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Normal faults and gas migration in an active plate boundary, southern Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand

Identifieur interne : 000F62 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 000F61; suivant : 000F63

Normal faults and gas migration in an active plate boundary, southern Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand

Auteurs : Bradley R. Ilg ; Samuel Hemmings-Sykes ; Andrew Nicol ; Jan Baur ; Miko Fohrmann ; Rob Funnell ; Mike Milner

Source :

RBID : Pascal:12-0388867

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

The function of normal faults in upsequence flow of gas has been examined using two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic-reflection data from the southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The spatial distributions of late-stage normal faults, gas chimneys, thickness of the Oligocene mudstone-rich seal (Otaraoa Formation), and modeled hydrocarbon expulsion volumes are compared. Gas chimneys are most common above Cretaceous source rocks modeled to have expelled hydrocarbons. Most (∼70%) of the observed gas chimneys follow, and/ or are rooted in, late-stage normal faults. These faults are the primary seal bypass mechanism for hydrocarbons, where they displace the seal (or intersect faults that displace the seal) and the seal is thick (e.g., more tan ∼340 m [∼1115 ft]). Active vertical gas flow through the seal commenced after the onset of faulting (∼3.6 Ma), whereas subseal lateral flow started significantly earlier at approximately 15 Ma and resulted in an early charge of structural highs. Gas flow up along faults in low-permeability mudstones (<1 md) is channelized with steep chimneys commonly occurring close to fault tips and relay ramps. In these cases, gas flow may be focused by the presence of high densities of open fractures locally elevating upsequence bulk permeabilities to approximately 1 to 400 md.

Notice en format standard (ISO 2709)

Pour connaître la documentation sur le format Inist Standard.

