Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
Identifieur interne : 000027 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000026; suivant : 000028Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
Auteurs : Ronald C. Kessler ; Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola ; Jordi Alonso ; Corina Benjet ; Evelyn J. Bromet ; Graça Cardoso ; Louisa Degenhardt ; Giovanni De Girolamo ; Rumyana V. Dinolova ; Finola Ferry ; Silvia Florescu ; Oye Gureje ; Josep Maria Haro ; Yueqin Huang ; Elie G. Karam ; Norito Kawakami ; Sing Lee ; Jean-Pierre Lepine ; Daphna Levinson ; Fernando Navarro-Mateu ; Beth-Ellen Pennell ; Marina Piazza ; José Posada-Villa ; Kate M. Scott ; Dan J. Stein ; Margreet Ten Have ; Yolanda Torres ; Maria Carmen Viana ; Maria V. Petukhova ; Nancy A. Sampson ; Alan M. Zaslavsky ; Karestan C. KoenenSource :
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology [ 2000-8066 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1353383
PubMed: 29075426
PubMed Central: 5632781
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:5632781Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" sort="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" uniqKey="Aguilar Gaxiola S" first="Sergio" last="Aguilar-Gaxiola">Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Cardoso, Graca" sort="Cardoso, Graca" uniqKey="Cardoso G" first="Graça" last="Cardoso">Graça Cardoso</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Haro, Josep Maria" sort="Haro, Josep Maria" uniqKey="Haro J" first="Josep Maria" last="Haro">Josep Maria Haro</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Huang, Yueqin" sort="Huang, Yueqin" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yueqin" last="Huang">Yueqin Huang</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kawakami, Norito" sort="Kawakami, Norito" uniqKey="Kawakami N" first="Norito" last="Kawakami">Norito Kawakami</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sing" sort="Lee, Sing" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sing" last="Lee">Sing Lee</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lepine, Jean Pierre" sort="Lepine, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Lepine J" first="Jean-Pierre" last="Lepine">Jean-Pierre Lepine</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Levinson, Daphna" sort="Levinson, Daphna" uniqKey="Levinson D" first="Daphna" last="Levinson">Daphna Levinson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Navarro Mateu, Fernando" sort="Navarro Mateu, Fernando" uniqKey="Navarro Mateu F" first="Fernando" last="Navarro-Mateu">Fernando Navarro-Mateu</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pennell, Beth Ellen" sort="Pennell, Beth Ellen" uniqKey="Pennell B" first="Beth-Ellen" last="Pennell">Beth-Ellen Pennell</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Piazza, Marina" sort="Piazza, Marina" uniqKey="Piazza M" first="Marina" last="Piazza">Marina Piazza</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Posada Villa, Jose" sort="Posada Villa, Jose" uniqKey="Posada Villa J" first="José" last="Posada-Villa">José Posada-Villa</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Scott, Kate M" sort="Scott, Kate M" uniqKey="Scott K" first="Kate M." last="Scott">Kate M. Scott</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Stein, Dan J" sort="Stein, Dan J" uniqKey="Stein D" first="Dan J." last="Stein">Dan J. Stein</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ten Have, Margreet" sort="Ten Have, Margreet" uniqKey="Ten Have M" first="Margreet" last="Ten Have">Margreet Ten Have</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Torres, Yolanda" sort="Torres, Yolanda" uniqKey="Torres Y" first="Yolanda" last="Torres">Yolanda Torres</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Petukhova, Maria V" sort="Petukhova, Maria V" uniqKey="Petukhova M" first="Maria V." last="Petukhova">Maria V. Petukhova</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sampson, Nancy A" sort="Sampson, Nancy A" uniqKey="Sampson N" first="Nancy A." last="Sampson">Nancy A. Sampson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Zaslavsky, Alan M" sort="Zaslavsky, Alan M" uniqKey="Zaslavsky A" first="Alan M." last="Zaslavsky">Alan M. Zaslavsky</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Koenen, Karestan C" sort="Koenen, Karestan C" uniqKey="Koenen K" first="Karestan C." last="Koenen">Karestan C. Koenen</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kessler, Ronald C" sort="Kessler, Ronald C" uniqKey="Kessler R" first="Ronald C." last="Kessler">Ronald C. Kessler</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" sort="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" uniqKey="Aguilar Gaxiola S" first="Sergio" last="Aguilar-Gaxiola">Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Alonso, Jordi" sort="Alonso, Jordi" uniqKey="Alonso J" first="Jordi" last="Alonso">Jordi Alonso</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Benjet, Corina" sort="Benjet, Corina" uniqKey="Benjet C" first="Corina" last="Benjet">Corina Benjet</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bromet, Evelyn J" sort="Bromet, Evelyn J" uniqKey="Bromet E" first="Evelyn J." last="Bromet">Evelyn J. Bromet</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Cardoso, Graca" sort="Cardoso, Graca" uniqKey="Cardoso G" first="Graça" last="Cardoso">Graça Cardoso</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Degenhardt, Louisa" sort="Degenhardt, Louisa" uniqKey="Degenhardt L" first="Louisa" last="Degenhardt">Louisa Degenhardt</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="De Girolamo, Giovanni" sort="De Girolamo, Giovanni" uniqKey="De Girolamo G" first="Giovanni" last="De Girolamo">Giovanni De Girolamo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0010"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dinolova, Rumyana V" sort="Dinolova, Rumyana V" uniqKey="Dinolova R" first="Rumyana V." last="Dinolova">Rumyana V. Dinolova</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0011"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferry, Finola" sort="Ferry, Finola" uniqKey="Ferry F" first="Finola" last="Ferry">Finola