Development of ice particles in convective clouds observed over the Black Forest mountains during COPS
Identifieur interne : 004041 ( PascalFrancis/Curation ); précédent : 004040; suivant : 004042Development of ice particles in convective clouds observed over the Black Forest mountains during COPS
Auteurs : YAHUI HUANG [Royaume-Uni] ; Alan M. Blyth [Royaume-Uni] ; Philip R. A. Brown [Royaume-Uni] ; Richard Cotton [Royaume-Uni] ; Jonathan Crosier [Royaume-Uni] ; Keith N. Bower [Royaume-Uni] ; Martin W. Gallagher [Royaume-Uni] ; Hazel Jones [Royaume-Uni] ; Alan M. Gadian [Royaume-Uni] ; Tom W. Choularton [Royaume-Uni] ; John Cardwell [Royaume-Uni] ; Hugh Coe [Royaume-Uni] ; Stephen D. Mobbs [Royaume-Uni] ; Martin Hagen [Allemagne]Source :
- Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society [ 0035-9009 ] ; 2011.
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Abstract
A combination of modelling studies and ground-based and aircraft measurements is used to examine the development of ice particles in convective clouds observed over the Black Forest mountains during the Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS). High concentrations of relatively small ice particles were observed in the weaker northern cell that developed on convergence lines over the mountains in the much-studied 15 July 2007 case. The conditions in the cloud were not conducive for the Hallett-Mossop process. Instead, the explanation for such high concentrations of ice is likely associated with the type of ice nuclei ingested into the cloud. Biological nuclei, oxidised organic aerosol particles in the polluted air vented from the Murg valley into the cloud base, and desert dust are all possible candidates. A model sensitivity test with biological nuclei produced similar concentrations of ice particles to the observations. In contrast, the high concentration of ice particles measured in clouds that advected over the Black Forest mountains on 11 July 2007 were likely due to the Hallett-Mossop process. The deep convective cell at the southern end of the COPS domain on 15 July 2007 developed in less polluted air than the shallower northern cloud. A model sensitivity test with lower aerosol loading produced a more vigorous cloud with a higher top, more precipitation, and greater reflectivity, more similar to the radar observations. The results suggest that aerosol particles vented out of the valleys could have a significant impact on orographically induced precipitation.
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Blyth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>NCAS, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Philip R A" sort="Brown, Philip R A" uniqKey="Brown P" first="Philip R. A." last="Brown">Philip R. A. Brown</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Met Office</s1><s2>Exeter</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cotton, Richard" sort="Cotton, Richard" uniqKey="Cotton R" first="Richard" last="Cotton">Richard Cotton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Met Office</s1><s2>Exeter</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crosier, Jonathan" sort="Crosier, Jonathan" uniqKey="Crosier J" first="Jonathan" last="Crosier">Jonathan Crosier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>NCAS, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bower, Keith N" sort="Bower, Keith N" uniqKey="Bower K" first="Keith N." last="Bower">Keith N. Bower</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallagher, Martin W" sort="Gallagher, Martin W" uniqKey="Gallagher M" first="Martin W." last="Gallagher">Martin W. Gallagher</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Hazel" sort="Jones, Hazel" uniqKey="Jones H" first="Hazel" last="Jones">Hazel Jones</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gadian, Alan M" sort="Gadian, Alan M" uniqKey="Gadian A" first="Alan M." last="Gadian">Alan M. Gadian</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>NCAS, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choularton, Tom W" sort="Choularton, Tom W" uniqKey="Choularton T" first="Tom W." last="Choularton">Tom W. Choularton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardwell, John" sort="Cardwell, John" uniqKey="Cardwell J" first="John" last="Cardwell">John Cardwell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coe, Hugh" sort="Coe, Hugh" uniqKey="Coe H" first="Hugh" last="Coe">Hugh Coe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mobbs, Stephen D" sort="Mobbs, Stephen D" uniqKey="Mobbs S" first="Stephen D." last="Mobbs">Stephen D. Mobbs</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>NCAS, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hagen, Martin" sort="Hagen, Martin" uniqKey="Hagen M" first="Martin" last="Hagen">Martin Hagen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt</s1><s2>Oberpfaffenhofen</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.</title><idno type="ISSN">0035-9009</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.</title><idno type="ISSN">0035-9009</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Air pollution</term><term>Aircraft observation</term><term>Black Forest</term><term>Cloud base</term><term>Convection cell</term><term>Convective cloud</term><term>Convergence</term><term>Ice nucleus</term><term>Radar observation</term><term>Reflectance</term><term>aerosols</term><term>atmospheric precipitation</term><term>deserts</term><term>dust</term><term>ice</term><term>models</term><term>mountains</term><term>sensitivity analysis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Glace</term><term>Nuage convectif</term><term>Massif montagneux</term><term>Observation par avion</term><term>Précipitation atmosphérique</term><term>Convergence</term><term>Noyau congélation</term><term>Aérosol</term><term>Pollution air</term><term>Base nuage</term><term>Désert</term><term>Poussière</term><term>Modèle</term><term>Analyse sensibilité</term><term>Cellule convection</term><term>Facteur réflexion</term><term>Observation radar</term><term>Forêt Noire</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Glace</term><term>Aérosol</term><term>Désert</term><term>Poussière</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">A combination of modelling studies and ground-based and aircraft measurements is used to examine the development of ice particles