pA  
A01 01  1    @0 0149-1423
A02 01      @0 AABUD2
A03   1    @0 AAPG bull.
A05       @2 96
A06       @2 9
A08 01  1  ENG  @1 Normal faults and gas migration in an active plate boundary, southern Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand
A11 01  1    @1 ILG (Bradley R.)
A11 02  1    @1 HEMMINGS-SYKES (Samuel)
A11 03  1    @1 NICOL (Andrew)
A11 04  1    @1 BAUR (Jan)
A11 05  1    @1 FOHRMANN (Miko)
A11 06  1    @1 FUNNELL (Rob)
A11 07  1    @1 MILNER (Mike)
A14 01      @1 New Zealand Petroleum and Minerals, Ministry of Economic Development, P.O. Box 1473 @2 Wellington @3 NZL @Z 1 aut.
A14 02      @1 ExxonMobil, 12 Riverside Quay, Southbank Victoria 3006 @2 Melbourne @3 AUS @Z 2 aut.
A14 03      @1 GNS Science, P.O. Box 30368 @2 Lower Hutt @3 NZL @Z 3 aut.
A14 04      @1 Total Exploration and Production, Scientific and Technical Center Jean Feger, Avenue Larribau @2 Pau @3 FRA @Z 4 aut.
A14 05      @1 CNS Science, P.O. Box 30368 @2 Lower Hutt @3 NZL @Z 5 aut. @Z 6 aut.
A14 06      @1 OMV, 10 Brandon Street @2 Wellington @3 NZL @Z 7 aut.
A20       @1 1733-1756
A21       @1 2012
A23 01      @0 ENG
A43 01      @1 INIST @2 3085 @5 354000508378720070
A44       @0 0000 @1 © 2012 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.
A45       @0 3 p.3/4
A47 01  1    @0 12-0388867
A60       @1 P
A61       @0 A
A64 01  1    @0 AAPG bulletin
A66 01      @0 USA
C01 01    ENG  @0 The function of normal faults in upsequence flow of gas has been examined using two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic-reflection data from the southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The spatial distributions of late-stage normal faults, gas chimneys, thickness of the Oligocene mudstone-rich seal (Otaraoa Formation), and modeled hydrocarbon expulsion volumes are compared. Gas chimneys are most common above Cretaceous source rocks modeled to have expelled hydrocarbons. Most (∼70%) of the observed gas chimneys follow, and/ or are rooted in, late-stage normal faults. These faults are the primary seal bypass mechanism for hydrocarbons, where they displace the seal (or intersect faults that displace the seal) and the seal is thick (e.g., more tan ∼340 m [∼1115 ft]). Active vertical gas flow through the seal commenced after the onset of faulting (∼3.6 Ma), whereas subseal lateral flow started significantly earlier at approximately 15 Ma and resulted in an early charge of structural highs. Gas flow up along faults in low-permeability mudstones (<1 md) is channelized with steep chimneys commonly occurring close to fault tips and relay ramps. In these cases, gas flow may be focused by the presence of high densities of open fractures locally elevating upsequence bulk permeabilities to approximately 1 to 400 md.
C02 01  2    @0 001E01G03
C02 02  2    @0 001E01I
C02 03  2    @0 001E01M04
C02 04  2    @0 223A03
C02 05  2    @0 224A
C02 06  2    @0 225B04
C03 01  2  FRE  @0 Faille normale @5 01
C03 01  2  ENG  @0 normal faults @5 01
C03 01  2  SPA  @0 Falla normal @5 01
C03 02  2  FRE  @0 Migration @5 02
C03 02  2  ENG  @0 migration @5 02
C03 02  2  SPA  @0 Migración @5 02
C03 03  2  FRE  @0 Limite plaque @5 03
