Emergence of wheat blast in Bangladesh was caused by a South American lineage of Magnaporthe oryzae
Identifieur interne : 003C70 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003C69; suivant : 003C71Emergence of wheat blast in Bangladesh was caused by a South American lineage of Magnaporthe oryzae
Auteurs : M. Tofazzal Islam [Bangladesh] ; Daniel Croll [Suisse] ; Pierre Gladieux [France] ; Darren M. Soanes ; Antoine Persoons ; Pallab Bhattacharjee [Bangladesh] ; Md. Shaid Hossain [Bangladesh] ; Dipali Rani Gupta [Bangladesh] ; Md. Mahbubur Rahman [Bangladesh] ; M. Golam Mahboob [Bangladesh] ; Nicola Cook ; Moin U. Salam ; Musrat Zahan Surovy [Bangladesh] ; Vanessa Bueno Sancho ; João Leodato Nunes Maciel ; Antonio Nhanijúnior ; Vanina Lilián Castroagudín [Brésil] ; Juliana T. De Assis Reges [Brésil] ; Paulo Cezar Ceresini [Brésil] ; Sebastien Ravel [France] ; Ronny Kellner [Allemagne] ; Elisabeth Fournier [France] ; Didier Tharreau [France] ; Marc-Henri Lebrun [France] ; Bruce A. Mcdonald [Suisse] ; Timothy Stitt ; Daniel Swan ; Nicholas J. Talbot ; Diane G. O. Saunders ; Joe Win ; Sophien KamounSource :
- BMC Biology [ 1741-7007 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- génétique : Maladies des plantes, Triticum.
- microbiologie : Maladies des plantes, Triticum.
- pathogénicité : Magnaporthe.
- Bangladesh, Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétaux.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- genetics : Plant Diseases, Triticum.
- microbiology : Plant Diseases, Triticum.
- pathogenicity : Magnaporthe.
- Bangladesh, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant.
Abstract
In February 2016, a new fungal disease was spotted in wheat fields across eight districts in Bangladesh. The epidemic spread to an estimated 15,000 hectares, about 16 % of the cultivated wheat area in Bangladesh, with yield losses reaching up to 100 %. Within weeks of the onset of the epidemic, we performed transcriptome sequencing of symptomatic leaf samples collected directly from Bangladeshi fields.
Reinoculation of seedlings with strains isolated from infected wheat grains showed wheat blast symptoms on leaves of wheat but not rice. Our phylogenomic and population genomic analyses revealed that the wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh was most likely caused by a wheat-infecting South American lineage of the blast fungus
Our findings suggest that genomic surveillance can be rapidly applied to monitor plant disease outbreaks and provide valuable information regarding the identity and origin of the infectious agent.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0309-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0309-7
PubMed: 27716181
PubMed Central: 5047043
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PMC:5047043Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Kamoun, Sophien" sort="Kamoun, Sophien" uniqKey="Kamoun S" first="Sophien" last="Kamoun">Sophien Kamoun</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Emergence of wheat blast in Bangladesh was caused by a South American lineage of <italic>Magnaporthe oryzae</italic>
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<author><name sortKey="Islam, M Tofazzal" sort="Islam, M Tofazzal" uniqKey="Islam M" first="M. Tofazzal" last="Islam">M. Tofazzal Islam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Soanes, Darren M" sort="Soanes, Darren M" uniqKey="Soanes D" first="Darren M." last="Soanes">Darren M. Soanes</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">EX4 4QD UK</wicri:noCountry>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Persoons, Antoine" sort="Persoons, Antoine" uniqKey="Persoons A" first="Antoine" last="Persoons">Antoine Persoons</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bhattacharjee, Pallab" sort="Bhattacharjee, Pallab" uniqKey="Bhattacharjee P" first="Pallab" last="Bhattacharjee">Pallab Bhattacharjee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hossain, Md Shaid" sort="Hossain, Md Shaid" uniqKey="Hossain M" first="Md. Shaid" last="Hossain">Md. Shaid Hossain</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gupta, Dipali Rani" sort="Gupta, Dipali Rani" uniqKey="Gupta D" first="Dipali Rani" last="Gupta">Dipali Rani Gupta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" sort="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Md. Mahbubur" last="Rahman">Md. Mahbubur Rahman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahboob, M Golam" sort="Mahboob, M Golam" uniqKey="Mahboob M" first="M. Golam" last="Mahboob">M. Golam Mahboob</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cook, Nicola" sort="Cook, Nicola" uniqKey="Cook N" first="Nicola" last="Cook">Nicola Cook</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salam, Moin U" sort="Salam, Moin U" uniqKey="Salam M" first="Moin U." last="Salam">Moin U. Salam</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Directorate of Grains Industry, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA), 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151 Australia</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">WA 6151 Australia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" sort="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" uniqKey="Surovy M" first="Musrat Zahan" last="Surovy">Musrat Zahan Surovy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" sort="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" uniqKey="Sancho V" first="Vanessa Bueno" last="Sancho">Vanessa Bueno Sancho</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" sort="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" uniqKey="Maciel