Emergence of wheat blast in Bangladesh was caused by a South American lineage of Magnaporthe oryzae
Identifieur interne : 000976 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000975; suivant : 000977Emergence of wheat blast in Bangladesh was caused by a South American lineage of Magnaporthe oryzae
Auteurs : M. Tofazzal Islam [Bangladesh] ; Daniel Croll [Suisse] ; Pierre Gladieux [France] ; Darren M. Soanes ; Antoine Persoons ; Pallab Bhattacharjee [Bangladesh] ; Md. Shaid Hossain [Bangladesh] ; Dipali Rani Gupta [Bangladesh] ; Md. Mahbubur Rahman [Bangladesh] ; M. Golam Mahboob [Bangladesh] ; Nicola Cook ; Moin U. Salam ; Musrat Zahan Surovy [Bangladesh] ; Vanessa Bueno Sancho ; João Leodato Nunes Maciel ; Antonio Nhanijúnior ; Vanina Lilián Castroagudín [Brésil] ; Juliana T. De Assis Reges [Brésil] ; Paulo Cezar Ceresini [Brésil] ; Sebastien Ravel [France] ; Ronny Kellner [Allemagne] ; Elisabeth Fournier [France] ; Didier Tharreau [France] ; Marc-Henri Lebrun [France] ; Bruce A. Mcdonald [Suisse] ; Timothy Stitt ; Daniel Swan ; Nicholas J. Talbot ; Diane G. O. Saunders ; Joe Win ; Sophien KamounSource :
- BMC Biology [ 1741-7007 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
In February 2016, a new fungal disease was spotted in wheat fields across eight districts in Bangladesh. The epidemic spread to an estimated 15,000 hectares, about 16 % of the cultivated wheat area in Bangladesh, with yield losses reaching up to 100 %. Within weeks of the onset of the epidemic, we performed transcriptome sequencing of symptomatic leaf samples collected directly from Bangladeshi fields.
Reinoculation of seedlings with strains isolated from infected wheat grains showed wheat blast symptoms on leaves of wheat but not rice. Our phylogenomic and population genomic analyses revealed that the wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh was most likely caused by a wheat-infecting South American lineage of the blast fungus
Our findings suggest that genomic surveillance can be rapidly applied to monitor plant disease outbreaks and provide valuable information regarding the identity and origin of the infectious agent.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0309-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0309-7
PubMed: 27716181
PubMed Central: 5047043
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Bangladesh, Brésil, France, Suisse
- Languedoc-Roussillon, Occitanie (région administrative), État de São Paulo
- Montpellier, São Paulo
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Tofazzal Islam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Croll, Daniel" sort="Croll, Daniel" uniqKey="Croll D" first="Daniel" last="Croll">Daniel Croll</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>8092 Zurich</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gladieux, Pierre" sort="Gladieux, Pierre" uniqKey="Gladieux P" first="Pierre" last="Gladieux">Pierre Gladieux</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soanes, Darren M" sort="Soanes, Darren M" uniqKey="Soanes D" first="Darren M." last="Soanes">Darren M. 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Shaid Hossain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Dipali Rani" sort="Gupta, Dipali Rani" uniqKey="Gupta D" first="Dipali Rani" last="Gupta">Dipali Rani Gupta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" sort="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Md. Mahbubur" last="Rahman">Md. Mahbubur Rahman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahboob, M Golam" sort="Mahboob, M Golam" uniqKey="Mahboob M" first="M. Golam" last="Mahboob">M. Golam Mahboob</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur, Bangladesh</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Nicola" sort="Cook, Nicola" uniqKey="Cook N" first="Nicola" last="Cook">Nicola Cook</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salam, Moin U" sort="Salam, Moin U" uniqKey="Salam M" first="Moin U." last="Salam">Moin U. Salam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Directorate of Grains Industry, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA), 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151 Australia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">WA 6151 Australia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" sort="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" uniqKey="Surovy M" first="Musrat Zahan" last="Surovy">Musrat Zahan Surovy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" sort="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" uniqKey="Sancho V" first="Vanessa Bueno" last="Sancho">Vanessa Bueno Sancho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" sort="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" uniqKey="Maciel J" first="João Leodato Nunes" last="Maciel">João Leodato Nunes Maciel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nhanijunior, Antonio" sort="Nhanijunior, Antonio" uniqKey="Nhanijunior A" first="Antonio" last="Nhanijúnior">Antonio Nhanijúnior</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" sort="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" uniqKey="Castroagudin V" first="Vanina Lilián" last="Castroagudín">Vanina Lilián Castroagudín</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" sort="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" uniqKey="Reges J" first="Juliana T. De Assis" last="Reges">Juliana T. De Assis Reges</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" sort="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" uniqKey="Ceresini P" first="Paulo Cezar" last="Ceresini">Paulo Cezar Ceresini</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ravel, Sebastien" sort="Ravel, Sebastien" uniqKey="Ravel S" first="Sebastien" last="Ravel">Sebastien Ravel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kellner, Ronny" sort="Kellner, Ronny" uniqKey="Kellner R" first="Ronny" last="Kellner">Ronny Kellner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829 Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, Elisabeth" sort="Fournier, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Fournier E" first="Elisabeth" last="Fournier">Elisabeth Fournier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tharreau, Didier" sort="Tharreau, Didier" uniqKey="Tharreau D" first="Didier" last="Tharreau">Didier Tharreau</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lebrun, Marc Henri" sort="Lebrun, Marc Henri" uniqKey="Lebrun M" first="Marc-Henri" last="Lebrun">Marc-Henri Lebrun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Bruce A" sort="Mcdonald, Bruce A" uniqKey="Mcdonald B" first="Bruce A." last="Mcdonald">Bruce A. Mcdonald</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>8092 Zurich</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stitt, Timothy" sort="Stitt, Timothy" uniqKey="Stitt T" first="Timothy" last="Stitt">Timothy Stitt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swan, Daniel" sort="Swan, Daniel" uniqKey="Swan D" first="Daniel" last="Swan">Daniel Swan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talbot, Nicholas J" sort="Talbot, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Talbot N" first="Nicholas J." last="Talbot">Nicholas