Molecular Weight Cut-Off and Structural Analysis of Vacuum-Assisted Titania Membranes for Water Processing
Identifieur interne : 004C36 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 004C35; suivant : 004C37Molecular Weight Cut-Off and Structural Analysis of Vacuum-Assisted Titania Membranes for Water Processing
Auteurs : Siti Nurehan Abd Jalil [Malaisie] ; David K. Wang ; Christelle Yacou [France] ; Julius Motuzas ; Simon Smart ; João C. Diniz Da CostaSource :
- Materials [ 1996-1944 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
This work investigates the structural formation and analyses of titania membranes (TM) prepared using different vacuum exposure times for molecular weight (MW) cut-off performance and oil/water separation. Titania membranes were synthesized via a sol-gel method and coated on macroporous alumina tubes followed by exposure to a vacuum between 30 and 1200 s and then calcined at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the crystallite size and particle size of titania increased as a function of vacuum time. All the TM membranes were mesoporous with an average pore diameter of ~3.6 nm with an anatase crystal morphology. Water, glucose, sucrose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone with 40 and 360 kDa (PVP-40 kDa and PVP-360 kDa) were used as feed solutions for MW cut-off and hexadecane solution for oil filtration investigation. The TM membranes were not able to separate glucose and sucrose, thus indicating the membrane pore sizes are larger than the kinetic diameter of sucrose of 0.9 nm, irrespective of vacuum exposure time. They also showed only moderate rejection (20%) of the smaller PVP-40 kDa, however, all the membranes were able to obtain an excellent rejection of near 100% for the larger PVP-360 kDa molecule. Furthermore, the TM membranes were tested for the separation of oil emulsions with a high concentration of oil (3000 ppm), reaching high oil rejections of more than 90% of oil. In general, the water fluxes increased with the vacuum exposure time indicating a pore structural tailoring effect. It is therefore proposed that a mechanism of pore size tailoring was formed by an interconnected network of Ti–O–Ti nanoparticles with inter-particle voids, which increased as TiO2 nanoparticle size increased as a function of vacuum exposure time, and thus reduced the water transport resistance through the TM membranes.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/ma9110938
PubMed: 28774057
PubMed Central: 5457227
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Molecular Weight Cut-Off and Structural Analysis of Vacuum-Assisted Titania Membranes for Water Processing</title>
<author><name sortKey="Abd Jalil, Siti Nurehan" sort="Abd Jalil, Siti Nurehan" uniqKey="Abd Jalil S" first="Siti Nurehan" last="Abd Jalil">Siti Nurehan Abd Jalil</name>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
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<author><name sortKey="Yacou, Christelle" sort="Yacou, Christelle" uniqKey="Yacou C" first="Christelle" last="Yacou">Christelle Yacou</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
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<author><name sortKey="Motuzas, Julius" sort="Motuzas, Julius" uniqKey="Motuzas J" first="Julius" last="Motuzas">Julius Motuzas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
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<author><name sortKey="Smart, Simon" sort="Smart, Simon" uniqKey="Smart S" first="Simon" last="Smart">Simon Smart</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
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<author><name sortKey="Diniz Da Costa, Joao C" sort="Diniz Da Costa, Joao C" uniqKey="Diniz Da Costa J" first="João C." last="Diniz Da Costa">João C. Diniz Da Costa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
(C.Y.);<email>j.motuzas@uq.edu.au</email>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>This work investigates the structural formation and analyses of titania membranes (TM) prepared using different vacuum exposure times for molecular weight (MW) cut-off performance and oil/water separation. Titania membranes were synthesized via a sol-gel method and coated on macroporous alumina tubes followed by exposure to a vacuum between 30 and 1200 s and then calcined at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the crystallite size and particle size of titania increased as a function of vacuum time. All the TM membranes were mesoporous with an average pore diameter of ~3.6 nm with an anatase crystal morphology. Water, glucose, sucrose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone with 40 and 360 kDa (PVP-40 kDa and PVP-360 kDa) were used as feed solutions for MW cut-off and hexadecane solution for oil filtration investigation. The TM membranes were not able to separate glucose and sucrose, thus indicating the membrane pore sizes are larger than the kinetic diameter of sucrose of 0.9 nm, irrespective of vacuum exposure time. They also showed only moderate rejection (20%) of the smaller PVP-40 kDa, however, all the membranes were able to obtain an excellent rejection of near 100% for the larger PVP-360 kDa molecule. Furthermore, the TM membranes were tested for the separation of oil emulsions with a high concentration of oil (3000 ppm), reaching high oil rejections of more than 90% of oil. In general, the water fluxes increased with the vacuum exposure time indicating a pore structural tailoring effect. It is therefore proposed that a mechanism of pore size tailoring was formed by an interconnected network of Ti–O–Ti nanoparticles with inter-particle voids, which increased as TiO<sub>2</sub>
nanoparticle size increased as a function of vacuum exposure time, and thus reduced the water transport resistance through the TM membranes.</p>
</div>
</front>
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</TEI>
<double pmid="28774057"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Molecular Weight Cut-Off and Structural Analysis of Vacuum-Assisted Titania Membranes for Water Processing</title>
<author><name sortKey="Abd Jalil, Siti Nurehan" sort="Abd Jalil, Siti Nurehan" uniqKey="Abd Jalil S" first="Siti Nurehan" last="Abd Jalil">Siti Nurehan Abd Jalil</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
(C.Y.);<email>j.motuzas@uq.edu.au</email>