Ferry</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0012"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Florescu, Silvia" sort="Florescu, Silvia" uniqKey="Florescu S" first="Silvia" last="Florescu">Silvia Florescu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0013"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gureje, Oye" sort="Gureje, Oye" uniqKey="Gureje O" first="Oye" last="Gureje">Oye Gureje</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0014"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haro, Josep Maria" sort="Haro, Josep Maria" uniqKey="Haro J" first="Josep Maria" last="Haro">Josep Maria Haro</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0015"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Yueqin" sort="Huang, Yueqin" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yueqin" last="Huang">Yueqin Huang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0016"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karam, Elie G" sort="Karam, Elie G" uniqKey="Karam E" first="Elie G." last="Karam">Elie G. Karam</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0017"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0018"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0019"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kawakami, Norito" sort="Kawakami, Norito" uniqKey="Kawakami N" first="Norito" last="Kawakami">Norito Kawakami</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0020"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sing" sort="Lee, Sing" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sing" last="Lee">Sing Lee</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0021"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lepine, Jean Pierre" sort="Lepine, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Lepine J" first="Jean-Pierre" last="Lepine">Jean-Pierre Lepine</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0022"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0023"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levinson, Daphna" sort="Levinson, Daphna" uniqKey="Levinson D" first="Daphna" last="Levinson">Daphna Levinson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0024"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Navarro Mateu, Fernando" sort="Navarro Mateu, Fernando" uniqKey="Navarro Mateu F" first="Fernando" last="Navarro-Mateu">Fernando Navarro-Mateu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0025"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pennell, Beth Ellen" sort="Pennell, Beth Ellen" uniqKey="Pennell B" first="Beth-Ellen" last="Pennell">Beth-Ellen Pennell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0026"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Piazza, Marina" sort="Piazza, Marina" uniqKey="Piazza M" first="Marina" last="Piazza">Marina Piazza</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0027"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0028"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Posada Villa, Jose" sort="Posada Villa, Jose" uniqKey="Posada Villa J" first="José" last="Posada-Villa">José Posada-Villa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0029"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scott, Kate M" sort="Scott, Kate M" uniqKey="Scott K" first="Kate M." last="Scott">Kate M. Scott</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0030"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stein, Dan J" sort="Stein, Dan J" uniqKey="Stein D" first="Dan J." last="Stein">Dan J. Stein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0031"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ten Have, Margreet" sort="Ten Have, Margreet" uniqKey="Ten Have M" first="Margreet" last="Ten Have">Margreet Ten Have</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0032"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Torres, Yolanda" sort="Torres, Yolanda" uniqKey="Torres Y" first="Yolanda" last="Torres">Yolanda Torres</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0033"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Viana, Maria Carmen" sort="Viana, Maria Carmen" uniqKey="Viana M" first="Maria Carmen" last="Viana">Maria Carmen Viana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0034"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petukhova, Maria V" sort="Petukhova, Maria V" uniqKey="Petukhova M" first="Maria V." last="Petukhova">Maria V. Petukhova</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0001"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sampson, Nancy A" sort="Sampson, Nancy A" uniqKey="Sampson N" first="Nancy A." last="Sampson">Nancy A. Sampson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0001"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zaslavsky, Alan M" sort="Zaslavsky, Alan M" uniqKey="Zaslavsky A" first="Alan M." last="Zaslavsky">Alan M. Zaslavsky</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0001"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koenen, Karestan C" sort="Koenen, Karestan C" uniqKey="Koenen K" first="Karestan C." last="Koenen">Karestan C. Koenen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AFF0035"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">European Journal of Psychotraumatology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2000-8066</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017">2017</date>
</imprint>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p><bold>Background</bold>
: Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) onset-persistence is thought to vary significantly by trauma type, most epidemiological surveys are incapable of assessing this because they evaluate lifetime PTSD only for traumas nominated by respondents as their ‘worst.’</p>
<p><bold>Objective</bold>
: To review research on associations of trauma type with PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys, a series of epidemiological surveys that obtained representative data on trauma-specific PTSD.</p>
<p><bold>Method</bold>