J" first="João Leodato Nunes" last="Maciel">João Leodato Nunes Maciel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nhanijunior, Antonio" sort="Nhanijunior, Antonio" uniqKey="Nhanijunior A" first="Antonio" last="Nhanijúnior">Antonio Nhanijúnior</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" sort="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" uniqKey="Castroagudin V" first="Vanina Lilián" last="Castroagudín">Vanina Lilián Castroagudín</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" sort="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" uniqKey="Reges J" first="Juliana T. De Assis" last="Reges">Juliana T. De Assis Reges</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" sort="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" uniqKey="Ceresini P" first="Paulo Cezar" last="Ceresini">Paulo Cezar Ceresini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ravel, Sebastien" sort="Ravel, Sebastien" uniqKey="Ravel S" first="Sebastien" last="Ravel">Sebastien Ravel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kellner, Ronny" sort="Kellner, Ronny" uniqKey="Kellner R" first="Ronny" last="Kellner">Ronny Kellner</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829 Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fournier, Elisabeth" sort="Fournier, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Fournier E" first="Elisabeth" last="Fournier">Elisabeth Fournier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tharreau, Didier" sort="Tharreau, Didier" uniqKey="Tharreau D" first="Didier" last="Tharreau">Didier Tharreau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lebrun, Marc Henri" sort="Lebrun, Marc Henri" uniqKey="Lebrun M" first="Marc-Henri" last="Lebrun">Marc-Henri Lebrun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Bruce A" sort="Mcdonald, Bruce A" uniqKey="Mcdonald B" first="Bruce A." last="Mcdonald">Bruce A. Mcdonald</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>8092 Zurich</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stitt, Timothy" sort="Stitt, Timothy" uniqKey="Stitt T" first="Timothy" last="Stitt">Timothy Stitt</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swan, Daniel" sort="Swan, Daniel" uniqKey="Swan D" first="Daniel" last="Swan">Daniel Swan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Talbot, Nicholas J" sort="Talbot, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Talbot N" first="Nicholas J." last="Talbot">Nicholas J. Talbot</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">EX4 4QD UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saunders, Diane G O" sort="Saunders, Diane G O" uniqKey="Saunders D" first="Diane G. O." last="Saunders">Diane G. O. Saunders</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14">John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Win, Joe" sort="Win, Joe" uniqKey="Win J" first="Joe" last="Win">Joe Win</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kamoun, Sophien" sort="Kamoun, Sophien" uniqKey="Kamoun S" first="Sophien" last="Kamoun">Sophien Kamoun</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">BMC Biology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1741-7007</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Bangladesh</term>
<term>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</term>
<term>Magnaporthe (pathogenicity)</term>
<term>Plant Diseases (genetics)</term>
<term>Plant Diseases (microbiology)</term>
<term>Triticum (genetics)</term>
<term>Triticum (microbiology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bangladesh</term>
<term>Magnaporthe (pathogénicité)</term>
<term>Maladies des plantes (génétique)</term>
<term>Maladies des plantes (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétaux</term>
<term>Triticum (génétique)</term>
<term>Triticum (microbiologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Diseases</term>
<term>Triticum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladies des plantes</term>
<term>Triticum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladies des plantes</term>
<term>Triticum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Diseases</term>
<term>Triticum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Magnaporthe</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Magnaporthe</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Bangladesh</term>
<term>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bangladesh</term>
<term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétaux</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>In February 2016, a new fungal disease was spotted in wheat fields across eight districts in Bangladesh. The epidemic spread to an estimated 15,000 hectares, about 16 % of the cultivated wheat area in Bangladesh, with yield losses reaching up to 100 %. Within weeks of the onset of the epidemic, we performed transcriptome sequencing of symptomatic leaf samples collected directly from Bangladeshi fields.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Reinoculation of seedlings with strains isolated from infected wheat grains showed wheat blast symptoms on leaves of wheat but not rice. Our phylogenomic and population genomic analyses revealed that the wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh was most likely caused by a wheat-infecting South American lineage of the blast fungus <italic>Magnaporthe oryzae</italic>
