Two Nonrecombining Sympatric Forms of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium ovale Occur Globally
Identifieur interne : 001F06 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001F05; suivant : 001F07Two Nonrecombining Sympatric Forms of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium ovale Occur Globally
Auteurs : Colin J. Sutherland [Royaume-Uni] ; Naowarat Tanomsing [Thaïlande] ; Debbie Noider [Royaume-Uni] ; Mary Oguike [Royaume-Uni] ; Charlie Jennison [Royaume-Uni] ; Sasithon Pukrittayakamee [Thaïlande] ; Christiane Dolecek [Viêt Nam] ; TRAN TINH HEN [Viêt Nam] ; Virgilio E. Do Rosario [Portugal] ; Ana Paula Arez [Portugal] ; João Pinto [Portugal] ; Pascal Michon [Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée] ; Ananias A. Escalante [États-Unis] ; Francois Nosten [Royaume-Uni, Thaïlande] ; Martina Burke [Royaume-Uni] ; Rogan Lee [Australie] ; Marie Blaze [Royaume-Uni] ; Thomas Dan Otto [Royaume-Uni] ; John W. Barnwell [États-Unis] ; Arnab Pain [Royaume-Uni] ; John Williams [Royaume-Uni] ; Nicholas J. White [Royaume-Uni, Thaïlande] ; Nicholas P. J. Day [Royaume-Uni, Thaïlande] ; Georges Snounou [France, Singapour] ; Peter J. Lockhart [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Peter L. Chiodini [Royaume-Uni] ; Mallika Imwong [Thaïlande] ; Spencer D. Polley [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- The Journal of infectious diseases [ 0022-1899 ] ; 2010.
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Abstract
Background. Malaria in humans is caused by apicomplexan parasites belonging to 5 species of the genus Plasmodium. Infections with Plasmodium ovale are widely distributed but rarely investigated, and the resulting burden of disease is not known. Dimorphism in defined genes has led to P. ovale parasites being divided into classic and variant types. We hypothesized that these dimorphs represent distinct parasite species. Methods. Multilocus sequence analysis of 6 genetic characters was carried out among 55 isolates from 12 African and 3 Asia-Pacific countries. Results. Each genetic character displayed complete dimorphism and segregated perfectly between the 2 types. Both types were identified in samples from Ghana, Nigeria, São Tomé, Sierra Leone, and Uganda and have been described previously in Myanmar. Splitting of the 2 lineages is estimated to have occurred between 1.0 and 3.5 million years ago in hominid hosts. Conclusions. We propose that P. ovale comprises 2 nonrecombining species that are sympatric in Africa and Asia. We speculate on possible scenarios that could have led to this speciation. Furthermore, the relatively high frequency of imported cases of symptomatic P. ovale infection in the United Kingdom suggests that the morbidity caused by ovale malaria has been underestimated.
Affiliations:
- Australie, France, Nouvelle-Zélande, Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, Portugal, Royaume-Uni, Singapour, Thaïlande, Viêt Nam, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Arizona, Grand Londres, Géorgie (États-Unis), Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Oxfordshire, Île-de-France
- Londres, Oxford, Paris, Sydney
- Université nationale de Singapour
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Barnwell</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</s1><s2>Atlanta, Georgia</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pain, Arnab" sort="Pain, Arnab" uniqKey="Pain A" first="Arnab" last="Pain">Arnab Pain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Sanger Genome Centre</s1><s2>Hinxton</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Sanger Genome Centre</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, John" sort="Williams, John" uniqKey="Williams J" first="John" last="Williams">John Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Nicholas J" sort="White, Nicholas J" uniqKey="White N" first="Nicholas J." last="White">Nicholas J. White</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital</s1><s2>Oxford</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</s1><s3>THA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Thaïlande</country><wicri:noRegion>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Nicholas P J" sort="Day, Nicholas P J" uniqKey="Day N" first="Nicholas P. J." last="Day">Nicholas P. J. Day</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital</s1><s2>Oxford</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</s1><s3>THA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Thaïlande</country><wicri:noRegion>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snounou, Georges" sort="Snounou, Georges" uniqKey="Snounou G" first="Georges" last="Snounou">Georges Snounou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S945</s1><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>Unité Mixte de Recherche S945</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S945</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière</s1><s2>Paris</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore</s1><s3>SGP</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lockhart, Peter J" sort="Lockhart, Peter J" uniqKey="Lockhart P" first="Peter J." last="Lockhart">Peter J. Lockhart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="19"><s1>Alan Wilson Centre, Massey University</s1><s2>Palmerston North</s2><s3>NZL</s3><sZ>25 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:noRegion>Palmerston