: WMH Surveys in 24 countries (n = 68,894) assessed 29 lifetime traumas and evaluated PTSD twice for each respondent: once for the ‘worst’ lifetime trauma and separately for a randomly-selected trauma with weighting to adjust for individual differences in trauma exposures. PTSD onset-persistence was evaluated with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview.</p>
<p><bold>Results</bold>
: In total, 70.4% of respondents experienced lifetime traumas, with exposure averaging 3.2 traumas per capita. Substantial between-trauma differences were found in PTSD onset but less in persistence. Traumas involving interpersonal violence had highest risk. Burden of PTSD, determined by multiplying trauma prevalence by trauma-specific PTSD risk and persistence, was 77.7 person-years/100 respondents. The trauma types with highest proportions of this burden were rape (13.1%), other sexual assault (15.1%), being stalked (9.8%), and unexpected death of a loved one (11.6%). The first three of these four represent relatively uncommon traumas with high PTSD risk and the last a very common trauma with low PTSD risk. The broad category of intimate partner sexual violence accounted for nearly 42.7% of all person-years with PTSD. Prior trauma history predicted both future trauma exposure and future PTSD risk.</p>
<p><bold>Conclusions</bold>
: Trauma exposure is common throughout the world, unequally distributed, and differential across trauma types with respect to PTSD risk. Although a substantial minority of PTSD cases remits within months after onset, mean symptom duration is considerably longer than previously recognized.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alonso, J" uniqKey="Alonso J">J. Alonso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petukhova, M" uniqKey="Petukhova M">M. Petukhova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vilagut, G" uniqKey="Vilagut G">G. Vilagut</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chatterji, S" uniqKey="Chatterji S">S. Chatterji</name>
</author>
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<author><name sortKey="Ustun, T B" uniqKey="Ustun T">T. B. Ustun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kessler, R C" uniqKey="Kessler R">R. C. Kessler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Atwoli, L" uniqKey="Atwoli L">L. Atwoli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stein, D J" uniqKey="Stein D">D. J. Stein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="King, A" uniqKey="King A">A. King</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petukhova, M" uniqKey="Petukhova M">M. Petukhova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aguilar Gaxiola, S" uniqKey="Aguilar Gaxiola S">S. Aguilar-Gaxiola</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alonso, J" uniqKey="Alonso J">J. Alonso</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kessler, R C" uniqKey="Kessler R">R. C. Kessler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Atwoli, L" uniqKey="Atwoli L">L. Atwoli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stein, D J" uniqKey="Stein D">D. J. Stein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koenen, K C" uniqKey="Koenen K">K. C. Koenen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mclaughlin, K A" uniqKey="Mclaughlin K">K. A. McLaughlin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Belli, R F" uniqKey="Belli R">R. F. Belli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Benjet, C" uniqKey="Benjet C">C. Benjet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bromet, E" uniqKey="Bromet E">E. Bromet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karam, E G" uniqKey="Karam E">E. G. Karam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kessler, R C" uniqKey="Kessler R">R. C. Kessler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mclaughlin, K A" uniqKey="Mclaughlin K">K. A. McLaughlin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruscio, A M" uniqKey="Ruscio A">A. M. Ruscio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koenen, K C" uniqKey="Koenen K">K. C. Koenen</name>
</author>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Eur J Psychotraumatol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Eur J Psychotraumatol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="archive">ZEPT</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zept20</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>European Journal of Psychotraumatology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2000-8066</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Taylor & Francis</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">29075426</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5632781</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1353383</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/20008198.2017.1353383</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Basic Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kessler</surname>
<given-names>Ronald C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0001"></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="AN0001"></xref>
<xref ref-type="bio" rid="B0001"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aguilar-Gaxiola</surname>
<given-names>Sergio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0002"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alonso</surname>
<given-names>Jordi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0003"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0004"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0005"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Benjet</surname>
<given-names>Corina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0006"></xref>
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4569-6094</contrib-id>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bromet</surname>
<given-names>Evelyn J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0007"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cardoso</surname>
<given-names>Graça</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0008"></xref>
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-0197</contrib-id>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Degenhardt</surname>