.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Our findings suggest that genomic surveillance can be rapidly applied to monitor plant disease outbreaks and provide valuable information regarding the identity and origin of the infectious agent.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0309-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hossain, Md Shaid" sort="Hossain, Md Shaid" uniqKey="Hossain M" first="Md. Shaid" last="Hossain">Md. Shaid Hossain</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gupta, Dipali Rani" sort="Gupta, Dipali Rani" uniqKey="Gupta D" first="Dipali Rani" last="Gupta">Dipali Rani Gupta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" sort="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Md. Mahbubur" last="Rahman">Md. Mahbubur Rahman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahboob, M Golam" sort="Mahboob, M Golam" uniqKey="Mahboob M" first="M. Golam" last="Mahboob">M. Golam Mahboob</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cook, Nicola" sort="Cook, Nicola" uniqKey="Cook N" first="Nicola" last="Cook">Nicola Cook</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salam, Moin U" sort="Salam, Moin U" uniqKey="Salam M" first="Moin U." last="Salam">Moin U. Salam</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Directorate of Grains Industry, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA), 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151 Australia</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">WA 6151 Australia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" sort="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" uniqKey="Surovy M" first="Musrat Zahan" last="Surovy">Musrat Zahan Surovy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" sort="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" uniqKey="Sancho V" first="Vanessa Bueno" last="Sancho">Vanessa Bueno Sancho</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" sort="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" uniqKey="Maciel J" first="João Leodato Nunes" last="Maciel">João Leodato Nunes Maciel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nhanijunior, Antonio" sort="Nhanijunior, Antonio" uniqKey="Nhanijunior A" first="Antonio" last="Nhanijúnior">Antonio Nhanijúnior</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" sort="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" uniqKey="Castroagudin V" first="Vanina Lilián" last="Castroagudín">Vanina Lilián Castroagudín</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" sort="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" uniqKey="Reges J" first="Juliana T. De Assis" last="Reges">Juliana T. De Assis Reges</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" sort="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" uniqKey="Ceresini P" first="Paulo Cezar" last="Ceresini">Paulo Cezar Ceresini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ravel, Sebastien" sort="Ravel, Sebastien" uniqKey="Ravel S" first="Sebastien" last="Ravel">Sebastien Ravel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kellner, Ronny" sort="Kellner, Ronny" uniqKey="Kellner R" first="Ronny" last="Kellner">Ronny Kellner</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829 Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fournier, Elisabeth" sort="Fournier, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Fournier E" first="Elisabeth" last="Fournier">Elisabeth Fournier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tharreau, Didier" sort="Tharreau, Didier" uniqKey="Tharreau D" first="Didier" last="Tharreau">Didier Tharreau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lebrun, Marc Henri" sort="Lebrun, Marc Henri" uniqKey="Lebrun M" first="Marc-Henri" last="Lebrun">Marc-Henri Lebrun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Bruce A" sort="Mcdonald, Bruce A" uniqKey="Mcdonald B" first="Bruce A." last="Mcdonald">Bruce A. Mcdonald</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>8092 Zurich</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stitt, Timothy" sort="Stitt, Timothy" uniqKey="Stitt T" first="Timothy" last="Stitt">Timothy Stitt</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swan, Daniel" sort="Swan, Daniel" uniqKey="Swan D" first="Daniel" last="Swan">Daniel Swan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Talbot, Nicholas J" sort="Talbot, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Talbot N" first="Nicholas J." last="Talbot">Nicholas J. Talbot</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">EX4 4QD UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saunders, Diane G O" sort="Saunders, Diane G O" uniqKey="Saunders D" first="Diane G. O." last="Saunders">Diane G. O. Saunders</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14">John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Win, Joe" sort="Win, Joe" uniqKey="Win J" first="Joe" last="Win">Joe Win</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kamoun, Sophien" sort="Kamoun, Sophien" uniqKey="Kamoun S" first="Sophien" last="Kamoun">Sophien Kamoun</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">27716181</idno>
<idno type="pmc">5047043</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5047043</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:5047043</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1186/s12915-016-0309-7</idno>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