in convective clouds observed over the Black Forest mountains during the Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS). High concentrations of relatively small ice particles were observed in the weaker northern cell that developed on convergence lines over the mountains in the much-studied 15 July 2007 case. The conditions in the cloud were not conducive for the Hallett-Mossop process. Instead, the explanation for such high concentrations of ice is likely associated with the type of ice nuclei ingested into the cloud. Biological nuclei, oxidised organic aerosol particles in the polluted air vented from the Murg valley into the cloud base, and desert dust are all possible candidates. A model sensitivity test with biological nuclei produced similar concentrations of ice particles to the observations. In contrast, the high concentration of ice particles measured in clouds that advected over the Black Forest mountains on 11 July 2007 were likely due to the Hallett-Mossop process. The deep convective cell at the southern end of the COPS domain on 15 July 2007 developed in less polluted air than the shallower northern cloud. A model sensitivity test with lower aerosol loading produced a more vigorous cloud with a higher top, more precipitation, and greater reflectivity, more similar to the radar observations. The results suggest that aerosol particles vented out of the valleys could have a significant impact on orographically induced precipitation.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0035-9009</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>QJRMAM</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>137</s2></fA05><fA06><s3>SUP1</s3></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Development of ice particles in convective clouds observed over the Black Forest mountains during COPS</s1></fA08><fA09 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Advances in the understanding of convective processes and precipitation over low-mountain regions through the Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS)</s1></fA09><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>YAHUI HUANG</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>BLYTH (Alan M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>BROWN (Philip R. A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>COTTON (Richard)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>CROSIER (Jonathan)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>BOWER (Keith N.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>GALLAGHER (Martin W.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>JONES (Hazel)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>GADIAN (Alan M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>CHOULARTON (Tom W.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="11" i2="1"><s1>CARDWELL (John)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="12" i2="1"><s1>COE (Hugh)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="13" i2="1"><s1>MOBBS (Stephen D.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="14" i2="1"><s1>HAGEN (Martin)</s1></fA11><fA12 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>WULFMEYER (V.)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>FLAMANT (C.)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>BEHRENDT (A.)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>BLYTH (A.)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>BROWN (A.)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>DORNINGER (M.)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>ILLINGWORTH (A.)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>MASCART (P.)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>MONTANI (A.)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>WECKWERTH (T.)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>NCAS, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>Met Office</s1><s2>Exeter</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>NCAS, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="06"><s1>Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt</s1><s2>Oberpfaffenhofen</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA15 i1="01"><s1>Institute of Physics and Meteorology (IPM), University of Hahenhaim (UHOH)</s1><s2>Stuttgart</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA15 i1="02"><s1>Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, CNRS/UPMC/UVSQ</s1><s2>Paris</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA15 i1="03"><s1>National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA15 i1="04"><s1>Met Office</s1><s2>Exeter</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA15 i1="05"><s1>Deparmtent of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna</s1><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA15 i1="06"><s1>Department of Meteorology, University of Reading</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA15 i1="07"><s1>Laboratoire d'Aérologie - UMR 5560</s1><s2>Toulouse</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA15 i1="08"><s1>ARPA-SIM</s1><s2>Bologna</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA15 i1="09"><s1>National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR)</s1><s2>Boulder, CO</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></fA15><fA20><s1>275-286</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2011</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>3134</s2><s5>354000193711790180</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2011 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>1 p.1/2</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>11-0163352</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>GBR</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>A combination of modelling studies and ground-based and aircraft measurements is used to examine the development of ice particles in convective clouds observed over the Black Forest mountains during the Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS). High concentrations of relatively small ice particles were observed in the weaker northern cell that developed on convergence lines over the mountains in the much-studied 15 July 2007 case. The conditions in the cloud were not conducive for the Hallett-Mossop process. Instead, the explanation for such high concentrations of ice is likely