<given-names>Louisa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0009"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Girolamo</surname>
<given-names>Giovanni</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0010"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dinolova</surname>
<given-names>Rumyana V.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0011"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ferry</surname>
<given-names>Finola</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0012"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Florescu</surname>
<given-names>Silvia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0013"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gureje</surname>
<given-names>Oye</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0014"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haro</surname>
<given-names>Josep Maria</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0015"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname>
<given-names>Yueqin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0016"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Karam</surname>
<given-names>Elie G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0017"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0018"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0019"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kawakami</surname>
<given-names>Norito</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0020"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Sing</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0021"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lepine</surname>
<given-names>Jean-Pierre</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0022"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0023"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Levinson</surname>
<given-names>Daphna</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0024"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Navarro-Mateu</surname>
<given-names>Fernando</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0025"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pennell</surname>
<given-names>Beth-Ellen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0026"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Piazza</surname>
<given-names>Marina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0027"></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0028"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Posada-Villa</surname>
<given-names>José</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0029"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scott</surname>
<given-names>Kate M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0030"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stein</surname>
<given-names>Dan J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0031"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ten Have</surname>
<given-names>Margreet</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0032"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Torres</surname>
<given-names>Yolanda</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0033"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Viana</surname>
<given-names>Maria Carmen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0034"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Petukhova</surname>
<given-names>Maria V.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0001"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sampson</surname>
<given-names>Nancy A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0001"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zaslavsky</surname>
<given-names>Alan M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0001"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koenen</surname>
<given-names>Karestan C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AFF0035"></xref>
<on-behalf-of>On behalf of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators</on-behalf-of>
</contrib>
<aff id="AFF0001"><label><sup>a</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Health Care Policy</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Harvard Medical School</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Boston</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="state">MA</named-content>
,<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0002"><label><sup>b</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Center for Reducing Health Disparities</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">UC Davis Health System</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Sacramento</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="state">CA</named-content>
,<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0003"><label><sup>c</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Health Services Research Unit</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Barcelona</named-content>
,<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0004"><label><sup>d</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Pompeu Fabra University</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Barcelona</named-content>
,<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0005"><label><sup>e</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="institution-name">CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Barcelona</named-content>
,<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0006"><label><sup>f</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muniz</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Mexico City</named-content>
,<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0007"><label><sup>g</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Stony Brook University School of Medicine</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Stony Brook</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="state">NY</named-content>