(J.M.);<email>s.smart@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-materials-09-00938">Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Shah Alam 40450</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, David K" sort="Wang, David K" uniqKey="Wang D" first="David K." last="Wang">David K. Wang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
(C.Y.);<email>j.motuzas@uq.edu.au</email>
(J.M.);<email>s.smart@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yacou, Christelle" sort="Yacou, Christelle" uniqKey="Yacou C" first="Christelle" last="Yacou">Christelle Yacou</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
(C.Y.);<email>j.motuzas@uq.edu.au</email>
(J.M.);<email>s.smart@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-materials-09-00938">Department of Engineering, Université des Antilles, BP 250, Pointe à Pitre Cedex 97157, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Engineering, Université des Antilles, BP 250, Pointe à Pitre Cedex 97157</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>97157</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>97157</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Motuzas, Julius" sort="Motuzas, Julius" uniqKey="Motuzas J" first="Julius" last="Motuzas">Julius Motuzas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
(C.Y.);<email>j.motuzas@uq.edu.au</email>
(J.M.);<email>s.smart@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smart, Simon" sort="Smart, Simon" uniqKey="Smart S" first="Simon" last="Smart">Simon Smart</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
(C.Y.);<email>j.motuzas@uq.edu.au</email>
(J.M.);<email>s.smart@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diniz Da Costa, Joao C" sort="Diniz Da Costa, Joao C" uniqKey="Diniz Da Costa J" first="João C." last="Diniz Da Costa">João C. Diniz Da Costa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
(C.Y.);<email>j.motuzas@uq.edu.au</email>
(J.M.);<email>s.smart@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<idno type="pmid">28774057</idno>
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<idno type="RBID">PMC:5457227</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.3390/ma9110938</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Molecular Weight Cut-Off and Structural Analysis of Vacuum-Assisted Titania Membranes for Water Processing</title>
<author><name sortKey="Abd Jalil, Siti Nurehan" sort="Abd Jalil, Siti Nurehan" uniqKey="Abd Jalil S" first="Siti Nurehan" last="Abd Jalil">Siti Nurehan Abd Jalil</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
(C.Y.);<email>j.motuzas@uq.edu.au</email>
(J.M.);<email>s.smart@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-materials-09-00938">Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Shah Alam 40450</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, David K" sort="Wang, David K" uniqKey="Wang D" first="David K." last="Wang">David K. Wang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
(C.Y.);<email>j.motuzas@uq.edu.au</email>
(J.M.);<email>s.smart@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yacou, Christelle" sort="Yacou, Christelle" uniqKey="Yacou C" first="Christelle" last="Yacou">Christelle Yacou</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
(C.Y.);<email>j.motuzas@uq.edu.au</email>
(J.M.);<email>s.smart@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-materials-09-00938">Department of Engineering, Université des Antilles, BP 250, Pointe à Pitre Cedex 97157, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Engineering, Université des Antilles, BP 250, Pointe à Pitre Cedex 97157</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>97157</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>97157</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Motuzas, Julius" sort="Motuzas, Julius" uniqKey="Motuzas J" first="Julius" last="Motuzas">Julius Motuzas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
(C.Y.);<email>j.motuzas@uq.edu.au</email>
(J.M.);<email>s.smart@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smart, Simon" sort="Smart, Simon" uniqKey="Smart S" first="Simon" last="Smart">Simon Smart</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
(C.Y.);<email>j.motuzas@uq.edu.au</email>
(J.M.);<email>s.smart@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diniz Da Costa, Joao C" sort="Diniz Da Costa, Joao C" uniqKey="Diniz Da Costa J" first="João C." last="Diniz Da Costa">João C. Diniz Da Costa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-materials-09-00938">The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab—Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia;<email>s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.N.A.J.);<email>d.wang1@uq.edu.au</email>
(D.K.W.);<email>Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr</email>
(C.Y.);<email>j.motuzas@uq.edu.au</email>
(J.M.);<email>s.smart@uq.edu.au</email>
(S.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Materials</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1996-1944</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>This work investigates the structural formation and analyses of titania membranes (TM) prepared using different vacuum exposure times for molecular weight (MW) cut-off performance and oil/water separation. Titania membranes were synthesized via a sol-gel method and coated on macroporous alumina tubes followed by exposure to a vacuum between 30 and 1200 s and then calcined at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the crystallite size and particle size of titania increased as a function of vacuum time. All the TM membranes were mesoporous with an average pore diameter of ~3.6 nm with an anatase crystal morphology. Water, glucose, sucrose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone with 40 and 360 kDa (PVP-40 kDa and PVP-360 kDa) were used as feed solutions for MW cut-off and hexadecane solution for oil filtration investigation. The TM membranes were not able to separate glucose and sucrose, thus indicating the membrane pore sizes are larger than the kinetic diameter of sucrose of 0.9 nm, irrespective of vacuum exposure time. They also showed only moderate rejection (20%) of the smaller PVP-40 kDa, however, all the membranes were able to obtain an excellent rejection of near 100% for the larger PVP-360 kDa molecule. Furthermore, the TM membranes were tested for the separation of oil emulsions with a high concentration of oil (3000 ppm), reaching high oil rejections of more than 90% of oil. In general, the water fluxes increased with the vacuum exposure time indicating a pore structural tailoring effect. It is therefore proposed that a mechanism of pore size tailoring was formed by an interconnected network of Ti–O–Ti nanoparticles with inter-particle voids, which increased as TiO<sub>2</sub>