associated with the type of ice nuclei ingested into the cloud. Biological nuclei, oxidised organic aerosol particles in the polluted air vented from the Murg valley into the cloud base, and desert dust are all possible candidates. A model sensitivity test with biological nuclei produced similar concentrations of ice particles to the observations. In contrast, the high concentration of ice particles measured in clouds that advected over the Black Forest mountains on 11 July 2007 were likely due to the Hallett-Mossop process. The deep convective cell at the southern end of the COPS domain on 15 July 2007 developed in less polluted air than the shallower northern cloud. A model sensitivity test with lower aerosol loading produced a more vigorous cloud with a higher top, more precipitation, and greater reflectivity, more similar to the radar observations. The results suggest that aerosol particles vented out of the valleys could have a significant impact on orographically induced precipitation.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="2"><s0>001E02H</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="02" i2="2"><s0>001E02D</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Glace</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>ice</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Hielo</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Nuage convectif</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Convective cloud</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nube convección</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Massif montagneux</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>mountains</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Macizo montañoso</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Observation par avion</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Aircraft observation</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Observación por avión</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Précipitation atmosphérique</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>atmospheric precipitation</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Precipitación atmosférica</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Convergence</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Convergence</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Convergencia</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Noyau congélation</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ice nucleus</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Núcleo congelación</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Aérosol</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>aerosols</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Aerosol</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Pollution air</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Air pollution</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Contaminación aire</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Base nuage</s0><s5>10</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Cloud base</s0><s5>10</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Base nube</s0><s5>10</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Désert</s0><s5>11</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>deserts</s0><s5>11</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="11" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Desierto</s0><s5>11</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Poussière</s0><s5>12</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>dust</s0><s5>12</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Polvo</s0><s5>12</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Modèle</s0><s5>13</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>models</s0><s5>13</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Modelo</s0><s5>13</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="14" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Analyse sensibilité</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="14" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>sensitivity analysis</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Cellule convection</s0><s5>15</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Convection cell</s0><s5>15</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Célula convección</s0><s5>15</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Facteur réflexion</s0><s5>16</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Reflectance</s0><s5>16</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Coeficiente reflexión</s0><s5>16</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Observation radar</s0><s5>17</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Radar observation</s0><s5>17</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Observación radar</s0><s5>17</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Forêt Noire</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>21</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Black Forest</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>21</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Bosque Negro</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>21</s5></fC03><fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Bade Wurtemberg</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Baden-Wurttemberg Germany</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Bade Wurtemberg</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Allemagne</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Germany</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Alemania</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Europe Centrale</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Central Europe</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Europa central</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Europe</s0><s2>564</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Europe</s0><s2>564</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Europa</s0><s2>564</s2></fC07><fN21><s1>101</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA></standard></inist></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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