,<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0008"><label><sup>h</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health and Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Nova Medical School</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Universidade Nova de Lisboa</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Lisbon</named-content>
,<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0009"><label><sup>i</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">University of New South Wales</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Sydney</named-content>
,<country>Australia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0010"><label><sup>j</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-St. John of God Clinical Research Centre</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Brescia</named-content>
,<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0011"><label><sup>k</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Sector “Mental Health”</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">National Center of Public Health and Analyses</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Sofia</named-content>
,<country>Bulgaria</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0012"><label><sup>l</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Ulster University</named-content>
</institution>
,<country>Northern Ireland</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0013"><label><sup>m</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">National School of Public Health</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Management and Development</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Bucharest</named-content>
,<country>Romania</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0014"><label><sup>n</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">University College Hospital</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Ibadan</named-content>
,<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0015"><label><sup>o</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Barcelona</named-content>
,<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0016"><label><sup>p</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Institute of Mental Health</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Peking University</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Beijing</named-content>
,<country>People’s Republic of China</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0017"><label><sup>q</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Balamand University</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Beirut</named-content>
,<country>Lebanon</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0018"><label><sup>r</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">St George Hospital University Medical Center</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Beirut</named-content>
,<country>Lebanon</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0019"><label><sup>s</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="institution-name">Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC)</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Beirut</named-content>
,<country>Lebanon</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0020"><label><sup>t</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">The University of Tokyo</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Tokyo</named-content>
,<country>Japan</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0021"><label><sup>u</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Chinese University of Hong Kong</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Tai Po</named-content>
,<country>Hong Kong</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0022"><label><sup>v</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Psychiatrie non sectorisée, Hôpital Lariboisière- Fernand Widal</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Paris</named-content>
,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0023"><label><sup>w</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="institution-name">INSERM UMR-S 1144, Universités Paris Descartes-Paris Diderot</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Paris</named-content>
,<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0024"><label><sup>x</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Mental Health Services</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Ministry of Health</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Jerusalem</named-content>
,<country>Israel</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0025"><label><sup>y</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">UDIF-SM, Subdirección General de Planificación, Innovación y Cronicidad, Servicio Murciano de Salud, IMIB-Arrixaca</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">CIBERESP-Murcia</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Murcia</named-content>
,<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0026"><label><sup>z</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">University of Michigan</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Ann Arbor</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="state">MI</named-content>
,<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0027"><label><sup>aa</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Departamento Académico de Salud Pública, Administración y Ciencias Sociales</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Lima</named-content>
,<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0028"><label><sup>ab</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">La Unidad de Análisis y Generación de Evidencias en Salud Pública - UNAGESP</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">National Institute of Health</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Lima</named-content>
,<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0029"><label><sup>ac</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="institution-name">Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="department">Faculty of Social Sciences</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Bogotá</named-content>