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</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Emergence of wheat blast in Bangladesh was caused by a South American lineage of <italic>Magnaporthe oryzae</italic>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Islam, M Tofazzal" sort="Islam, M Tofazzal" uniqKey="Islam M" first="M. Tofazzal" last="Islam">M. Tofazzal Islam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Croll, Daniel" sort="Croll, Daniel" uniqKey="Croll D" first="Daniel" last="Croll">Daniel Croll</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>8092 Zurich</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gladieux, Pierre" sort="Gladieux, Pierre" uniqKey="Gladieux P" first="Pierre" last="Gladieux">Pierre Gladieux</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soanes, Darren M" sort="Soanes, Darren M" uniqKey="Soanes D" first="Darren M." last="Soanes">Darren M. Soanes</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">EX4 4QD UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Persoons, Antoine" sort="Persoons, Antoine" uniqKey="Persoons A" first="Antoine" last="Persoons">Antoine Persoons</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bhattacharjee, Pallab" sort="Bhattacharjee, Pallab" uniqKey="Bhattacharjee P" first="Pallab" last="Bhattacharjee">Pallab Bhattacharjee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hossain, Md Shaid" sort="Hossain, Md Shaid" uniqKey="Hossain M" first="Md. Shaid" last="Hossain">Md. Shaid Hossain</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gupta, Dipali Rani" sort="Gupta, Dipali Rani" uniqKey="Gupta D" first="Dipali Rani" last="Gupta">Dipali Rani Gupta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" sort="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Md. Mahbubur" last="Rahman">Md. Mahbubur Rahman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahboob, M Golam" sort="Mahboob, M Golam" uniqKey="Mahboob M" first="M. Golam" last="Mahboob">M. Golam Mahboob</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cook, Nicola" sort="Cook, Nicola" uniqKey="Cook N" first="Nicola" last="Cook">Nicola Cook</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salam, Moin U" sort="Salam, Moin U" uniqKey="Salam M" first="Moin U." last="Salam">Moin U. Salam</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Directorate of Grains Industry, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA), 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151 Australia</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">WA 6151 Australia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" sort="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" uniqKey="Surovy M" first="Musrat Zahan" last="Surovy">Musrat Zahan Surovy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" sort="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" uniqKey="Sancho V" first="Vanessa Bueno" last="Sancho">Vanessa Bueno Sancho</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" sort="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" uniqKey="Maciel J" first="João Leodato Nunes" last="Maciel">João Leodato Nunes Maciel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nhanijunior, Antonio" sort="Nhanijunior, Antonio" uniqKey="Nhanijunior A" first="Antonio" last="Nhanijúnior">Antonio Nhanijúnior</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" sort="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" uniqKey="Castroagudin V" first="Vanina Lilián" last="Castroagudín">Vanina Lilián Castroagudín</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" sort="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" uniqKey="Reges J" first="Juliana T. De Assis" last="Reges">Juliana T. De Assis Reges</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" sort="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" uniqKey="Ceresini P" first="Paulo Cezar" last="Ceresini">Paulo Cezar Ceresini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ravel, Sebastien" sort="Ravel, Sebastien" uniqKey="Ravel S" first="Sebastien" last="Ravel">Sebastien Ravel</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kellner, Ronny" sort="Kellner, Ronny" uniqKey="Kellner R" first="Ronny" last="Kellner">Ronny Kellner</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829 Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fournier, Elisabeth" sort="Fournier, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Fournier E" first="Elisabeth" last="Fournier">Elisabeth Fournier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tharreau, Didier" sort="Tharreau, Didier" uniqKey="Tharreau D" first="Didier" last="Tharreau">Didier Tharreau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lebrun, Marc Henri" sort="Lebrun, Marc Henri" uniqKey="Lebrun M" first="Marc-Henri" last="Lebrun">Marc-Henri Lebrun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Bruce A" sort="Mcdonald, Bruce A" uniqKey="Mcdonald B" first="Bruce A." last="Mcdonald">Bruce A. Mcdonald</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>8092 Zurich</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stitt, Timothy" sort="Stitt, Timothy" uniqKey="Stitt T" first="Timothy" last="Stitt">Timothy Stitt</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swan, Daniel" sort="Swan, Daniel" uniqKey="Swan D" first="Daniel" last="Swan">Daniel Swan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Talbot, Nicholas J" sort="Talbot, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Talbot N" first="Nicholas J." last="Talbot">Nicholas J. Talbot</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">EX4 4QD UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saunders, Diane G O" sort="Saunders, Diane G O" uniqKey="Saunders D" first="Diane G. O." last="Saunders">Diane G. O. Saunders</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14">John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Win, Joe" sort="Win, Joe" uniqKey="Win J" first="Joe" last="Win">Joe Win</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kamoun, Sophien" sort="Kamoun, Sophien" uniqKey="Kamoun S" first="Sophien" last="Kamoun">Sophien Kamoun</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">BMC Biology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1741-7007</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>In February 2016, a new fungal disease was spotted in wheat fields across eight districts in Bangladesh. The epidemic spread to an estimated 15,000 hectares, about 16 % of the cultivated wheat area in Bangladesh, with yield losses reaching up to 100 %. Within weeks of the onset of the epidemic, we performed transcriptome sequencing of symptomatic leaf samples collected directly from Bangladeshi fields.