Midichloria mitochondrii is widespread in hard ticks (Ixodidae) and resides in the mitochondria of phylogenetically diverse species
Identifieur interne : 003071 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 003070; suivant : 003072Midichloria mitochondrii is widespread in hard ticks (Ixodidae) and resides in the mitochondria of phylogenetically diverse species
Auteurs : S. Epis [Italie] ; D. Sassera [Italie] ; T. Beninati [Australie] ; N. Lo [Australie] ; L. Beati [États-Unis] ; J. Piesman [États-Unis] ; L. Rinaldi [Italie] ; K. D. Mccoy [France] ; A. Torina [Italie] ; L. Sacchi [Italie] ; E. Clementi [Italie] ; M. Genchi [Italie] ; S. Magnino [Italie] ; C. Bandi [Italie]Source :
- Parasitology : (London. Print) [ 0031-1820 ] ; 2008.
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- Pascal (Inist)
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
The hard tick Ixodes ricinus (Ixodidae) is the sole animal thus far shown to harbour an intra-mitochondrial bacterium, which has recently been named Midichloria mitochondrii. The objectives of this work were (i) to screen ixodid ticks for Midichloria-related bacteria and (ii) to determine whether these bacteria exploit the intra-mitochondrial niche in other tick species. Our main goal was to discover further models of this peculiar form of symbiosis. We have thus performed a PCR screening for Midichloria-related bacteria in samples of ixodid ticks collected in Italy, North America and Iceland. A total of 7 newly examined species from 5 genera were found positive for bacteria closely related to M. mitochondrii. Samples of the tick species Rhipicephalus bursa, found positive in the PCR screening, were analysed with transmission electron microscopy, which revealed the presence of bacteria both in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria of the oocytes. There is thus evidence that bacteria invade mitochondria in at least 2 tick species. Phylogenetic analysis on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences generated from positive specimens revealed that the bacteria form a monophyletic group within the order Rickettsiales. The phylogeny of Midichloria symbionts and related bacteria does not appear completely congruent with the phylogeny of the hosts.
Affiliations:
- Australie, France, Italie, États-Unis
- Languedoc-Roussillon, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Occitanie (région administrative)
- Montpellier, Sydney
- Université de Sydney
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Sassera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano</s1><s2>Milano</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Milano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beninati, T" sort="Beninati, T" uniqKey="Beninati T" first="T." last="Beninati">T. Beninati</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney</s1><s2>New South Wales</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lo, N" sort="Lo, N" uniqKey="Lo N" first="N." last="Lo">N. 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Mccoy</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Génétique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS-IRD 2724, IRD</s1><s2>Montpellier</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torina, A" sort="Torina, A" uniqKey="Torina A" first="A." last="Torina">A. Torina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia</s1><s2>Palermo</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sacchi, L" sort="Sacchi, L" uniqKey="Sacchi L" first="L." last="Sacchi">L. Sacchi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Pavia, Piazza Botta 9</s1><s2>Pavia</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clementi, E" sort="Clementi, E" uniqKey="Clementi E" first="E." last="Clementi">E. Clementi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Pavia, Piazza Botta 9</s1><s2>Pavia</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Genchi, M" sort="Genchi, M" uniqKey="Genchi M" first="M." last="Genchi">M. Genchi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Pavia, Piazza Botta 9</s1><s2>Pavia</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnino, S" sort="Magnino, S" uniqKey="Magnino S" first="S." last="Magnino">S. Magnino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Sezione di Pavia</s1><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Sezione di Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bandi, C" sort="Bandi, C" uniqKey="Bandi C" first="C." last="Bandi">C. Bandi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano</s1><s2>Milano</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Milano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">08-0237571</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 08-0237571 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:08-0237571</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">003604</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">002A43</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">003071</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">003071</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Midichloria mitochondrii is widespread in hard ticks (Ixodidae) and resides in the mitochondria of phylogenetically diverse species</title><author><name sortKey="Epis, S" sort="Epis, S" uniqKey="Epis S" first="S." last="Epis">S. Epis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano</s1><s2>Milano</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Milano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sassera, D" sort="Sassera, D" uniqKey="Sassera D" first="D." last="Sassera">D. Sassera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano</s1><s2>Milano</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Milano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beninati, T" sort="Beninati, T" uniqKey="Beninati T" first="T." last="Beninati">T. Beninati</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney</s1><s2>New South Wales</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lo, N" sort="Lo, N" uniqKey="Lo N" first="N." last="Lo">N. Lo</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney</s1><s2>New South Wales</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beati, L" sort="Beati, L" uniqKey="Beati L" first="L." last="Beati">L. Beati</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University</s1><s2>Statesboro, GA</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Statesboro, GA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piesman, J" sort="Piesman, J" uniqKey="Piesman J" first="J." last="Piesman">J. Piesman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</s1><s2>Fort Collins, CO</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Fort Collins, CO</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rinaldi, L" sort="Rinaldi, L" uniqKey="Rinaldi L" first="L." last="Rinaldi">L. Rinaldi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II</s1><s2>Napoli</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Napoli</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mccoy, K