C03 03  2  ENG  @0 plate boundaries @5 03
C03 03  2  SPA  @0 Límite placa @5 03
C03 04  2  FRE  @0 Off shore @5 04
C03 04  2  ENG  @0 offshore @5 04
C03 04  2  SPA  @0 Off shore @5 04
C03 05  2  FRE  @0 Ecoulement @5 05
C03 05  2  ENG  @0 flow @5 05
C03 06  2  FRE  @0 Sismique 3D @5 06
C03 06  2  ENG  @0 three-dimensional seismics @5 06
C03 06  2  SPA  @0 Sísmica 3D @5 06
C03 07  2  FRE  @0 Distribution spatiale @5 07
C03 07  2  ENG  @0 spatial distribution @5 07
C03 07  2  SPA  @0 Distribución espacial @5 07
C03 08  2  FRE  @0 Epaisseur @5 09
C03 08  2  ENG  @0 thickness @5 09
C03 08  2  SPA  @0 Espesor @5 09
C03 09  2  FRE  @0 Oligocène @2 NX @5 10
C03 09  2  ENG  @0 Oligocene @2 NX @5 10
C03 09  2  SPA  @0 Oligoceno @2 NX @5 10
C03 10  2  FRE  @0 Mudstone @2 NV @5 11
C03 10  2  ENG  @0 mudstone @2 NV @5 11
C03 11  2  FRE  @0 Modèle @5 12
C03 11  2  ENG  @0 models @5 12
C03 11  2  SPA  @0 Modelo @5 12
C03 12  2  FRE  @0 Hydrocarbure @5 13
C03 12  2  ENG  @0 hydrocarbons @5 13
C03 12  2  SPA  @0 Hidrocarburo @5 13
C03 13  2  FRE  @0 Crétacé @2 NX @5 14
C03 13  2  ENG  @0 Cretaceous @2 NX @5 14
C03 13  2  SPA  @0 Cretáceo @2 NX @5 14
C03 14  2  FRE  @0 Roche mère @5 15
C03 14  2  ENG  @0 source rocks @5 15
C03 14  2  SPA  @0 Roca madre @5 15
C03 15  2  FRE  @0 Perméabilité @5 16
C03 15  2  ENG  @0 permeability @5 16
C03 15  2  SPA  @0 Permeabilidad @5 16
C03 16  2  FRE  @0 Densité @5 17
C03 16  2  ENG  @0 density @5 17
C03 16  2  SPA  @0 Densidad @5 17
C03 17  2  FRE  @0 Fracture ouverte @5 18
C03 17  2  ENG  @0 open fractures @5 18
C03 17  2  SPA  @0 Fractura abierta @5 18
C03 18  2  FRE  @0 Gaz naturel @5 19
C03 18  2  ENG  @0 natural gas @5 19
C03 18  2  SPA  @0 Gas natural @5 19
C03 19  2  FRE  @0 Sismique réflexion @5 20
C03 19  2  ENG  @0 seismic reflection @5 20
C03 19  2  SPA  @0 Método reflexión sísmica @5 20
C03 20  2  FRE  @0 Formation Otaraoa @4 INC @5 52
C03 21  2  FRE  @0 Bassin Taranaki @2 NG @5 61
C03 21  2  ENG  @0 Taranaki Basin @2 NG @5 61
C03 22  2  FRE  @0 Nouvelle Zélande @2 NG @5 62
C03 22  2  ENG  @0 New Zealand @2 NG @5 62
C03 22  2  SPA  @0 Nueva Zelandia @2 NG @5 62
C07 01  2  FRE  @0 Paléogène @2 NX
C07 01  2  ENG  @0 Paleogene @2 NX
C07 01  2  SPA  @0 Paleógeno @2 NX
C07 02  2  FRE  @0 Tertiaire @2 NX
C07 02  2  ENG  @0 Tertiary @2 NX
C07 02  2  SPA  @0 Terciario @2 NX
C07 03  2  FRE  @0 Cénozoïque @2 NX
C07 03  2  ENG  @0 Cenozoic @2 NX
C07 03  2  SPA  @0 Cenozoico @2 NX
C07 04  2  FRE  @0 Phanérozoïque @2 NX
C07 04  2  ENG  @0 Phanerozoic @2 NX
C07 04  2  SPA  @0 Fanerozoico @2 NX
C07 05  2  FRE  @0 Roche clastique @2 NV
C07 05  2  ENG  @0 clastic rocks @2 NV
C07 05  2  SPA  @0 Roca clástica @2 NV
C07 06  2  FRE  @0 Roche sédimentaire @2 NV
C07 06  2  ENG  @0 sedimentary rocks @2 NV
C07 06  2  SPA  @0 Roca sedimentaria @2 NV
C07 07  2  FRE  @0 Mésozoïque @2 NX
C07 07  2  ENG  @0 Mesozoic @2 NX
C07 08  2  FRE  @0 Océan Pacifique Ouest @2 NG
C07 08  2  ENG  @0 West Pacific @2 NG
C07 09  2  FRE  @0 Océan Pacifique @2 564
C07 09  2  ENG  @0 Pacific Ocean @2 564
C07 09  2  SPA  @0 Océano Pacífico @2 564
C07 10  2  FRE  @0 Australasie
C07 10  2  ENG  @0 Australasia
C07 10  2  SPA  @0 Australasia
N21       @1 303