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Reinoculation of seedlings with strains isolated from infected wheat grains showed wheat blast symptoms on leaves of wheat but not rice. Our phylogenomic and population genomic analyses revealed that the wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh was most likely caused by a wheat-infecting South American lineage of the blast fungus <italic>Magnaporthe oryzae</italic>
.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Our findings suggest that genomic surveillance can be rapidly applied to monitor plant disease outbreaks and provide valuable information regarding the identity and origin of the infectious agent.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0309-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Emergence of wheat blast in Bangladesh was caused by a South American lineage of Magnaporthe oryzae.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Islam, M Tofazzal" sort="Islam, M Tofazzal" uniqKey="Islam M" first="M Tofazzal" last="Islam">M Tofazzal Islam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh. tofazzalislam@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Croll, Daniel" sort="Croll, Daniel" uniqKey="Croll D" first="Daniel" last="Croll">Daniel Croll</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Zurich</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gladieux, Pierre" sort="Gladieux, Pierre" uniqKey="Gladieux P" first="Pierre" last="Gladieux">Pierre Gladieux</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soanes, Darren M" sort="Soanes, Darren M" uniqKey="Soanes D" first="Darren M" last="Soanes">Darren M. Soanes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>EX4 4QD</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Persoons, Antoine" sort="Persoons, Antoine" uniqKey="Persoons A" first="Antoine" last="Persoons">Antoine Persoons</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bhattacharjee, Pallab" sort="Bhattacharjee, Pallab" uniqKey="Bhattacharjee P" first="Pallab" last="Bhattacharjee">Pallab Bhattacharjee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1706</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hossain, Md Shaid" sort="Hossain, Md Shaid" uniqKey="Hossain M" first="Md Shaid" last="Hossain">Md Shaid Hossain</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1706</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gupta, Dipali Rani" sort="Gupta, Dipali Rani" uniqKey="Gupta D" first="Dipali Rani" last="Gupta">Dipali Rani Gupta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1706</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" sort="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Md Mahbubur" last="Rahman">Md Mahbubur Rahman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1706</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahboob, M Golam" sort="Mahboob, M Golam" uniqKey="Mahboob M" first="M Golam" last="Mahboob">M Golam Mahboob</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cook, Nicola" sort="Cook, Nicola" uniqKey="Cook N" first="Nicola" last="Cook">Nicola Cook</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salam, Moin U" sort="Salam, Moin U" uniqKey="Salam M" first="Moin U" last="Salam">Moin U. Salam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Directorate of Grains Industry, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA), 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Directorate of Grains Industry, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA), 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>6151</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" sort="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" uniqKey="Surovy M" first="Musrat Zahan" last="Surovy">Musrat Zahan Surovy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" sort="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" uniqKey="Sancho V" first="Vanessa Bueno" last="Sancho">Vanessa Bueno Sancho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" sort="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" uniqKey="Maciel J" first="João Leodato Nunes" last="Maciel">João Leodato Nunes Maciel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Rio Grande do Sul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nhanijunior, Antonio" sort="Nhanijunior, Antonio" uniqKey="Nhanijunior A" first="Antonio" last="Nhanijúnior">Antonio Nhanijúnior</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Rio Grande do Sul</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" sort="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" uniqKey="Castroagudin V" first="Vanina Lilián" last="Castroagudín">Vanina Lilián Castroagudín</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" sort="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" uniqKey="Reges J" first="Juliana T De Assis" last="Reges">Juliana T De Assis Reges</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" sort="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" uniqKey="Ceresini P" first="Paulo Cezar" last="Ceresini">Paulo Cezar Ceresini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
