Transparent Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowire Networks: From Physical Considerations towards Device Integration
Identifieur interne : 000028 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000027; suivant : 000029Transparent Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowire Networks: From Physical Considerations towards Device Integration
Auteurs : Daniel Bellet ; Mélanie Lagrange ; Thomas Sannicolo [France] ; Sara Aghazadehchors ; Viet Huong Nguyen [France] ; Daniel P. Langley ; David Mu Oz-Rojas ; Carmen Jiménez ; Yves Bréchet ; Ngoc Duy NguyenSource :
- Materials [ 1996-1944 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
The past few years have seen a considerable amount of research devoted to nanostructured transparent conducting materials (TCM), which play a pivotal role in many modern devices such as solar cells, flexible light-emitting devices, touch screens, electromagnetic devices, and flexible transparent thin film heaters. Currently, the most commonly used TCM for such applications (ITO: Indium Tin oxide) suffers from two major drawbacks: brittleness and indium scarcity. Among emerging transparent electrodes, silver nanowire (AgNW) networks appear to be a promising substitute to ITO since such electrically percolating networks exhibit excellent properties with sheet resistance lower than 10 Ω/sq and optical transparency of 90%, fulfilling the requirements of most applications. In addition, AgNW networks also exhibit very good mechanical flexibility. The fabrication of these electrodes involves low-temperature processing steps and scalable methods, thus making them appropriate for future use as low-cost transparent electrodes in flexible electronic devices. This contribution aims to briefly present the main properties of AgNW based transparent electrodes as well as some considerations relating to their efficient integration in devices. The influence of network density, nanowire sizes, and post treatments on the properties of AgNW networks will also be evaluated. In addition to a general overview of AgNW networks, we focus on two important aspects: (i) network instabilities as well as an efficient Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) coating which clearly enhances AgNW network stability and (ii) modelling to better understand the physical properties of these networks.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/ma10060570
PubMed: 28772931
PubMed Central: 5552077
Affiliations:
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PMC:5552077Le document en format XML
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Transparent Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowire Networks: From Physical Considerations towards Device Integration</title>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-10-00570">Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Uni. Grenoble Alpes), LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France;<email>melanie.ml.lagrange@gmail.com</email>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-materials-10-00570">Département de Physique, Université de Liège, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;<email>ngocduy.nguyen@ulg.ac.be</email>
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<author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Viet Huong" sort="Nguyen, Viet Huong" uniqKey="Nguyen V" first="Viet Huong" last="Nguyen">Viet Huong Nguyen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-10-00570">Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Uni. Grenoble Alpes), LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France;<email>melanie.ml.lagrange@gmail.com</email>
(M.L.);<email>Thomas.SANNICOLO@cea.fr</email>
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(M.L.);<email>Thomas.SANNICOLO@cea.fr</email>
(T.S.);<email>sara.aghazade@gmail.com</email>
(S.A.);<email>viet-huong.nguyen@lmgp.grenoble-inp.fr</email>
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<author><name sortKey="Brechet, Yves" sort="Brechet, Yves" uniqKey="Brechet Y" first="Yves" last="Bréchet">Yves Bréchet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6-materials-10-00570">Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France;<email>ves.BRECHET@cea.fr</email>
</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Ngoc Duy" sort="Nguyen, Ngoc Duy" uniqKey="Nguyen N" first="Ngoc Duy" last="Nguyen">Ngoc Duy Nguyen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-materials-10-00570">Département de Physique, Université de Liège, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;<email>ngocduy.nguyen@ulg.ac.be</email>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The past few years have seen a considerable amount of research devoted to nanostructured transparent conducting materials (TCM), which play a pivotal role in many modern devices such as solar cells, flexible light-emitting devices, touch screens, electromagnetic devices, and flexible transparent thin film heaters. Currently, the most commonly used TCM for such applications (ITO: Indium Tin oxide) suffers from two major drawbacks: brittleness and indium scarcity. Among emerging transparent electrodes, silver nanowire (AgNW) networks appear to be a promising substitute to ITO since such electrically percolating networks exhibit excellent properties with sheet resistance lower than 10 Ω/sq and optical transparency of 90%, fulfilling the requirements of most applications. In addition, AgNW networks also exhibit very good mechanical flexibility. The fabrication of these electrodes involves low-temperature processing steps and scalable methods, thus making them appropriate for future use as low-cost transparent electrodes in flexible electronic devices. This contribution aims to briefly present the main properties of AgNW based transparent electrodes as well as some considerations relating to their efficient integration in devices. The influence of network density, nanowire sizes, and post treatments on the properties of AgNW networks will also be evaluated. In addition to a general overview of AgNW networks, we focus on two important aspects: (i) network instabilities as well as an efficient Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) coating which clearly enhances AgNW network stability and (ii) modelling to better understand the physical properties of these networks. </p>