Format Inist (serveur)

NO : PASCAL 12-0388867 INIST
ET : Normal faults and gas migration in an active plate boundary, southern Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand
AU : ILG (Bradley R.); HEMMINGS-SYKES (Samuel); NICOL (Andrew); BAUR (Jan); FOHRMANN (Miko); FUNNELL (Rob); MILNER (Mike)
AF : New Zealand Petroleum and Minerals, Ministry of Economic Development, P.O. Box 1473/Wellington/Nouvelle-Zélande (1 aut.); ExxonMobil, 12 Riverside Quay, Southbank Victoria 3006/Melbourne/Australie (2 aut.); GNS Science, P.O. Box 30368/Lower Hutt/Nouvelle-Zélande (3 aut.); Total Exploration and Production, Scientific and Technical Center Jean Feger, Avenue Larribau/Pau/France (4 aut.); CNS Science, P.O. Box 30368/Lower Hutt/Nouvelle-Zélande (5 aut., 6 aut.); OMV, 10 Brandon Street/Wellington/Nouvelle-Zélande (7 aut.)
DT : Publication en série; Niveau analytique
SO : AAPG bulletin; ISSN 0149-1423; Coden AABUD2; Etats-Unis; Da. 2012; Vol. 96; No. 9; Pp. 1733-1756; Bibl. 3 p.3/4
LA : Anglais
EA : The function of normal faults in upsequence flow of gas has been examined using two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic-reflection data from the southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The spatial distributions of late-stage normal faults, gas chimneys, thickness of the Oligocene mudstone-rich seal (Otaraoa Formation), and modeled hydrocarbon expulsion volumes are compared. Gas chimneys are most common above Cretaceous source rocks modeled to have expelled hydrocarbons. Most (∼70%) of the observed gas chimneys follow, and/ or are rooted in, late-stage normal faults. These faults are the primary seal bypass mechanism for hydrocarbons, where they displace the seal (or intersect faults that displace the seal) and the seal is thick (e.g., more tan ∼340 m [∼1115 ft]). Active vertical gas flow through the seal commenced after the onset of faulting (∼3.6 Ma), whereas subseal lateral flow started significantly earlier at approximately 15 Ma and resulted in an early charge of structural highs. Gas flow up along faults in low-permeability mudstones (<1 md) is channelized with steep chimneys commonly occurring close to fault tips and relay ramps. In these cases, gas flow may be focused by the presence of high densities of open fractures locally elevating upsequence bulk permeabilities to approximately 1 to 400 md.
CC : 001E01G03; 001E01I; 001E01M04; 223A03; 224A; 225B04
FD : Faille normale; Migration; Limite plaque; Off shore; Ecoulement; Sismique 3D; Distribution spatiale; Epaisseur; Oligocène; Mudstone; Modèle; Hydrocarbure; Crétacé; Roche mère; Perméabilité; Densité; Fracture ouverte; Gaz naturel; Sismique réflexion; Formation Otaraoa; Bassin Taranaki; Nouvelle Zélande
FG : Paléogène; Tertiaire; Cénozoïque; Phanérozoïque; Roche clastique; Roche sédimentaire; Mésozoïque; Océan Pacifique Ouest; Océan Pacifique; Australasie
ED : normal faults; migration; plate boundaries; offshore; flow; three-dimensional seismics; spatial distribution; thickness; Oligocene; mudstone; models; hydrocarbons; Cretaceous; source rocks; permeability; density; open fractures; natural gas; seismic reflection; Taranaki Basin; New Zealand
EG : Paleogene; Tertiary; Cenozoic; Phanerozoic; clastic rocks; sedimentary rocks; Mesozoic; West Pacific; Pacific Ocean; Australasia
SD : Falla normal; Migración; Límite placa; Off shore; Sísmica 3D; Distribución espacial; Espesor; Oligoceno; Modelo; Hidrocarburo; Cretáceo; Roca madre; Permeabilidad; Densidad; Fractura abierta; Gas natural; Método reflexión sísmica; Nueva Zelandia
LO : INIST-3085.354000508378720070
ID : 12-0388867