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</placeName>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ravel, Sebastien" sort="Ravel, Sebastien" uniqKey="Ravel S" first="Sebastien" last="Ravel">Sebastien Ravel</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kellner, Ronny" sort="Kellner, Ronny" uniqKey="Kellner R" first="Ronny" last="Kellner">Ronny Kellner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fournier, Elisabeth" sort="Fournier, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Fournier E" first="Elisabeth" last="Fournier">Elisabeth Fournier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Tharreau, Didier" sort="Tharreau, Didier" uniqKey="Tharreau D" first="Didier" last="Tharreau">Didier Tharreau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lebrun, Marc Henri" sort="Lebrun, Marc Henri" uniqKey="Lebrun M" first="Marc-Henri" last="Lebrun">Marc-Henri Lebrun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Bruce A" sort="Mcdonald, Bruce A" uniqKey="Mcdonald B" first="Bruce A" last="Mcdonald">Bruce A. Mcdonald</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stitt, Timothy" sort="Stitt, Timothy" uniqKey="Stitt T" first="Timothy" last="Stitt">Timothy Stitt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swan, Daniel" sort="Swan, Daniel" uniqKey="Swan D" first="Daniel" last="Swan">Daniel Swan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Talbot, Nicholas J" sort="Talbot, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Talbot N" first="Nicholas J" last="Talbot">Nicholas J. Talbot</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>EX4 4QD</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saunders, Diane G O" sort="Saunders, Diane G O" uniqKey="Saunders D" first="Diane G O" last="Saunders">Diane G O. Saunders</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Win, Joe" sort="Win, Joe" uniqKey="Win J" first="Joe" last="Win">Joe Win</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kamoun, Sophien" sort="Kamoun, Sophien" uniqKey="Kamoun S" first="Sophien" last="Kamoun">Sophien Kamoun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK. sophien.kamoun@tsl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
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<idno type="RBID">pubmed:27716181</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Emergence of wheat blast in Bangladesh was caused by a South American lineage of Magnaporthe oryzae.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Islam, M Tofazzal" sort="Islam, M Tofazzal" uniqKey="Islam M" first="M Tofazzal" last="Islam">M Tofazzal Islam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh. tofazzalislam@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1706</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Croll, Daniel" sort="Croll, Daniel" uniqKey="Croll D" first="Daniel" last="Croll">Daniel Croll</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Zurich</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gladieux, Pierre" sort="Gladieux, Pierre" uniqKey="Gladieux P" first="Pierre" last="Gladieux">Pierre Gladieux</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soanes, Darren M" sort="Soanes, Darren M" uniqKey="Soanes D" first="Darren M" last="Soanes">Darren M. Soanes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>EX4 4QD</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Persoons, Antoine" sort="Persoons, Antoine" uniqKey="Persoons A" first="Antoine" last="Persoons">Antoine Persoons</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bhattacharjee, Pallab" sort="Bhattacharjee, Pallab" uniqKey="Bhattacharjee P" first="Pallab" last="Bhattacharjee">Pallab Bhattacharjee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1706</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hossain, Md Shaid" sort="Hossain, Md Shaid" uniqKey="Hossain M" first="Md Shaid" last="Hossain">Md Shaid Hossain</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1706</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gupta, Dipali Rani" sort="Gupta, Dipali Rani" uniqKey="Gupta D" first="Dipali Rani" last="Gupta">Dipali Rani Gupta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1706</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" sort="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Md Mahbubur" last="Rahman">Md Mahbubur Rahman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1706</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahboob, M Golam" sort="Mahboob, M Golam" uniqKey="Mahboob M" first="M Golam" last="Mahboob">M Golam Mahboob</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cook, Nicola" sort="Cook, Nicola" uniqKey="Cook N" first="Nicola" last="Cook">Nicola Cook</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salam, Moin U" sort="Salam, Moin U" uniqKey="Salam M" first="Moin U" last="Salam">Moin U. Salam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Directorate of Grains Industry, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA), 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Directorate of Grains Industry, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA), 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>6151</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" sort="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" uniqKey="Surovy M" first="Musrat