><name sortKey="Otvos, Laszlo" sort="Otvos, Laszlo" uniqKey="Otvos L" first="Laszlo" last="Otvos">Laszlo Otvos</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Australie"><region name="Victoria (État)"><name sortKey="Wade, John D" sort="Wade, John D" uniqKey="Wade J" first="John D." last="Wade">John D. Wade</name>
</region>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001A36 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 001A36 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Asie |area= AustralieFrV1 |flux= Pmc |étape= Checkpoint |type= RBID |clé= PMC:3836994 |texte= Killer Bee Molecules: Antimicrobial Peptides as Effector Molecules to Target Sporogonic Stages of Plasmodium }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:24278025" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. | ![]() |