Links to Exploration step

Pascal:12-0388867

Le document en format XML

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<term>New Zealand</term>
<term>Oligocene</term>
<term>Taranaki Basin</term>
<term>density</term>
<term>flow</term>
<term>hydrocarbons</term>
<term>migration</term>
<term>models</term>
<term>mudstone</term>
<term>natural gas</term>
<term>normal faults</term>
<term>offshore</term>
<term>open fractures</term>
<term>permeability</term>
<term>plate boundaries</term>
<term>seismic reflection</term>
<term>source rocks</term>
<term>spatial distribution</term>
<term>thickness</term>
<term>three-dimensional seismics</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Faille normale</term>
<term>Migration</term>
<term>Limite plaque</term>
<term>Off shore</term>
<term>Ecoulement</term>
<term>Sismique 3D</term>
<term>Distribution spatiale</term>
<term>Epaisseur</term>
<term>Oligocène</term>
<term>Mudstone</term>
<term>Modèle</term>
<term>Hydrocarbure</term>
<term>Crétacé</term>
<term>Roche mère</term>
<term>Perméabilité</term>
<term>Densité</term>
<term>Fracture ouverte</term>
<term>Gaz naturel</term>
<term>Sismique réflexion</term>
<term>Formation Otaraoa</term>
<term>Bassin Taranaki</term>
<term>Nouvelle Zélande</term>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The function of normal faults in upsequence flow of gas has been examined using two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic-reflection data from the southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The spatial distributions of late-stage normal faults, gas chimneys, thickness of the Oligocene mudstone-rich seal (Otaraoa Formation), and modeled hydrocarbon expulsion volumes are compared. Gas chimneys are most common above Cretaceous source rocks modeled to have expelled hydrocarbons. Most (∼70%) of the observed gas chimneys follow, and/ or are rooted in, late-stage normal faults. These faults are the primary seal bypass mechanism for hydrocarbons, where they displace the seal (or intersect faults that displace the seal) and the seal is thick (e.g., more tan ∼340 m [∼1115 ft]). Active vertical gas flow through the seal commenced after the onset of faulting (∼3.6 Ma), whereas subseal lateral flow started significantly earlier at approximately 15 Ma and resulted in an early charge of structural highs. Gas flow up along faults in low-permeability mudstones (<1 md) is channelized with steep chimneys commonly occurring close to fault tips and relay ramps. In these cases, gas flow may be focused by the presence of high densities of open fractures locally elevating upsequence bulk permeabilities to approximately 1 to 400 md.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<inist>
<standard h6="B">
<pA>
<fA01 i1="01" i2="1">
<s0>0149-1423</s0>
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<s0>AABUD2</s0>
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<s0>AAPG bull.</s0>
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<fA05>
<s2>96</s2>
</fA05>
<fA06>
<s2>9</s2>
</fA06>
<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG">
<s1>Normal faults and gas migration in an active plate boundary, southern Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand</s1>
</fA08>
<fA11 i1="01" i2="1">
<s1>ILG (Bradley R.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="02" i2="1">
<s1>HEMMINGS-SYKES (Samuel)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="03" i2="1">
<s1>NICOL (Andrew)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="04" i2="1">
<s1>BAUR (Jan)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="05" i2="1">
<s1>FOHRMANN (Miko)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="06" i2="1">
<s1>FUNNELL (Rob)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="07" i2="1">
<s1>MILNER (Mike)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA14 i1="01">
<s1>New Zealand Petroleum and Minerals, Ministry of Economic Development, P.O. Box 1473</s1>
<s2>Wellington</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="02">
<s1>ExxonMobil, 12 Riverside Quay, Southbank Victoria 3006</s1>
<s2>Melbourne</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="03">
<s1>GNS Science, P.O. Box 30368</s1>
<s2>Lower Hutt</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="04">
<s1>Total Exploration and Production, Scientific and Technical Center Jean Feger, Avenue Larribau</s1>
<s2>Pau</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="05">
<s1>CNS Science, P.O. Box 30368</s1>
<s2>Lower Hutt</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="06">
<s1>OMV, 10 Brandon Street</s1>
<s2>Wellington</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA20>
<s1>1733-1756</s1>
</fA20>
<fA21>
<s1>2012</s1>
</fA21>
<fA23 i1="01">
<s0>ENG</s0>
</fA23>
<fA43 i1="01">
<s1>INIST</s1>
<s2>3085</s2>
<s5>354000508378720070</s5>
</fA43>
<fA44>
<s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2012 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
</fA44>
<fA45>
<s0>3 p.3/4</s0>
</fA45>
<fA47 i1="01" i2="1">
<s0>12-0388867</s0>
</fA47>
<fA60>
<s1>P</s1>
</fA60>
<fA61>
<s0>A</s0>
</fA61>
<fA64 i1="01" i2="1">
<s0>AAPG bulletin</s0>
</fA64>
<fA66 i1="01">
<s0>USA</s0>
</fA66>
<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG">
<s0>The function of normal faults in upsequence flow of gas has been examined using two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic-reflection data from the southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The spatial distributions of late-stage normal faults, gas chimneys, thickness of the Oligocene mudstone-rich seal (Otaraoa Formation), and modeled hydrocarbon expulsion volumes are compared. Gas chimneys are most common above Cretaceous source rocks modeled to have expelled hydrocarbons. Most (∼70%) of the observed gas chimneys follow, and/ or are rooted in, late-stage normal faults. These faults are the primary seal bypass mechanism for hydrocarbons, where they displace the seal (or intersect faults that displace the seal) and the seal is thick (e.g., more tan ∼340 m [∼1115 ft]). Active vertical gas flow through the seal commenced after the onset of faulting (∼3.6 Ma), whereas subseal lateral flow started significantly earlier at approximately 15 Ma and resulted in an early charge of structural highs. Gas flow up along faults in low-permeability mudstones (<1 md) is channelized with steep chimneys commonly occurring close to fault tips and relay ramps. In these cases, gas flow may be focused by the presence of high densities of open fractures locally elevating upsequence bulk permeabilities to approximately 1 to 400 md.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="2">