Zahan" last="Surovy">Musrat Zahan Surovy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1706</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" sort="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" uniqKey="Sancho V" first="Vanessa Bueno" last="Sancho">Vanessa Bueno Sancho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" sort="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" uniqKey="Maciel J" first="João Leodato Nunes" last="Maciel">João Leodato Nunes Maciel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Rio Grande do Sul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nhanijunior, Antonio" sort="Nhanijunior, Antonio" uniqKey="Nhanijunior A" first="Antonio" last="Nhanijúnior">Antonio Nhanijúnior</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Rio Grande do Sul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" sort="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" uniqKey="Castroagudin V" first="Vanina Lilián" last="Castroagudín">Vanina Lilián Castroagudín</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" sort="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" uniqKey="Reges J" first="Juliana T De Assis" last="Reges">Juliana T De Assis Reges</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" sort="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" uniqKey="Ceresini P" first="Paulo Cezar" last="Ceresini">Paulo Cezar Ceresini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ravel, Sebastien" sort="Ravel, Sebastien" uniqKey="Ravel S" first="Sebastien" last="Ravel">Sebastien Ravel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kellner, Ronny" sort="Kellner, Ronny" uniqKey="Kellner R" first="Ronny" last="Kellner">Ronny Kellner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fournier, Elisabeth" sort="Fournier, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Fournier E" first="Elisabeth" last="Fournier">Elisabeth Fournier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tharreau, Didier" sort="Tharreau, Didier" uniqKey="Tharreau D" first="Didier" last="Tharreau">Didier Tharreau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lebrun, Marc Henri" sort="Lebrun, Marc Henri" uniqKey="Lebrun M" first="Marc-Henri" last="Lebrun">Marc-Henri Lebrun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Bruce A" sort="Mcdonald, Bruce A" uniqKey="Mcdonald B" first="Bruce A" last="Mcdonald">Bruce A. Mcdonald</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Zurich</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stitt, Timothy" sort="Stitt, Timothy" uniqKey="Stitt T" first="Timothy" last="Stitt">Timothy Stitt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swan, Daniel" sort="Swan, Daniel" uniqKey="Swan D" first="Daniel" last="Swan">Daniel Swan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Talbot, Nicholas J" sort="Talbot, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Talbot N" first="Nicholas J" last="Talbot">Nicholas J. Talbot</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>EX4 4QD</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saunders, Diane G O" sort="Saunders, Diane G O" uniqKey="Saunders D" first="Diane G O" last="Saunders">Diane G O. Saunders</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Win, Joe" sort="Win, Joe" uniqKey="Win J" first="Joe" last="Win">Joe Win</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kamoun, Sophien" sort="Kamoun, Sophien" uniqKey="Kamoun S" first="Sophien" last="Kamoun">Sophien Kamoun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK. sophien.kamoun@tsl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NR4 7UH</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">BMC biology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1741-7007</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Bangladesh</term>
<term>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</term>
<term>Magnaporthe (pathogenicity)</term>
<term>Plant Diseases (genetics)</term>
<term>Plant Diseases (microbiology)</term>
<term>Triticum (genetics)</term>
<term>Triticum (microbiology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bangladesh</term>
<term>Magnaporthe (pathogénicité)</term>
<term>Maladies des plantes (génétique)</term>
<term>Maladies des plantes (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétaux</term>
<term>Triticum (génétique)</term>
<term>Triticum (microbiologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Diseases</term>
<term>Triticum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladies des plantes</term>
<term>Triticum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladies des plantes</term>
<term>Triticum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Diseases</term>
<term>Triticum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Magnaporthe</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Magnaporthe</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Bangladesh</term>
<term>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bangladesh</term>
<term>Régulation de l'expression des gènes végétaux</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In February 2016, a new fungal disease was spotted in wheat fields across eight districts in Bangladesh. The epidemic spread to an estimated 15,000 hectares, about 16 % of the cultivated wheat area in Bangladesh, with yield losses reaching up to 100 %. Within weeks of the onset of the epidemic, we performed transcriptome sequencing of symptomatic leaf samples collected directly from Bangladeshi fields.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</pubmed>
</double>
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