North</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiodini, Peter L" sort="Chiodini, Peter L" uniqKey="Chiodini P" first="Peter L." last="Chiodini">Peter L. Chiodini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Hospital for Tropical Diseases</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Imwong, Mallika" sort="Imwong, Mallika" uniqKey="Imwong M" first="Mallika" last="Imwong">Mallika Imwong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</s1><s3>THA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Thaïlande</country><wicri:noRegion>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polley, Spencer D" sort="Polley, Spencer D" uniqKey="Polley S" first="Spencer D." last="Polley">Spencer D. Polley</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Hospital for Tropical Diseases</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">10-0249353</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 10-0249353 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:10-0249353</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">002687</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">003899</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">001F06</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001F06</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Two Nonrecombining Sympatric Forms of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium ovale Occur Globally</title><author><name sortKey="Sutherland, Colin J" sort="Sutherland, Colin J" uniqKey="Sutherland C" first="Colin J." last="Sutherland">Colin J. Sutherland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Hospital for Tropical Diseases</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanomsing, Naowarat" sort="Tanomsing, Naowarat" uniqKey="Tanomsing N" first="Naowarat" last="Tanomsing">Naowarat Tanomsing</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</s1><s3>THA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Thaïlande</country><wicri:noRegion>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noider, Debbie" sort="Noider, Debbie" uniqKey="Noider D" first="Debbie" last="Noider">Debbie Noider</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oguike, Mary" sort="Oguike, Mary" uniqKey="Oguike M" first="Mary" last="Oguike">Mary Oguike</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jennison, Charlie" sort="Jennison, Charlie" uniqKey="Jennison C" first="Charlie" last="Jennison">Charlie Jennison</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon" sort="Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon" uniqKey="Pukrittayakamee S" first="Sasithon" last="Pukrittayakamee">Sasithon Pukrittayakamee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</s1><s3>THA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Thaïlande</country><wicri:noRegion>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>The Royal Institute</s1><s2>Bangkok</s2><s3>THA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Thaïlande</country><wicri:noRegion>The Royal Institute</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dolecek, Christiane" sort="Dolecek, Christiane" uniqKey="Dolecek C" first="Christiane" last="Dolecek">Christiane Dolecek</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases</s1><s2>Ho Chi Minh City</s2><s3>VNM</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Viêt Nam</country><wicri:noRegion>Ho Chi Minh City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tran Tinh Hen" sort="Tran Tinh Hen" uniqKey="Tran Tinh Hen" last="Tran Tinh Hen">TRAN TINH HEN</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases</s1><s2>Ho Chi Minh City</s2><s3>VNM</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Viêt Nam</country><wicri:noRegion>Ho Chi Minh City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Do Rosario, Virgilio E" sort="Do Rosario, Virgilio E" uniqKey="Do Rosario V" first="Virgilio E." last="Do Rosario">Virgilio E. Do Rosario</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Centro de Malaria e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa</s1><s2>Lisbon</s2><s3>PRT</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Portugal</country><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arez, Ana Paula" sort="Arez, Ana Paula" uniqKey="Arez A" first="Ana Paula" last="Arez">Ana Paula Arez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Centro de Malaria e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa</s1><s2>Lisbon</s2><s3>PRT</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Portugal</country><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinto, Joao" sort="Pinto, Joao" uniqKey="Pinto J" first="João" last="Pinto">João Pinto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Centro de Malaria e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa</s1><s2>Lisbon</s2><s3>PRT</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Portugal</country><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michon, Pascal" sort="Michon, Pascal" uniqKey="Michon P" first="Pascal" last="Michon">Pascal Michon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research</s1><s2>Madang</s2><s3>PNG</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</country><wicri:noRegion>Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Escalante, Ananias A" sort="Escalante, Ananias A" uniqKey="Escalante A" first="Ananias A." last="Escalante">Ananias