</div>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Materials (Basel)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Materials (Basel)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">materials</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Materials</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1996-1944</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28772931</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5552077</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ma10060570</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">materials-10-00570</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Transparent Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowire Networks: From Physical Considerations towards Device Integration</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bellet</surname>
<given-names>Daniel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-materials-10-00570">1</xref>
<xref rid="c1-materials-10-00570" ref-type="corresp">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lagrange</surname>
<given-names>Mélanie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-materials-10-00570">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-materials-10-00570">†</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sannicolo</surname>
<given-names>Thomas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-materials-10-00570">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-materials-10-00570">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aghazadehchors</surname>
<given-names>Sara</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-materials-10-00570">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-materials-10-00570">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nguyen</surname>
<given-names>Viet Huong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-materials-10-00570">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-materials-10-00570">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Langley</surname>
<given-names>Daniel P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5-materials-10-00570">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muñoz-Rojas</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-materials-10-00570">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jiménez</surname>
<given-names>Carmen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-materials-10-00570">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bréchet</surname>
<given-names>Yves</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6-materials-10-00570">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nguyen</surname>
<given-names>Ngoc Duy</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-materials-10-00570">3</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Li Bassi</surname>
<given-names>Andrea</given-names>
</name>
<role>Academic Editor</role>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="af1-materials-10-00570"><label>1</label>
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Uni. Grenoble Alpes), LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France;<email>melanie.ml.lagrange@gmail.com</email>
(M.L.);<email>Thomas.SANNICOLO@cea.fr</email>
(T.S.);<email>sara.aghazade@gmail.com</email>
(S.A.);<email>viet-huong.nguyen@lmgp.grenoble-inp.fr</email>
(V.H.N.);<email>david.munoz-rojas@grenoble-inp.fr</email>
(D.M.-R.);<email>carmen.jimenez@grenoble-inp.fr</email>
(C.J.)</aff>
<aff id="af2-materials-10-00570"><label>2</label>
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, F-38054 Grenoble, France</aff>
<aff id="af3-materials-10-00570"><label>3</label>
Département de Physique, Université de Liège, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;<email>ngocduy.nguyen@ulg.ac.be</email>
</aff>
<aff id="af4-materials-10-00570"><label>4</label>
CEA-INES, LITEN, 50 Avenue du Lac Léman, F-73375 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France</aff>
<aff id="af5-materials-10-00570"><label>5</label>
ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia;<email>d.langley@latrobe.edu.au</email>
</aff>
<aff id="af6-materials-10-00570"><label>6</label>
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France;<email>ves.BRECHET@cea.fr</email>
</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="c1-materials-10-00570"><label>*</label>
Correspondence: <email>Daniel.bellet@grenoble-inp.fr</email>
; Tel.: +33-456-529-337</corresp>
<fn id="fn1-materials-10-00570"><label>†</label>
<p>Present Address: Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>6</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<elocation-id>570</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>02</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 by the authors.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>