<s0>001E01G03</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="02" i2="2">
<s0>001E01I</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="03" i2="2">
<s0>001E01M04</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="04" i2="2">
<s0>223A03</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="05" i2="2">
<s0>224A</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="06" i2="2">
<s0>225B04</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Faille normale</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>normal faults</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Falla normal</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Migration</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>migration</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Migración</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Limite plaque</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>plate boundaries</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Límite placa</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Off shore</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>offshore</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Off shore</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Ecoulement</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>flow</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Sismique 3D</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>three-dimensional seismics</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Sísmica 3D</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Distribution spatiale</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>spatial distribution</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Distribución espacial</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Epaisseur</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>thickness</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Espesor</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Oligocène</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Oligocene</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Oligoceno</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Mudstone</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>mudstone</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Modèle</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>models</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Modelo</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Hydrocarbure</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>hydrocarbons</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Hidrocarburo</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Crétacé</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Cretaceous</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Cretáceo</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Roche mère</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>source rocks</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Roca madre</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Perméabilité</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>permeability</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Permeabilidad</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Densité</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>density</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Densidad</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Fracture ouverte</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>open fractures</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Fractura abierta</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Gaz naturel</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>natural gas</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Gas natural</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Sismique réflexion</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>seismic reflection</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Método reflexión sísmica</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Formation Otaraoa</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>52</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Bassin Taranaki</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>61</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Taranaki Basin</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>61</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="22" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Nouvelle Zélande</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>62</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="22" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>New Zealand</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>62</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="22" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Nueva