A. Escalante</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University</s1><s2>Tempe, Arizona</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nosten, Francois" sort="Nosten, Francois" uniqKey="Nosten F" first="Francois" last="Nosten">Francois Nosten</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital</s1><s2>Oxford</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</s1><s3>THA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Thaïlande</country><wicri:noRegion>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit</s1><s2>Mae Sot</s2><s3>THA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Thaïlande</country><wicri:noRegion>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burke, Martina" sort="Burke, Martina" uniqKey="Burke M" first="Martina" last="Burke">Martina Burke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Rogan" sort="Lee, Rogan" uniqKey="Lee R" first="Rogan" last="Lee">Rogan Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Westmead Hospital</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blaze, Marie" sort="Blaze, Marie" uniqKey="Blaze M" first="Marie" last="Blaze">Marie Blaze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dan Otto, Thomas" sort="Dan Otto, Thomas" uniqKey="Dan Otto T" first="Thomas" last="Dan Otto">Thomas Dan Otto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Sanger Genome Centre</s1><s2>Hinxton</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Sanger Genome Centre</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barnwell, John W" sort="Barnwell, John W" uniqKey="Barnwell J" first="John W." last="Barnwell">John W. Barnwell</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</s1><s2>Atlanta, Georgia</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pain, Arnab" sort="Pain, Arnab" uniqKey="Pain A" first="Arnab" last="Pain">Arnab Pain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Sanger Genome Centre</s1><s2>Hinxton</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Sanger Genome Centre</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, John" sort="Williams, John" uniqKey="Williams J" first="John" last="Williams">John Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Nicholas J" sort="White, Nicholas J" uniqKey="White N" first="Nicholas J." last="White">Nicholas J. White</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital</s1><s2>Oxford</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</s1><s3>THA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Thaïlande</country><wicri:noRegion>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Nicholas P J" sort="Day, Nicholas P J" uniqKey="Day N" first="Nicholas P. J." last="Day">Nicholas P. J. Day</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital</s1><s2>Oxford</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</s1><s3>THA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Thaïlande</country><wicri:noRegion>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snounou, Georges" sort="Snounou, Georges" uniqKey="Snounou G" first="Georges" last="Snounou">Georges Snounou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S945</s1><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>Unité Mixte de Recherche S945</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S945</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière</s1><s2>Paris</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore</s1><s3>SGP</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lockhart, Peter J" sort="Lockhart, Peter J" uniqKey="Lockhart P" first="Peter J." last="Lockhart">Peter J. Lockhart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="19"><s1>Alan Wilson Centre, Massey University</s1><s2>Palmerston North</s2><s3>NZL</s3><sZ>25 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:noRegion>Palmerston North</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiodini, Peter L" sort="Chiodini, Peter L" uniqKey="Chiodini P" first="Peter L." last="Chiodini">Peter L. Chiodini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Hospital for Tropical Diseases</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Imwong, Mallika" sort="Imwong, Mallika" uniqKey="Imwong M" first="Mallika" last="Imwong">Mallika Imwong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</s1><s3>THA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Thaïlande</country><wicri:noRegion>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polley, Spencer D" sort="Polley, Spencer D" uniqKey="Polley S" first="Spencer D." last="Polley">Spencer D. Polley</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Hospital for Tropical Diseases</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">The Journal of infectious diseases</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. infect. dis.</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">The Journal of infectious diseases</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. infect. dis.