D" sort="Mccoy, K D" uniqKey="Mccoy K" first="K. D." last="Mccoy">K. D. Mccoy</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Génétique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS-IRD 2724, IRD</s1><s2>Montpellier</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torina, A" sort="Torina, A" uniqKey="Torina A" first="A." last="Torina">A. Torina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia</s1><s2>Palermo</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sacchi, L" sort="Sacchi, L" uniqKey="Sacchi L" first="L." last="Sacchi">L. Sacchi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Pavia, Piazza Botta 9</s1><s2>Pavia</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clementi, E" sort="Clementi, E" uniqKey="Clementi E" first="E." last="Clementi">E. Clementi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Pavia, Piazza Botta 9</s1><s2>Pavia</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Genchi, M" sort="Genchi, M" uniqKey="Genchi M" first="M." last="Genchi">M. Genchi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Pavia, Piazza Botta 9</s1><s2>Pavia</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnino, S" sort="Magnino, S" uniqKey="Magnino S" first="S." last="Magnino">S. Magnino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Sezione di Pavia</s1><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Sezione di Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bandi, C" sort="Bandi, C" uniqKey="Bandi C" first="C." last="Bandi">C. Bandi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano</s1><s2>Milano</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>Milano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Parasitology : (London. Print)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Parasitology : (Lond., Print)</title><idno type="ISSN">0031-1820</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Parasitology : (London. Print)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Parasitology : (Lond., Print)</title><idno type="ISSN">0031-1820</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Ectoparasite</term><term>Ixodes ricinus</term><term>Ixodidae</term><term>Mitochondria</term><term>Parasite</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Polymerase chain reaction</term><term>Taxonomy</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Ectoparasite</term><term>Mitochondrie</term><term>Réaction chaîne polymérase</term><term>Phylogenèse</term><term>Parasite</term><term>Systématique</term><term>Ixodidae</term><term>Ixodes ricinus</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The hard tick Ixodes ricinus (Ixodidae) is the sole animal thus far shown to harbour an intra-mitochondrial bacterium, which has recently been named Midichloria mitochondrii. The objectives of this work were (i) to screen ixodid ticks for Midichloria-related bacteria and (ii) to determine whether these bacteria exploit the intra-mitochondrial niche in other tick species. Our main goal was to discover further models of this peculiar form of symbiosis. We have thus performed a PCR screening for Midichloria-related bacteria in samples of ixodid ticks collected in Italy, North America and Iceland. A total of 7 newly examined species from 5 genera were found positive for bacteria closely related to M. mitochondrii. Samples of the tick species Rhipicephalus bursa, found positive in the PCR screening, were analysed with transmission electron microscopy, which revealed the presence of bacteria both in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria of the oocytes. There is thus evidence that bacteria invade mitochondria in at least 2 tick species. Phylogenetic analysis on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences generated from positive specimens revealed that the bacteria form a monophyletic group within the order Rickettsiales. The phylogeny of Midichloria symbionts and related bacteria does not appear completely congruent with the phylogeny of the hosts.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0031-1820</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>PARAAE</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Parasitology : (Lond., Print)</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>135</s2></fA05><fA06><s3>p. 4</s3></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Midichloria mitochondrii is widespread in hard ticks (Ixodidae) and resides in the mitochondria of phylogenetically diverse species</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>EPIS (S.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>SASSERA (D.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>BENINATI (T.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>LO (N.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>BEATI (L.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>PIESMAN (J.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>RINALDI (L.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>MCCOY (K. D.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>TORINA (A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>SACCHI (L.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="11" i2="1"><s1>CLEMENTI (E.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="12" i2="1"><s1>GENCHI (M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="13" i2="1"><s1>MAGNINO (S.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="14" i2="1"><s1>BANDI (C.)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano</s1><s2>Milano</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney</s1><s2>New South Wales</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University</s1><s2>Statesboro, GA</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</s1><s2>Fort Collins, CO</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II</s1><s2>Napoli</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="06"><s1>Génétique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS-IRD 2724, IRD</s1><s2>Montpellier</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="07"><s1>Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia</s1><s2>Palermo</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="08"><s1>Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Pavia, Piazza Botta 9</s1><s2>Pavia</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="09"><s1>Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Sezione di Pavia</s1><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>485-494</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2008</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>3187</s2><s5>354000172651590080</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2008 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>3/4 p.