Free-carrier-induced soliton fission unveiled by in situ measurements in nanophotonic waveguides
Identifieur interne : 000928 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000927; suivant : 000929Free-carrier-induced soliton fission unveiled by in situ measurements in nanophotonic waveguides
Auteurs : Chad Husko [Australie] ; Matthias Wulf [Pays-Bas] ; Simon Lefrancois [Australie] ; Sylvain Combrié [France] ; Gaëlle Lehoucq [France] ; Alfredo De Rossi [France] ; Benjamin J. Eggleton [Australie] ; L. Kuipers [Pays-Bas]Source :
- Nature Communications [ 2041-1723 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Solitons are localized waves formed by a balance of focusing and defocusing effects. These nonlinear waves exist in diverse forms of matter yet exhibit similar properties including stability, periodic recurrence and particle-like trajectories. One important property is soliton fission, a process by which an energetic higher-order soliton breaks apart due to dispersive or nonlinear perturbations. Here we demonstrate through both experiment and theory that nonlinear photocarrier generation can induce soliton fission. Using near-field measurements, we directly observe the nonlinear spatial and temporal evolution of optical pulses
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11332
PubMed: 27079683
PubMed Central: 4835551
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Free-carrier-induced soliton fission unveiled by <italic>in situ</italic> measurements in nanophotonic waveguides</title><author><name sortKey="Husko, Chad" sort="Husko, Chad" uniqKey="Husko C" first="Chad" last="Husko">Chad Husko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2006,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wulf, Matthias" sort="Wulf, Matthias" uniqKey="Wulf M" first="Matthias" last="Wulf">Matthias Wulf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF</institution>, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lefrancois, Simon" sort="Lefrancois, Simon" uniqKey="Lefrancois S" first="Simon" last="Lefrancois">Simon Lefrancois</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2006,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Combrie, Sylvain" sort="Combrie, Sylvain" uniqKey="Combrie S" first="Sylvain" last="Combrié">Sylvain Combrié</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Thales Research and Technology,</institution> 1 Avenue. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehoucq, Gaelle" sort="Lehoucq, Gaelle" uniqKey="Lehoucq G" first="Gaëlle" last="Lehoucq">Gaëlle Lehoucq</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Thales Research and Technology,</institution> 1 Avenue. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Rossi, Alfredo" sort="De Rossi, Alfredo" uniqKey="De Rossi A" first="Alfredo" last="De Rossi">Alfredo De Rossi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Thales Research and Technology,</institution> 1 Avenue. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eggleton, Benjamin J" sort="Eggleton, Benjamin J" uniqKey="Eggleton B" first="Benjamin J." last="Eggleton">Benjamin J. Eggleton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2006,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuipers, L" sort="Kuipers, L" uniqKey="Kuipers L" first="L." last="Kuipers">L. Kuipers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF</institution>, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27079683</idno><idno type="pmc">4835551</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4835551</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4835551</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ncomms11332</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000767</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000767</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000766</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000766</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000928</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000928</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Free-carrier-induced soliton fission unveiled by <italic>in situ</italic> measurements in nanophotonic waveguides</title><author><name sortKey="Husko, Chad" sort="Husko, Chad" uniqKey="Husko C" first="Chad" last="Husko">Chad Husko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2006,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wulf, Matthias" sort="Wulf, Matthias" uniqKey="Wulf M" first="Matthias" last="Wulf">Matthias Wulf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF</institution>, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lefrancois, Simon" sort="Lefrancois, Simon" uniqKey="Lefrancois S" first="Simon" last="Lefrancois">Simon Lefrancois</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2006,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Combrie, Sylvain" sort="Combrie, Sylvain" uniqKey="Combrie S" first="Sylvain" last="Combrié">Sylvain Combrié</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Thales Research and Technology,</institution> 1 Avenue. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lehoucq, Gaelle" sort="Lehoucq, Gaelle" uniqKey="Lehoucq G" first="Gaëlle" last="Lehoucq">Gaëlle Lehoucq</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Thales Research and Technology,</institution> 1 Avenue. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Rossi, Alfredo" sort="De Rossi, Alfredo" uniqKey="De Rossi A" first="Alfredo" last="De Rossi">Alfredo De Rossi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Thales Research and Technology,</institution> 1 Avenue. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eggleton, Benjamin J" sort="Eggleton, Benjamin J" uniqKey="Eggleton B" first="Benjamin J." last="Eggleton">Benjamin J. Eggleton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2006,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuipers, L" sort="Kuipers, L" uniqKey="Kuipers L" first="L." last="Kuipers">L. Kuipers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF</institution>, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature Communications</title><idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Solitons are localized waves formed by a balance of focusing and defocusing effects. These nonlinear waves exist in diverse forms of matter yet exhibit similar properties including stability, periodic recurrence and particle-like trajectories. One important property is soliton fission, a process by which an energetic higher-order soliton breaks apart due to dispersive or nonlinear perturbations. Here we demonstrate through both experiment and theory that nonlinear photocarrier generation can induce soliton fission. Using near-field measurements, we directly observe the nonlinear spatial and temporal evolution of optical pulses <italic>in situ</italic> in a nanophotonic semiconductor waveguide. We develop an analytic formalism describing the free-carrier dispersion (FCD) perturbation and show the experiment exceeds the minimum threshold by an order of magnitude. We confirm these observations with a numerical nonlinear Schrödinger equation model. These results provide a fundamental explanation and physical scaling of optical pulse evolution in free-carrier media and could enable improved supercontinuum sources in gas based and integrated semiconductor waveguides.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zakharov, V" uniqKey="Zakharov V">V. Zakharov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shabat, A" uniqKey="Shabat A">A. Shabat</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Golovchenko, E A" uniqKey="Golovchenko E">E. A. Golovchenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dianov, E M" uniqKey="Dianov E">E. M. Dianov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prokhorov, A M" uniqKey="Prokhorov A">A. M. Prokhorov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Serkin, V N" uniqKey="Serkin V">V. N. Serkin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wai, P K A" uniqKey="Wai P">P. K. A. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nat Commun</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nat Commun</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature Communications</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2041-1723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27079683</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4835551</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">ncomms11332</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ncomms11332</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Free-carrier-induced soliton fission unveiled by <italic>in situ</italic> measurements in nanophotonic waveguides</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Husko</surname><given-names>Chad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">a</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">*</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n2">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wulf</surname><given-names>Matthias</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2">b</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">*</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n3">‡</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lefrancois</surname><given-names>Simon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Combrié</surname><given-names>Sylvain</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lehoucq</surname><given-names>Gaëlle</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>De Rossi</surname><given-names>Alfredo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eggleton</surname><given-names>Benjamin J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuipers</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><aff id="a1"><label>1</label><institution>Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2006,<country>Australia</country></aff><aff id="a2"><label>2</label><institution>Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF</institution>, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam,<country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="a3"><label>3</label><institution>Thales Research and Technology,</institution> 1 Avenue. A. Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau,<country>France</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label><email>chusko@anl.gov</email></corresp><corresp id="c2"><label>b</label><email>matthias.wulf@ist.ac.at</email></corresp><fn id="n1"><label>*</label><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn><fn id="n2"><label>†</label><p>Present address: Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois USA</p></fn><fn id="n3"><label>‡</label><p>Present address: Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><elocation-id>11332</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>04</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Solitons are localized waves formed by a balance of focusing and defocusing effects. These nonlinear waves exist in diverse forms of matter yet exhibit similar properties including stability, periodic recurrence and particle-like trajectories. One important property is soliton fission, a process by which an energetic higher-order soliton breaks apart due to dispersive or nonlinear perturbations. Here we demonstrate through both experiment and theory that nonlinear photocarrier generation can induce soliton fission. Using near-field measurements, we directly observe the nonlinear spatial and temporal evolution of optical pulses <italic>in situ</italic> in a nanophotonic semiconductor waveguide. We develop an analytic formalism describing the free-carrier dispersion (FCD) perturbation and show the experiment exceeds the minimum threshold by an order of magnitude. We confirm these observations with a numerical nonlinear Schrödinger equation model. These results provide a fundamental explanation and physical scaling of optical pulse evolution in free-carrier media and could enable improved supercontinuum sources in gas based and integrated semiconductor waveguides.