Zelandia</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>62</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Paléogène</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Paleogene</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Paleógeno</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Tertiaire</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Tertiary</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Terciario</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Cénozoïque</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Cenozoic</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Cenozoico</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Phanérozoïque</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Phanerozoic</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="04" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Fanerozoico</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Roche clastique</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>clastic rocks</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="05" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Roca clástica</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Roche sédimentaire</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>sedimentary rocks</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="06" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Roca sedimentaria</s0>
<s2>NV</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Mésozoïque</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="07" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Mesozoic</s0>
<s2>NX</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Océan Pacifique Ouest</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="08" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>West Pacific</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Océan Pacifique</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Pacific Ocean</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="09" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Océano Pacífico</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="2" l="FRE">
<s0>Australasie</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="2" l="ENG">
<s0>Australasia</s0>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="10" i2="2" l="SPA">
<s0>Australasia</s0>
</fC07>
<fN21>
<s1>303</s1>
</fN21>
</pA>
</standard>
<server>
<NO>PASCAL 12-0388867 INIST</NO>
<ET>Normal faults and gas migration in an active plate boundary, southern Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand</ET>
<AU>ILG (Bradley R.); HEMMINGS-SYKES (Samuel); NICOL (Andrew); BAUR (Jan); FOHRMANN (Miko); FUNNELL (Rob); MILNER (Mike)</AU>
<AF>New Zealand Petroleum and Minerals, Ministry of Economic Development, P.O. Box 1473/Wellington/Nouvelle-Zélande (1 aut.); ExxonMobil, 12 Riverside Quay, Southbank Victoria 3006/Melbourne/Australie (2 aut.); GNS Science, P.O. Box 30368/Lower Hutt/Nouvelle-Zélande (3 aut.); Total Exploration and Production, Scientific and Technical Center Jean Feger, Avenue Larribau/Pau/France (4 aut.); CNS Science, P.O. Box 30368/Lower Hutt/Nouvelle-Zélande (5 aut., 6 aut.); OMV, 10 Brandon Street/Wellington/Nouvelle-Zélande (7 aut.)</AF>
<DT>Publication en série; Niveau analytique</DT>
<SO>AAPG bulletin; ISSN 0149-1423; Coden AABUD2; Etats-Unis; Da. 2012; Vol. 96; No. 9; Pp. 1733-1756; Bibl. 3 p.3/4</SO>
<LA>Anglais</LA>
<EA>The function of normal faults in upsequence flow of gas has been examined using two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic-reflection data from the southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The spatial distributions of late-stage normal faults, gas chimneys, thickness of the Oligocene mudstone-rich seal (Otaraoa Formation), and modeled hydrocarbon expulsion volumes are compared. Gas chimneys are most common above Cretaceous source rocks modeled to have expelled hydrocarbons. Most (∼70%) of the observed gas chimneys follow, and/ or are rooted in, late-stage normal faults. These faults are the primary seal bypass mechanism for hydrocarbons, where they displace the seal (or intersect faults that displace the seal) and the seal is thick (e.g., more tan ∼340 m [∼1115 ft]). Active vertical gas flow through the seal commenced after the onset of faulting (∼3.6 Ma), whereas subseal lateral flow started significantly earlier at approximately 15 Ma and resulted in an early charge of structural highs. Gas flow up along faults in low-permeability mudstones (<1 md) is channelized with steep chimneys commonly occurring close to fault tips and relay ramps. In these cases, gas flow may be focused by the presence of high densities of open fractures locally elevating upsequence bulk permeabilities to approximately 1 to 400 md.</EA>
<CC>001E01G03; 001E01I; 001E01M04; 223A03; 224A; 225B04</CC>
<FD>Faille normale; Migration; Limite plaque; Off shore; Ecoulement; Sismique 3D; Distribution spatiale; Epaisseur; Oligocène; Mudstone; Modèle; Hydrocarbure; Crétacé; Roche mère; Perméabilité; Densité; Fracture ouverte; Gaz naturel; Sismique réflexion; Formation Otaraoa; Bassin Taranaki; Nouvelle Zélande</FD>
<FG>Paléogène; Tertiaire; Cénozoïque; Phanérozoïque; Roche clastique; Roche sédimentaire; Mésozoïque; Océan Pacifique Ouest; Océan Pacifique; Australasie</FG>
<ED>normal faults; migration; plate boundaries; offshore; flow; three-dimensional seismics; spatial distribution; thickness; Oligocene; mudstone; models; hydrocarbons; Cretaceous; source rocks; permeability; density; open fractures; natural gas; seismic reflection; Taranaki Basin; New Zealand</ED>
<EG>Paleogene; Tertiary; Cenozoic; Phanerozoic; clastic rocks; sedimentary rocks; Mesozoic; West Pacific; Pacific Ocean; Australasia</EG>
<SD>Falla normal; Migración; Límite placa; Off shore; Sísmica 3D; Distribución espacial; Espesor; Oligoceno; Modelo; Hidrocarburo; Cretáceo; Roca madre; Permeabilidad; Densidad; Fractura abierta; Gas natural; Método reflexión sísmica; Nueva Zelandia</SD>
<LO>INIST-3085.354000508378720070</LO>
<ID>12-0388867</ID>
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   |texte=   Normal faults and gas migration in an active plate boundary, southern Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand
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