,<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0030"><label><sup>ad</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Psychological Medicine</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">University of Otago</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Dunedin</named-content>
,<country>New Zealand</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0031"><label><sup>ae</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">University of Cape Town</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Cape Town</named-content>
,<country>Republic of South Africa</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0032"><label><sup>af</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Trimbos-Instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Utrecht</named-content>
,<country>Netherlands</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0033"><label><sup>ag</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">CES University</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Medellin</named-content>
,<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0034"><label><sup>ah</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Social Medicine</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Federal University of Espírito Santo</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Vitoria</named-content>
,<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="AFF0035"><label><sup>ai</sup>
</label>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Epidemiology</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="institution-name">Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</named-content>
</institution>
,<named-content content-type="city">Boston</named-content>
,<named-content content-type="state">MA</named-content>
,<country>USA</country>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="AN0001">CONTACT Ronald C. Kessler <email xlink:href="Kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu">Kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu</email>
<institution><named-content content-type="department">Department of Health Care Policy</named-content>
, <named-content content-type="institution-name">Harvard Medical School</named-content>
</institution>
, 180 Longwood Avenue, <named-content content-type="city">Boston</named-content>
, <named-content content-type="state">MA</named-content>
<named-content content-type="postal-code">02115</named-content>
, <country>USA</country>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>sup5</issue>
<issue-title>Keynote papers and other highlights of ISTSS 2016</issue-title>
<elocation-id seq="1">1353383</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>23</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>16</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>06</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zept-8-s4-1353383.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p><bold>Background</bold>
: Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) onset-persistence is thought to vary significantly by trauma type, most epidemiological surveys are incapable of assessing this because they evaluate lifetime PTSD only for traumas nominated by respondents as their ‘worst.’</p>
<p><bold>Objective</bold>
: To review research on associations of trauma type with PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys, a series of epidemiological surveys that obtained representative data on trauma-specific PTSD.</p>
<p><bold>Method</bold>
: WMH Surveys in 24 countries (n = 68,894) assessed 29 lifetime traumas and evaluated PTSD twice for each respondent: once for the ‘worst’ lifetime trauma and separately for a randomly-selected trauma with weighting to adjust for individual differences in trauma exposures. PTSD onset-persistence was evaluated with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview.</p>
<p><bold>Results</bold>
: In total, 70.4% of respondents experienced lifetime traumas, with exposure averaging 3.2 traumas per capita. Substantial between-trauma differences were found in PTSD onset but less in persistence. Traumas involving interpersonal violence had highest risk. Burden of PTSD, determined by multiplying trauma prevalence by trauma-specific PTSD risk and persistence, was 77.7 person-years/100 respondents. The trauma types with highest proportions of this burden were rape (13.1%), other sexual assault (15.1%), being stalked (9.8%), and unexpected death of a loved one (11.6%). The first three of these four represent relatively uncommon traumas with high PTSD risk and the last a very common trauma with low PTSD risk. The broad category of intimate partner sexual violence accounted for nearly 42.7% of all person-years with PTSD. Prior trauma history predicted both future trauma exposure and future PTSD risk.</p>
<p><bold>Conclusions</bold>
: Trauma exposure is common throughout the world, unequally distributed, and differential across trauma types with respect to PTSD risk. Although a substantial minority of PTSD cases remits within months after onset, mean symptom duration is considerably longer than previously recognized.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><title>KEYWORDS</title>
<kwd>Burden of illness</kwd>
<kwd>disorder prevalence and persistence</kwd>
<kwd>epidemiology</kwd>
<kwd>post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)</kwd>
<kwd>trauma exposure</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source><named-content content-type="funder-name">Fogarty International Center</named-content>
<named-content content-type="funder-identifier">10.13039/100000061</named-content>
</funding-source>
<award-id>FIRCA R03-TW006481</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source><named-content content-type="funder-name">National Institute of Mental Health</named-content>
<named-content content-type="funder-identifier">10.13039/100000025</named-content>
</funding-source>
<award-id>R01 MH093612-01</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source><named-content content-type="funder-name">National Institute of Mental Health</named-content>
<named-content content-type="funder-identifier">10.13039/100000025</named-content>