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>08-0237571</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Parasitology : (London. Print)</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>GBR</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>The hard tick Ixodes ricinus (Ixodidae) is the sole animal thus far shown to harbour an intra-mitochondrial bacterium, which has recently been named Midichloria mitochondrii. The objectives of this work were (i) to screen ixodid ticks for Midichloria-related bacteria and (ii) to determine whether these bacteria exploit the intra-mitochondrial niche in other tick species. Our main goal was to discover further models of this peculiar form of symbiosis. We have thus performed a PCR screening for Midichloria-related bacteria in samples of ixodid ticks collected in Italy, North America and Iceland. A total of 7 newly examined species from 5 genera were found positive for bacteria closely related to M. mitochondrii. Samples of the tick species Rhipicephalus bursa, found positive in the PCR screening, were analysed with transmission electron microscopy, which revealed the presence of bacteria both in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria of the oocytes. There is thus evidence that bacteria invade mitochondria in at least 2 tick species. Phylogenetic analysis on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences generated from positive specimens revealed that the bacteria form a monophyletic group within the order Rickettsiales. The phylogeny of Midichloria symbionts and related bacteria does not appear completely congruent with the phylogeny of the hosts.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002A12A01</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>002A37A</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ectoparasite</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ectoparasite</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ectoparásito</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Mitochondrie</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Mitochondria</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Mitocondria</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Réaction chaîne polymérase</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Polymerase chain reaction</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Reacción cadena polimerasa</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Phylogenèse</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Phylogeny</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Filogénesis</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Parasite</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Parasite</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Parásito</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Systématique</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Taxonomy</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Sistemática</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ixodidae</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>55</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ixodidae</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>55</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ixodidae</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>55</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ixodes ricinus</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>56</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ixodes ricinus</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>56</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ixodes ricinus</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>56</s5></fC03><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Ixodida</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ixodida</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Ixodida</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Parasitiformes</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Parasitiformes</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Parasitiformes</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Acari</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Acari</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Acari</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Arachnida</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Arachnida</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Arachnida</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Arthropoda</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Arthropoda</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Arthropoda</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Invertebrata</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Invertebrata</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Invertebrata</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fN21><s1>154</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA></standard></inist><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Italie</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Languedoc-Roussillon</li><li>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</li><li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li></region><settlement><li>Montpellier</li><li>Sydney</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Sydney</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Epis, S" sort="Epis, S" uniqKey="Epis S" first="S." last="Epis">S. Epis</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bandi, C" sort="Bandi, C" uniqKey="Bandi C" first="C." last="Bandi">C. Bandi</name><name sortKey="Clementi, E" sort="Clementi, E" uniqKey="Clementi E" first="E." last="Clementi">E. Clementi</name><name sortKey="Genchi, M" sort="Genchi, M" uniqKey="Genchi M" first="M." last="Genchi">M. Genchi</name><name sortKey="Magnino, S" sort="Magnino, S" uniqKey="Magnino S" first="S." last="Magnino">S. Magnino</name><name sortKey="Rinaldi, L" sort="Rinaldi, L" uniqKey="Rinaldi L" first="L." last="Rinaldi">L. Rinaldi</name><name sortKey="Sacchi, L" sort="Sacchi, L" uniqKey="Sacchi L" first="L." last="Sacchi">L. Sacchi</name><name sortKey="Sassera, D" sort="Sassera, D" uniqKey="Sassera D" first="D." last="Sassera">D. Sassera</name><name sortKey="Torina, A" sort="Torina, A" uniqKey="Torina A" first="A." last="Torina">A. Torina</name></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Nouvelle-Galles du Sud"><name sortKey="Beninati, T" sort="Beninati, T" uniqKey="Beninati T" first="T." last="Beninati">T. Beninati</name></region><name sortKey="Lo, N" sort="Lo, N" uniqKey="Lo N" first="N." last="Lo">N. Lo</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Beati, L" sort="Beati, L" uniqKey="Beati L" first="L." last="Beati">L. Beati</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Piesman, J" sort="Piesman, J" uniqKey="Piesman J" first="J." last="Piesman">J. Piesman</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Occitanie (région administrative)"><name sortKey="Mccoy, K D" sort="Mccoy, K D" uniqKey="Mccoy K" first="K. D." last="Mccoy">K. D. Mccoy</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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