</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Human</term><term>Infection</term><term>Malaria</term><term>Plasmodium ovale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Homme</term><term>Plasmodium ovale</term><term>Infection</term><term>Paludisme</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Homme</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background. Malaria in humans is caused by apicomplexan parasites belonging to 5 species of the genus Plasmodium. Infections with Plasmodium ovale are widely distributed but rarely investigated, and the resulting burden of disease is not known. Dimorphism in defined genes has led to P. ovale parasites being divided into classic and variant types. We hypothesized that these dimorphs represent distinct parasite species. Methods. Multilocus sequence analysis of 6 genetic characters was carried out among 55 isolates from 12 African and 3 Asia-Pacific countries. Results. Each genetic character displayed complete dimorphism and segregated perfectly between the 2 types. Both types were identified in samples from Ghana, Nigeria, São Tomé, Sierra Leone, and Uganda and have been described previously in Myanmar. Splitting of the 2 lineages is estimated to have occurred between 1.0 and 3.5 million years ago in hominid hosts. Conclusions. We propose that P. ovale comprises 2 nonrecombining species that are sympatric in Africa and Asia. We speculate on possible scenarios that could have led to this speciation. Furthermore, the relatively high frequency of imported cases of symptomatic P. ovale infection in the United Kingdom suggests that the morbidity caused by ovale malaria has been underestimated.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0022-1899</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>JIDIAQ</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>J. infect. dis.</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>201</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>10</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Two Nonrecombining Sympatric Forms of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium ovale Occur Globally</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>SUTHERLAND (Colin J.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>TANOMSING (Naowarat)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>NOIDER (Debbie)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>OGUIKE (Mary)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>JENNISON (Charlie)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>PUKRITTAYAKAMEE (Sasithon)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>DOLECEK (Christiane)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>TRAN TINH HEN</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>DO ROSARIO (Virgilio E.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>AREZ (Ana Paula)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="11" i2="1"><s1>PINTO (João)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="12" i2="1"><s1>MICHON (Pascal)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="13" i2="1"><s1>ESCALANTE (Ananias A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="14" i2="1"><s1>NOSTEN (Francois)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="15" i2="1"><s1>BURKE (Martina)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="16" i2="1"><s1>LEE (Rogan)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="17" i2="1"><s1>BLAZE (Marie)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="18" i2="1"><s1>DAN OTTO (Thomas)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="19" i2="1"><s1>BARNWELL (John W.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="20" i2="1"><s1>PAIN (Arnab)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="21" i2="1"><s1>WILLIAMS (John)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="22" i2="1"><s1>WHITE (Nicholas J.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="23" i2="1"><s1>DAY (Nicholas P. J.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="24" i2="1"><s1>SNOUNOU (Georges)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="25" i2="1"><s1>LOCKHART (Peter J.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="26" i2="1"><s1>CHIODINI (Peter L.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="27" i2="1"><s1>IMWONG (Mallika)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="28" i2="1"><s1>POLLEY (Spencer D.)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>Hospital for Tropical Diseases</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital</s1><s2>Oxford</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Sanger Genome Centre</s1><s2>Hinxton</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</s1><s3>THA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="07"><s1>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</s1><s3>THA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="08"><s1>The Royal Institute</s1><s2>Bangkok</s2><s3>THA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="09"><s1>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit</s1><s2>Mae Sot</s2><s3>THA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="10"><s1>Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases</s1><s2>Ho Chi Minh City</s2><s3>VNM</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="11"><s1>Centro de Malaria e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa</s1><s2>Lisbon</s2><s3>PRT</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="12"><s1>Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research</s1><s2>Madang</s2><s3>PNG</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="13"><s1>School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University</s1><s2>Tempe, Arizona</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="14"><s1>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</s1><s2>Atlanta, Georgia</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="15"><s1>Westmead