</funding-source>
<award-id>R01 MH070884</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source><named-content content-type="funder-name">National Institute of Mental Health</named-content>
<named-content content-type="funder-identifier">10.13039/100000025</named-content>
</funding-source>
<award-id>U01-MH60220</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source><named-content content-type="funder-name">National Research Council of Science and Technology (Mexico)</named-content>
</funding-source>
<award-id>CB-2010-01-155221</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source><named-content content-type="funder-name">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation</named-content>
<named-content content-type="funder-identifier">10.13039/100000867</named-content>
</funding-source>
<award-id>Grant 044708</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source><named-content content-type="funder-name">U.S. Public Health Service</named-content>
<named-content content-type="funder-identifier">10.13039/100007197</named-content>
</funding-source>
<award-id>R01 DA016558</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source><named-content content-type="funder-name">U.S. Public Health Service</named-content>
<named-content content-type="funder-identifier">10.13039/100007197</named-content>
</funding-source>
<award-id>R01-MH069864</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source><named-content content-type="funder-name">U.S. Public Health Service</named-content>
<named-content content-type="funder-identifier">10.13039/100007197</named-content>
</funding-source>
<award-id>R13-MH066849</award-id>
</award-group>
<funding-statement>The World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH; R01 MH070884 and R01 MH093612-01), the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Pfizer Foundation, the US Public Health Service (R13-MH066849, R01-MH069864, and R01 DA016558), the Fogarty International Center (FIRCA R03-TW006481), the Pan American Health Organization, Eli Lilly and Company, Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. A complete list of all within-country and cross-national WMH publications can be found at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/wmh/">http://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/wmh/</ext-link>
. The 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing was funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. The São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey is supported by the State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Thematic Project Grant 03/00204-3. The Bulgarian Epidemiological Study of common mental disorders EPIBUL is supported by the Ministry of Health and the National Center for Public Health Protection. The Chinese World Mental Health Survey Initiative is supported by the Pfizer Foundation. The Colombian National Study of Mental Health (NSMH) is supported by the Ministry of Social Protection. The Mental Health Study Medellín – Colombia was carried out and supported jointly by the Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health (CES University) and the Secretary of Health of Medellín. The ESEMeD project is funded by the European Commission (Contracts QLG5-1999-01042; SANCO 2004123, and EAHC 20081308), the Piedmont Region (Italy), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (FIS 00/0028), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain (SAF 2000-158-CE), Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER CB06/02/0046, RETICS RD06/0011 REM-TAP), and other local agencies and by an unrestricted educational grant from GlaxoSmithKline. The Israel National Health Survey is funded by the Ministry of Health with support from the Israel National Institute for Health Policy and Health Services Research and the National Insurance Institute of Israel. The World Mental Health Japan (WMHJ) Survey is supported by the Grant for Research on Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases and Mental Health (H13-SHOGAI-023, H14-TOKUBETSU-026, H16-KOKORO-013) from the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The Lebanese Evaluation of the Burden of Ailments and Needs Of the Nation (L.E.B.A.N.O.N.) is supported by the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, the WHO (Lebanon), National Institute of Health/Fogarty International Center (R03 TW006481-01), anonymous private donations to IDRAAC, Lebanon, and unrestricted grants from Algorithm, AstraZeneca, Benta, Bella Pharma, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, Novartis, Servier, OmniPharma, Phenicia, Pfizer, UPO. The Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (MNCS) is supported by The National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente (INPRFMDIES 4280) and by the National Council on Science and Technology (CONACyT-G30544- H), with supplemental support from the PanAmerican Health Organization (PAHO). Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey (NZMHS) is supported by the New Zealand Ministry of Health, Alcohol Advisory Council, and the Health Research Council. The Northern Ireland Study of Mental Health was funded by the Health & Social Care Research & Development Division of the Public Health Agency. The Peruvian World Mental Health Study was funded by the National Institute of Health of the Ministry of Health of Peru. The Portuguese Mental Health Study was carried out by the Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA University of Lisbon, with collaboration of the Portuguese Catholic University, and was funded by Champalimaud Foundation, Gulbenkian Foundation, Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and Ministry of Health. The Romania WMH study projects ‘Policies in Mental Health Area’ and ‘National Study regarding Mental Health and Services Use’ were carried out by the National School of Public Health & Health Services Management (former National Institute for Research & Development in Health), with technical support of Metro Media Transilvania, the National Institute of Statistics-National Centre for Training in Statistics, S.C. Cheyenne Services SRL, Statistics