</p></abstract><abstract abstract-type="web-summary"><p><inline-graphic id="i1" xlink:href="ncomms11332-i1.jpg"></inline-graphic>Solitons are nonlinear waves that exist in diverse forms of matter. Here, Husko <italic>et al</italic>. use near-field measurements to observe the spatio-temporal evolution of optical pulses in a nanophotonic semiconductor waveguide, demonstrating that nonlinear photo-carrier generation can induce fission of solitons.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Spectral transmission and time-resolved near-field microscopy of soliton fission.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>) Spectral transmission properties of the optical pulse measured at the waveguide output. (<bold>b</bold>) Time-resolved near-field optical microscope (NSOM) apparatus used in the experiment. (<bold>c</bold>) Experimental cross-correlation measurements as a function of power (vertical axis) at two spatial positions along the nanostructured photonic waveguide. It is clear that as the power is increased a break up of the pulse occurs as it propagates.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms11332-f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><title>Comparison of experiment and model of the nonlinear pulse propagation.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>,<bold>b</bold>) Time-resolved NSOM measurements and GNLSE modelling at a peak power of at a peak power of 0.5 W at a propagation distance of (<bold>a</bold>) 250 μm and (<bold>b</bold>) 700 μm. Temporal broadening of the pulse envelope due to GVD is visible in experiment (red line) and the model (blue line). (<bold>c</bold>,<bold>d</bold>) Same as above with a peak power of 5.9 W. The multiple peaks characteristic of soliton fission are clearly observable in both theory and experiment. To illustrate that the main features observed in the experiment are related to free-carrier generation, (<bold>e</bold>,<bold>f</bold>) compare the experimental results with GNLSE modelling results (green line) taking only the soliton terms and FCD/3PA into account, which still results in a good agreement. Note here we show the cross-correlation of the electric field of the temporal pulse envelope for the modelling as well as the experimental results as defined in the Methods.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms11332-f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><title>Time-space propagation maps from a generalised nonlinear Schrödinger equation model.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>–<bold>d</bold>) A GNLSE model of the pulse dynamics confirms the fission originates from free-carrier dispersion. The dashed lines indicate positions we measured along the waveguide. Note here we show the temporal power <italic>P</italic>(<italic>t</italic>) in a dB-scale relative to 1 W, whereas in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figs 1c</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">2</xref> we presented the cross-correlation of the electric field <italic>E</italic>(<italic>t</italic>), which is the quantity that we measure in the experiment. <bold>a</bold>,<bold>b</bold> correspond to the experimental conditions with low (<bold>a</bold>) and high (<bold>b</bold>) power, respectively. (<bold>c</bold>) The case modelled with solitons and a TOD perturbation. (<bold>d</bold>) Shows the case modelled with solitons, 3PA and a FCD perturbation.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms11332-f3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><title>Analysis of the free-carrier perturbation generated from three-photon absorption.</title><p>(<bold>a</bold>) Plot of the <inline-formula id="d33e1048"><inline-graphic id="d33e1049" xlink:href="ncomms11332-m39.jpg"></inline-graphic></inline-formula> perturbation and the soliton number <italic>N</italic> versus power indicating the different scalings for each (<inline-formula id="d33e1054"><inline-graphic id="d33e1055" xlink:href="ncomms11332-m40.jpg"></inline-graphic></inline-formula> and <inline-formula id="d33e1057"><inline-graphic id="d33e1058" xlink:href="ncomms11332-m41.jpg"></inline-graphic></inline-formula>). (<bold>b</bold>) GNLSE simulation showing the case with the minimum free-carrier dispersion perturbation <inline-formula id="d33e1064"><inline-graphic id="d33e1065" xlink:href="ncomms11332-m42.jpg"></inline-graphic></inline-formula> required for fission of a <italic>N</italic>=2 soliton. Note here we show the temporal power <italic>P</italic>(<italic>t</italic>) in a dB-scale relative to 1 W.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ncomms11332-f4"></graphic></fig></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Pays-Bas</li></country></list><tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Husko, Chad" sort="Husko, Chad" uniqKey="Husko C" first="Chad" last="Husko">Chad Husko</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Eggleton, Benjamin J" sort="Eggleton, Benjamin J" uniqKey="Eggleton B" first="Benjamin J." last="Eggleton">Benjamin J. Eggleton</name><name sortKey="Lefrancois, Simon" sort="Lefrancois, Simon" uniqKey="Lefrancois S" first="Simon" last="Lefrancois">Simon Lefrancois</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wulf, Matthias" sort="Wulf, Matthias" uniqKey="Wulf M" first="Matthias" last="Wulf">Matthias Wulf</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Kuipers, L" sort="Kuipers, L" uniqKey="Kuipers L" first="L." last="Kuipers">L. Kuipers</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Combrie, Sylvain" sort="Combrie, Sylvain" uniqKey="Combrie S" first="Sylvain" last="Combrié">Sylvain Combrié</name></noRegion><name sortKey="De Rossi, Alfredo" sort="De Rossi, Alfredo" uniqKey="De Rossi A" first="Alfredo" last="De Rossi">Alfredo De Rossi</name><name sortKey="Lehoucq, Gaelle" sort="Lehoucq, Gaelle" uniqKey="Lehoucq G" first="Gaëlle" last="Lehoucq">Gaëlle Lehoucq</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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