nanoparticle size increased as a function of vacuum exposure time, and thus reduced the water transport resistance through the TM membranes.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Molecular Weight Cut-Off and Structural Analysis of Vacuum-Assisted Titania Membranes for Water Processing.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Abd Jalil, Siti Nurehan" sort="Abd Jalil, Siti Nurehan" uniqKey="Abd Jalil S" first="Siti Nurehan" last="Abd Jalil">Siti Nurehan Abd Jalil</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia. s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, David K" sort="Wang, David K" uniqKey="Wang D" first="David K" last="Wang">David K. Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia. d.wang1@uq.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yacou, Christelle" sort="Yacou, Christelle" uniqKey="Yacou C" first="Christelle" last="Yacou">Christelle Yacou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia. Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Motuzas, Julius" sort="Motuzas, Julius" uniqKey="Motuzas J" first="Julius" last="Motuzas">Julius Motuzas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia. j.motuzas@uq.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smart, Simon" sort="Smart, Simon" uniqKey="Smart S" first="Simon" last="Smart">Simon Smart</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia. s.smart@uq.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diniz Da Costa, Joao C" sort="Diniz Da Costa, Joao C" uniqKey="Diniz Da Costa J" first="João C" last="Diniz Da Costa">João C. Diniz Da Costa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia. j.dacosta@uq.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<date when="2016">2016</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:28774057</idno>
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<idno type="doi">10.3390/ma9110938</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Molecular Weight Cut-Off and Structural Analysis of Vacuum-Assisted Titania Membranes for Water Processing.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Abd Jalil, Siti Nurehan" sort="Abd Jalil, Siti Nurehan" uniqKey="Abd Jalil S" first="Siti Nurehan" last="Abd Jalil">Siti Nurehan Abd Jalil</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia. s.abdjalil@uq.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, David K" sort="Wang, David K" uniqKey="Wang D" first="David K" last="Wang">David K. Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia. d.wang1@uq.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yacou, Christelle" sort="Yacou, Christelle" uniqKey="Yacou C" first="Christelle" last="Yacou">Christelle Yacou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia. Christelle.yacou@univ-ag.fr.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Motuzas, Julius" sort="Motuzas, Julius" uniqKey="Motuzas J" first="Julius" last="Motuzas">Julius Motuzas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia. j.motuzas@uq.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smart, Simon" sort="Smart, Simon" uniqKey="Smart S" first="Simon" last="Smart">Simon Smart</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia. s.smart@uq.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diniz Da Costa, Joao C" sort="Diniz Da Costa, Joao C" uniqKey="Diniz Da Costa J" first="João C" last="Diniz Da Costa">João C. Diniz Da Costa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072, Australia. j.dacosta@uq.edu.au.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The University of Queensland, FIM²Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Brisbane 4072</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane 4072</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Materials (Basel, Switzerland)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1996-1944</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
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</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This work investigates the structural formation and analyses of titania membranes (TM) prepared using different vacuum exposure times for molecular weight (MW) cut-off performance and oil/water separation. Titania membranes were synthesized via a sol-gel method and coated on macroporous alumina tubes followed by exposure to a vacuum between 30 and 1200 s and then calcined at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the crystallite size and particle size of titania increased as a function of vacuum time. All the TM membranes were mesoporous with an average pore diameter of ~3.6 nm with an anatase crystal morphology. Water, glucose, sucrose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone with 40 and 360 kDa (PVP-40 kDa and PVP-360 kDa) were used as feed solutions for MW cut-off and hexadecane solution for oil filtration investigation. The TM membranes were not able to separate glucose and sucrose, thus indicating the membrane pore sizes are larger than the kinetic diameter of sucrose of 0.9 nm, irrespective of vacuum exposure time. They also showed only moderate rejection (20%) of the smaller PVP-40 kDa, however, all the membranes were able to obtain an excellent rejection of near 100% for the larger PVP-360 kDa molecule. Furthermore, the TM membranes were tested for the separation of oil emulsions with a high concentration of oil (3000 ppm), reaching high oil rejections of more than 90% of oil. In general, the water fluxes increased with the vacuum exposure time indicating a pore structural tailoring effect. It is therefore proposed that a mechanism of pore size tailoring was formed by an interconnected network of Ti-O-Ti nanoparticles with inter-particle voids, which increased as TiO₂ nanoparticle size increased as a function of vacuum exposure time, and thus reduced the water transport resistance through the TM membranes.</div>
</front>
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