Hospital</s1><s2>Sydney</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="16"><s1>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S945</s1><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="17"><s1>Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière</s1><s2>Paris</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="18"><s1>Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore</s1><s3>SGP</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="19"><s1>Alan Wilson Centre, Massey University</s1><s2>Palmerston North</s2><s3>NZL</s3><sZ>25 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>1544-1550</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2010</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>2052</s2><s5>354000189731810150</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2010 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>35 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>10-0249353</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>The Journal of infectious diseases</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Background. Malaria in humans is caused by apicomplexan parasites belonging to 5 species of the genus Plasmodium. Infections with Plasmodium ovale are widely distributed but rarely investigated, and the resulting burden of disease is not known. Dimorphism in defined genes has led to P. ovale parasites being divided into classic and variant types. We hypothesized that these dimorphs represent distinct parasite species. Methods. Multilocus sequence analysis of 6 genetic characters was carried out among 55 isolates from 12 African and 3 Asia-Pacific countries. Results. Each genetic character displayed complete dimorphism and segregated perfectly between the 2 types. Both types were identified in samples from Ghana, Nigeria, São Tomé, Sierra Leone, and Uganda and have been described previously in Myanmar. Splitting of the 2 lineages is estimated to have occurred between 1.0 and 3.5 million years ago in hominid hosts. Conclusions. We propose that P. ovale comprises 2 nonrecombining species that are sympatric in Africa and Asia. We speculate on possible scenarios that could have led to this speciation. Furthermore, the relatively high frequency of imported cases of symptomatic P. ovale infection in the United Kingdom suggests that the morbidity caused by ovale malaria has been underestimated.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002A05</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>002B05E02B4</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Homme</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Human</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hombre</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Plasmodium ovale</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Plasmodium ovale</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Plasmodium ovale</s0><s2>NS</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Infection</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Infection</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Infección</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Paludisme</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Malaria</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Paludismo</s0><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Apicomplexa</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Apicomplexa</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Apicomplexa</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Protozoa</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Protozoa</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Protozoa</s0><s2>NS</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Protozoose</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Protozoal disease</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Protozoosis</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Parasitose</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Parasitosis</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Parasitosis</s0></fC07><fN21><s1>165</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA></standard></inist><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li><li>Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Singapour</li><li>Thaïlande</li><li>Viêt Nam</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Arizona</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Géorgie (États-Unis)</li><li>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</li><li>Oxfordshire</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li><li>Oxford</li><li>Paris</li><li>Sydney</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université nationale de Singapour</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sutherland, Colin J" sort="Sutherland, Colin J" uniqKey="Sutherland C" first="Colin J." last="Sutherland">Colin J. Sutherland</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Blaze, Marie" sort="Blaze, Marie" uniqKey="Blaze M" first="Marie" last="Blaze">Marie Blaze</name><name sortKey="Burke, Martina" sort="Burke, Martina" uniqKey="Burke M" first="Martina" last="Burke">Martina Burke</name><name sortKey="Chiodini, Peter L" sort="Chiodini, Peter L" uniqKey="Chiodini P" first="Peter L." last="Chiodini">Peter L. Chiodini</name><name