Netherlands and were funded by the Ministry of Public Health (former Ministry of Health) with supplemental support of Eli Lilly Romania SRL. The South Africa Stress and Health Study (SASH) is supported by the US National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH059575) and National Institute of Drug Abuse with supplemental funding from the South African Department of Health and the University of Michigan. The Psychiatric Enquiry to General Population in Southeast Spain – Murcia (PEGASUS-Murcia) Project has been financed by the Regional Health Authorities of Murcia (Servicio Murciano de Salud and Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social) and Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitarias (FFIS) of Murcia. The Ukraine Comorbid Mental Disorders during Periods of Social Disruption (CMDPSD) study is funded by the US National Institute of Mental Health (RO1-MH61905). The US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH; U01-MH60220) with supplemental support from the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF; Grant 044708), and the John W. Alden Trust. Dr Dan Stein is supported by the Medical Research Council of South Africa (MRC). Corina Benjet has received funding from the (Mexican) National Council of Science and Technology (grant CB-2010-01-155221).</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts><fig-count count="2"></fig-count>
<table-count count="4"></table-count>
<ref-count count="62"></ref-count>
<page-count count="17"></page-count>
</counts>
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</front>
</pmc>
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<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" sort="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" uniqKey="Aguilar Gaxiola S" first="Sergio" last="Aguilar-Gaxiola">Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola</name>
<name sortKey="Alonso, Jordi" sort="Alonso, Jordi" uniqKey="Alonso J" first="Jordi" last="Alonso">Jordi Alonso</name>
<name sortKey="Benjet, Corina" sort="Benjet, Corina" uniqKey="Benjet C" first="Corina" last="Benjet">Corina Benjet</name>
<name sortKey="Bromet, Evelyn J" sort="Bromet, Evelyn J" uniqKey="Bromet E" first="Evelyn J." last="Bromet">Evelyn J. Bromet</name>
<name sortKey="Cardoso, Graca" sort="Cardoso, Graca" uniqKey="Cardoso G" first="Graça" last="Cardoso">Graça Cardoso</name>
<name sortKey="De Girolamo, Giovanni" sort="De Girolamo, Giovanni" uniqKey="De Girolamo G" first="Giovanni" last="De Girolamo">Giovanni De Girolamo</name>
<name sortKey="Degenhardt, Louisa" sort="Degenhardt, Louisa" uniqKey="Degenhardt L" first="Louisa" last="Degenhardt">Louisa Degenhardt</name>
<name sortKey="Dinolova, Rumyana V" sort="Dinolova, Rumyana V" uniqKey="Dinolova R" first="Rumyana V." last="Dinolova">Rumyana V. Dinolova</name>
<name sortKey="Ferry, Finola" sort="Ferry, Finola" uniqKey="Ferry F" first="Finola" last="Ferry">Finola Ferry</name>
<name sortKey="Florescu, Silvia" sort="Florescu, Silvia" uniqKey="Florescu S" first="Silvia" last="Florescu">Silvia Florescu</name>
<name sortKey="Gureje, Oye" sort="Gureje, Oye" uniqKey="Gureje O" first="Oye" last="Gureje">Oye Gureje</name>
<name sortKey="Haro, Josep Maria" sort="Haro, Josep Maria" uniqKey="Haro J" first="Josep Maria" last="Haro">Josep Maria Haro</name>
<name sortKey="Huang, Yueqin" sort="Huang, Yueqin" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yueqin" last="Huang">Yueqin Huang</name>
<name sortKey="Karam, Elie G" sort="Karam, Elie G" uniqKey="Karam E" first="Elie G." last="Karam">Elie G. Karam</name>
<name sortKey="Kawakami, Norito" sort="Kawakami, Norito" uniqKey="Kawakami N" first="Norito" last="Kawakami">Norito Kawakami</name>
<name sortKey="Kessler, Ronald C" sort="Kessler, Ronald C" uniqKey="Kessler R" first="Ronald C." last="Kessler">Ronald C. Kessler</name>
<name sortKey="Koenen, Karestan C" sort="Koenen, Karestan C" uniqKey="Koenen K" first="Karestan C." last="Koenen">Karestan C. Koenen</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Sing" sort="Lee, Sing" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sing" last="Lee">Sing Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lepine, Jean Pierre" sort="Lepine, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Lepine J" first="Jean-Pierre" last="Lepine">Jean-Pierre Lepine</name>
<name sortKey="Levinson, Daphna" sort="Levinson, Daphna" uniqKey="Levinson D" first="Daphna" last="Levinson">Daphna Levinson</name>
<name sortKey="Navarro Mateu, Fernando" sort="Navarro Mateu, Fernando" uniqKey="Navarro Mateu F" first="Fernando" last="Navarro-Mateu">Fernando Navarro-Mateu</name>
<name sortKey="Pennell, Beth Ellen" sort="Pennell, Beth Ellen" uniqKey="Pennell B" first="Beth-Ellen" last="Pennell">Beth-Ellen Pennell</name>
<name sortKey="Petukhova, Maria V" sort="Petukhova, Maria V" uniqKey="Petukhova M" first="Maria V." last="Petukhova">Maria V. Petukhova</name>
<name sortKey="Piazza, Marina" sort="Piazza, Marina" uniqKey="Piazza M" first="Marina" last="Piazza">Marina Piazza</name>
<name sortKey="Posada Villa, Jose" sort="Posada Villa, Jose" uniqKey="Posada Villa J" first="José" last="Posada-Villa">José Posada-Villa</name>
<name sortKey="Sampson, Nancy A" sort="Sampson, Nancy A" uniqKey="Sampson N" first="Nancy A." last="Sampson">Nancy A. Sampson</name>
<name sortKey="Scott, Kate M" sort="Scott, Kate M" uniqKey="Scott K" first="Kate M." last="Scott">Kate M. Scott</name>
<name sortKey="Stein, Dan J" sort="Stein, Dan J" uniqKey="Stein D" first="Dan J." last="Stein">Dan J. Stein</name>
<name sortKey="Ten Have, Margreet" sort="Ten Have, Margreet" uniqKey="Ten Have M" first="Margreet" last="Ten Have">Margreet Ten Have</name>
<name sortKey="Torres, Yolanda" sort="Torres, Yolanda" uniqKey="Torres Y" first="Yolanda" last="Torres">Yolanda Torres</name>
<name sortKey="Viana, Maria Carmen" sort="Viana, Maria Carmen" uniqKey="Viana M" first="Maria Carmen" last="Viana">Maria Carmen Viana</name>
<name sortKey="Zaslavsky, Alan M" sort="Zaslavsky, Alan M" uniqKey="Zaslavsky A" first="Alan M." last="Zaslavsky">Alan M. Zaslavsky</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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