).</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>The past few years have seen a considerable amount of research devoted to nanostructured transparent conducting materials (TCM), which play a pivotal role in many modern devices such as solar cells, flexible light-emitting devices, touch screens, electromagnetic devices, and flexible transparent thin film heaters. Currently, the most commonly used TCM for such applications (ITO: Indium Tin oxide) suffers from two major drawbacks: brittleness and indium scarcity. Among emerging transparent electrodes, silver nanowire (AgNW) networks appear to be a promising substitute to ITO since such electrically percolating networks exhibit excellent properties with sheet resistance lower than 10 Ω/sq and optical transparency of 90%, fulfilling the requirements of most applications. In addition, AgNW networks also exhibit very good mechanical flexibility. The fabrication of these electrodes involves low-temperature processing steps and scalable methods, thus making them appropriate for future use as low-cost transparent electrodes in flexible electronic devices. This contribution aims to briefly present the main properties of AgNW based transparent electrodes as well as some considerations relating to their efficient integration in devices. The influence of network density, nanowire sizes, and post treatments on the properties of AgNW networks will also be evaluated. In addition to a general overview of AgNW networks, we focus on two important aspects: (i) network instabilities as well as an efficient Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) coating which clearly enhances AgNW network stability and (ii) modelling to better understand the physical properties of these networks. </p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>metallic nanowire</kwd>
<kwd>transparent electrode</kwd>
<kwd>network</kwd>
<kwd>silver nanowire</kwd>
<kwd>percolation</kwd>
<kwd>stability</kwd>
<kwd>flexible</kwd>
<kwd>(Spatial) ALD.</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="materials-10-00570-f001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><p>The main length scales at play in metallic nanowire (MNW) networks. From left to right: Transmission Electron Microscopy observations of the extremity of a single MNW and of a junction between two adjacent MNWs; Scanning Electron Microscopy observation of a dense MNW network; picture of a macroscale flexible transparent electrode composed of MNWs.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="materials-10-00570-g001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="materials-10-00570-f002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><p>Evolution of the electrical resistance (<italic>R</italic>
) of networks deposited by spin-coating and composed of AgNW with different average diameters (<italic>D<sub>NW</sub>
</italic>
) during a 2 °C·min<sup>−1</sup>
thermal ramp in air. One can clearly observe that the smaller the diameter, the lower the characteristic temperature, in agreement with Equation (2).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="materials-10-00570-g002"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="materials-10-00570-f003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label>
<caption><p>(<bold>a</bold>
) Optical total transmittance (substrate contribution non-subtracted) of a bare substrate (in blue) and three types of transparent conductive materials in the UV-VIS-NIR region: Indium-doped Tin Oxide (ITO, green), Fluor-doped Tin Oxide (FTO, red), and AgNW network deposited by spray coating (black) are depicted. The associated sheet resistance is reported and is 15, 16, and 11 ohms per square for ITO [<xref rid="B49-materials-10-00570" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>
], AgNW network [<xref rid="B16-materials-10-00570" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
], and FTO [<xref rid="B50-materials-10-00570" ref-type="bibr">50</xref>
], respectively. (<bold>b</bold>
) Comparison showing the relative increase of the electrical resistance between opposite sides of different transparent conductive materials TCMs when subjected to mechanical bending. The associated bending radius of curvature is equal to 5 mm while the TCM is on the opposite side to the bending radius and therefore placed under tension (data extracted from Sannicolo et al. [<xref rid="B14-materials-10-00570" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>
]).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="materials-10-00570-g003"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="materials-10-00570-f004" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label>
<caption><p>(<bold>a</bold>
) In-situ measured resistance versus temperature of a AgNW network (deposited by spray-coating) during a thermal ramp showing that when a 12 nm thick layer of Al<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>3</sub>
is deposited by SALD on AgNWs, a clear stability enhancement is observed since the network can undergo a thermal ramp up to 315 °C for bare AgNW and at least up to 370 °C for coated AgNW. For the coated network, the metallic behaviour can be observed through the linear increase of the electrical resistance with temperature associated to electron-phonon interactions. The SEM pictures are associated to bare AgNW (<bold>b</bold>
) and coated AgNW (<bold>c</bold>
) with 12 nm of Al<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>3</sub>
. The SEM picture (<bold>d</bold>
) corresponds to a higher resolution of a AgNW network coated with 43 nm of Al<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>3</sub>