sortKey="Chiodini, Peter L" sort="Chiodini, Peter L" uniqKey="Chiodini P" first="Peter L." last="Chiodini">Peter L. Chiodini</name><name sortKey="Dan Otto, Thomas" sort="Dan Otto, Thomas" uniqKey="Dan Otto T" first="Thomas" last="Dan Otto">Thomas Dan Otto</name><name sortKey="Day, Nicholas P J" sort="Day, Nicholas P J" uniqKey="Day N" first="Nicholas P. J." last="Day">Nicholas P. J. Day</name><name sortKey="Jennison, Charlie" sort="Jennison, Charlie" uniqKey="Jennison C" first="Charlie" last="Jennison">Charlie Jennison</name><name sortKey="Noider, Debbie" sort="Noider, Debbie" uniqKey="Noider D" first="Debbie" last="Noider">Debbie Noider</name><name sortKey="Nosten, Francois" sort="Nosten, Francois" uniqKey="Nosten F" first="Francois" last="Nosten">Francois Nosten</name><name sortKey="Oguike, Mary" sort="Oguike, Mary" uniqKey="Oguike M" first="Mary" last="Oguike">Mary Oguike</name><name sortKey="Pain, Arnab" sort="Pain, Arnab" uniqKey="Pain A" first="Arnab" last="Pain">Arnab Pain</name><name sortKey="Polley, Spencer D" sort="Polley, Spencer D" uniqKey="Polley S" first="Spencer D." last="Polley">Spencer D. Polley</name><name sortKey="Sutherland, Colin J" sort="Sutherland, Colin J" uniqKey="Sutherland C" first="Colin J." last="Sutherland">Colin J. Sutherland</name><name sortKey="Sutherland, Colin J" sort="Sutherland, Colin J" uniqKey="Sutherland C" first="Colin J." last="Sutherland">Colin J. Sutherland</name><name sortKey="White, Nicholas J" sort="White, Nicholas J" uniqKey="White N" first="Nicholas J." last="White">Nicholas J. White</name><name sortKey="Williams, John" sort="Williams, John" uniqKey="Williams J" first="John" last="Williams">John Williams</name></country><country name="Thaïlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tanomsing, Naowarat" sort="Tanomsing, Naowarat" uniqKey="Tanomsing N" first="Naowarat" last="Tanomsing">Naowarat Tanomsing</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Day, Nicholas P J" sort="Day, Nicholas P J" uniqKey="Day N" first="Nicholas P. J." last="Day">Nicholas P. J. Day</name><name sortKey="Imwong, Mallika" sort="Imwong, Mallika" uniqKey="Imwong M" first="Mallika" last="Imwong">Mallika Imwong</name><name sortKey="Nosten, Francois" sort="Nosten, Francois" uniqKey="Nosten F" first="Francois" last="Nosten">Francois Nosten</name><name sortKey="Nosten, Francois" sort="Nosten, Francois" uniqKey="Nosten F" first="Francois" last="Nosten">Francois Nosten</name><name sortKey="Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon" sort="Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon" uniqKey="Pukrittayakamee S" first="Sasithon" last="Pukrittayakamee">Sasithon Pukrittayakamee</name><name sortKey="Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon" sort="Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon" uniqKey="Pukrittayakamee S" first="Sasithon" last="Pukrittayakamee">Sasithon Pukrittayakamee</name><name sortKey="White, Nicholas J" sort="White, Nicholas J" uniqKey="White N" first="Nicholas J." last="White">Nicholas J. White</name></country><country name="Viêt Nam"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dolecek, Christiane" sort="Dolecek, Christiane" uniqKey="Dolecek C" first="Christiane" last="Dolecek">Christiane Dolecek</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Tran Tinh Hen" sort="Tran Tinh Hen" uniqKey="Tran Tinh Hen" last="Tran Tinh Hen">TRAN TINH HEN</name></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Do Rosario, Virgilio E" sort="Do Rosario, Virgilio E" uniqKey="Do Rosario V" first="Virgilio E." last="Do Rosario">Virgilio E. Do Rosario</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Arez, Ana Paula" sort="Arez, Ana Paula" uniqKey="Arez A" first="Ana Paula" last="Arez">Ana Paula Arez</name><name sortKey="Pinto, Joao" sort="Pinto, Joao" uniqKey="Pinto J" first="João" last="Pinto">João Pinto</name></country><country name="Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée"><noRegion><name sortKey="Michon, Pascal" sort="Michon, Pascal" uniqKey="Michon P" first="Pascal" last="Michon">Pascal Michon</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Arizona"><name sortKey="Escalante, Ananias A" sort="Escalante, Ananias A" uniqKey="Escalante A" first="Ananias A." last="Escalante">Ananias A. Escalante</name></region><name sortKey="Barnwell, John W" sort="Barnwell, John W" uniqKey="Barnwell J" first="John W." last="Barnwell">John W. Barnwell</name></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Nouvelle-Galles du Sud"><name sortKey="Lee, Rogan" sort="Lee, Rogan" uniqKey="Lee R" first="Rogan" last="Lee">Rogan Lee</name></region></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Snounou, Georges" sort="Snounou, Georges" uniqKey="Snounou G" first="Georges" last="Snounou">Georges Snounou</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Snounou, Georges" sort="Snounou, Georges" uniqKey="Snounou G" first="Georges" last="Snounou">Georges Snounou</name></country><country name="Singapour"><noRegion><name sortKey="Snounou, Georges" sort="Snounou, Georges" uniqKey="Snounou G" first="Georges" last="Snounou">Georges Snounou</name></noRegion></country><country name="Nouvelle-Zélande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lockhart, Peter J" sort="Lockhart, Peter J" uniqKey="Lockhart P" first="Peter J." last="Lockhart">Peter J. Lockhart</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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