, where the coating can be clearly seen. Scale bars are 10 µm for (b) and (c) and 500 nm for (d). AgNWs have an average diameter of 90 nm and lengths between 10 to 20 µm, and the associated <italic>amd</italic>
value of the network is about 85 mg/m<sup>2</sup>
.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="materials-10-00570-g004"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="materials-10-00570-f005" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label>
<caption><p>Properties of networks with AgNW of average diameter 117 nm and average length 42.5 µm deposited by spin-coating. (<bold>a</bold>
) Dependence of physical properties versus reduced areal mass density (<italic>amd</italic>
/<italic>amd<sub>c</sub>
</italic>
) of AgNW networks: minimum electrical resistance measured during thermal ramp (as that shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="materials-10-00570-f002">Figure 2</xref>
) (<italic>R<sub>min</sub>
</italic>
), optical transparency (<italic>Topt</italic>
), and haze factor (<italic>HF</italic>
), the later two measured at a wavelength of 550 nm. The circles are experimental data while the fits correspond to the use of Equations (5) and (6) for the resistance and transparency, respectively; (<bold>b</bold>
) Optical transmittance and haze factor (<italic>HF</italic>
) versus sheet resistance of the networks made of AgNW117 networks with various network densities. The fits correspond to the use of Equations (7) and (10), for the transparency and haze factor dependence on sheet resistance, respectively.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="materials-10-00570-g005"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="materials-10-00570-t001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">materials-10-00570-t001_Table 1</object-id>
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>A few characteristics associated to five common methods used to fabricate MNW networks. This corresponds to general indications since the main tendencies depend on experimental conditions and application requirements. Plus signs indicate better values.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin;border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Method</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin;border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Homogeneity</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin;border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scalable</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin;border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cost</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin;border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Examples in the Literature</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spin coating</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+++</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Langley [<xref rid="B21-materials-10-00570" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>
], Lagrange [<xref rid="B16-materials-10-00570" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spray coating</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+++</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+++</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Coskun [<xref rid="B7-materials-10-00570" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vacuum filtration</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+++</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">De [<xref rid="B28-materials-10-00570" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Drop casting</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gobelt [<xref rid="B40-materials-10-00570" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Meyer rod</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+++</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">++</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deng [<xref rid="B17-materials-10-00570" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>
]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>France</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Aghazadehchors, Sara" sort="Aghazadehchors, Sara" uniqKey="Aghazadehchors S" first="Sara" last="Aghazadehchors">Sara Aghazadehchors</name>
<name sortKey="Bellet, Daniel" sort="Bellet, Daniel" uniqKey="Bellet D" first="Daniel" last="Bellet">Daniel Bellet</name>
<name sortKey="Brechet, Yves" sort="Brechet, Yves" uniqKey="Brechet Y" first="Yves" last="Bréchet">Yves Bréchet</name>
<name sortKey="Jimenez, Carmen" sort="Jimenez, Carmen" uniqKey="Jimenez C" first="Carmen" last="Jiménez">Carmen Jiménez</name>
<name sortKey="Lagrange, Melanie" sort="Lagrange, Melanie" uniqKey="Lagrange M" first="Mélanie" last="Lagrange">Mélanie Lagrange</name>
<name sortKey="Langley, Daniel P" sort="Langley, Daniel P" uniqKey="Langley D" first="Daniel P." last="Langley">Daniel P. Langley</name>
<name sortKey="Mu Oz Rojas, David" sort="Mu Oz Rojas, David" uniqKey="Mu Oz Rojas D" first="David" last="Mu Oz-Rojas">David Mu Oz-Rojas</name>
<name sortKey="Nguyen, Ngoc Duy" sort="Nguyen, Ngoc Duy" uniqKey="Nguyen N" first="Ngoc Duy" last="Nguyen">Ngoc Duy Nguyen</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sannicolo, Thomas" sort="Sannicolo, Thomas" uniqKey="Sannicolo T" first="Thomas" last="Sannicolo">Thomas Sannicolo</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Nguyen, Viet Huong" sort="Nguyen, Viet Huong" uniqKey="Nguyen V" first="Viet Huong" last="Nguyen">Viet Huong Nguyen</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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