J. Talbot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">EX4 4QD UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saunders, Diane G O" sort="Saunders, Diane G O" uniqKey="Saunders D" first="Diane G. O." last="Saunders">Diane G. O. Saunders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14">John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Win, Joe" sort="Win, Joe" uniqKey="Win J" first="Joe" last="Win">Joe Win</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamoun, Sophien" sort="Kamoun, Sophien" uniqKey="Kamoun S" first="Sophien" last="Kamoun">Sophien Kamoun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27716181</idno><idno type="pmc">5047043</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5047043</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5047043</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12915-016-0309-7</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000A49</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000A49</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000A26</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000A26</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000976</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000976</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Emergence of wheat blast in Bangladesh was caused by a South American lineage of <italic>Magnaporthe oryzae</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Islam, M Tofazzal" sort="Islam, M Tofazzal" uniqKey="Islam M" first="M. Tofazzal" last="Islam">M. Tofazzal Islam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Croll, Daniel" sort="Croll, Daniel" uniqKey="Croll D" first="Daniel" last="Croll">Daniel Croll</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>8092 Zurich</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gladieux, Pierre" sort="Gladieux, Pierre" uniqKey="Gladieux P" first="Pierre" last="Gladieux">Pierre Gladieux</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soanes, Darren M" sort="Soanes, Darren M" uniqKey="Soanes D" first="Darren M." last="Soanes">Darren M. Soanes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">EX4 4QD UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Persoons, Antoine" sort="Persoons, Antoine" uniqKey="Persoons A" first="Antoine" last="Persoons">Antoine Persoons</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhattacharjee, Pallab" sort="Bhattacharjee, Pallab" uniqKey="Bhattacharjee P" first="Pallab" last="Bhattacharjee">Pallab Bhattacharjee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hossain, Md Shaid" sort="Hossain, Md Shaid" uniqKey="Hossain M" first="Md. Shaid" last="Hossain">Md. Shaid Hossain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Dipali Rani" sort="Gupta, Dipali Rani" uniqKey="Gupta D" first="Dipali Rani" last="Gupta">Dipali Rani Gupta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" sort="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Md. Mahbubur" last="Rahman">Md. Mahbubur Rahman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahboob, M Golam" sort="Mahboob, M Golam" uniqKey="Mahboob M" first="M. Golam" last="Mahboob">M. Golam Mahboob</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur, Bangladesh</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Nicola" sort="Cook, Nicola" uniqKey="Cook N" first="Nicola" last="Cook">Nicola Cook</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salam, Moin U" sort="Salam, Moin U" uniqKey="Salam M" first="Moin U." last="Salam">Moin U. Salam</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Directorate of Grains Industry, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA), 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151 Australia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">WA 6151 Australia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" sort="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" uniqKey="Surovy M" first="Musrat Zahan" last="Surovy">Musrat Zahan Surovy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gazipur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" sort="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" uniqKey="Sancho V" first="Vanessa Bueno" last="Sancho">Vanessa Bueno Sancho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" sort="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" uniqKey="Maciel J" first="João Leodato Nunes" last="Maciel">João Leodato Nunes Maciel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nhanijunior, Antonio" sort="Nhanijunior, Antonio" uniqKey="Nhanijunior A" first="Antonio" last="Nhanijúnior">Antonio Nhanijúnior</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" sort="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" uniqKey="Castroagudin V" first="Vanina Lilián" last="Castroagudín">Vanina Lilián Castroagudín</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" sort="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" uniqKey="Reges J" first="Juliana T. De Assis" last="Reges">Juliana T. De Assis Reges</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" sort="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" uniqKey="Ceresini P" first="Paulo Cezar" last="Ceresini">Paulo Cezar Ceresini</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ravel, Sebastien" sort="Ravel, Sebastien" uniqKey="Ravel S" first="Sebastien" last="Ravel">Sebastien Ravel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kellner, Ronny" sort="Kellner, Ronny" uniqKey="Kellner R" first="Ronny" last="Kellner">Ronny Kellner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829 Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Cologne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fournier, Elisabeth" sort="Fournier, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Fournier E" first="Elisabeth" last="Fournier">Elisabeth Fournier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tharreau, Didier" sort="Tharreau, Didier" uniqKey="Tharreau D" first="Didier" last="Tharreau">Didier Tharreau</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lebrun, Marc Henri" sort="Lebrun, Marc Henri" uniqKey="Lebrun M" first="Marc-Henri" last="Lebrun">Marc-Henri Lebrun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Thiverval-Grignon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Bruce A" sort="Mcdonald, Bruce A" uniqKey="Mcdonald B" first="Bruce A." last="Mcdonald">Bruce A. Mcdonald</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>8092 Zurich</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stitt, Timothy" sort="Stitt, Timothy" uniqKey="Stitt T" first="Timothy" last="Stitt">Timothy Stitt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swan, Daniel" sort="Swan, Daniel" uniqKey="Swan D" first="Daniel" last="Swan">Daniel Swan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talbot, Nicholas J" sort="Talbot, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Talbot N" first="Nicholas J." last="Talbot">Nicholas J. Talbot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">EX4 4QD UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saunders, Diane G O" sort="Saunders, Diane G O" uniqKey="Saunders D" first="Diane G. O." last="Saunders">Diane G. O. Saunders</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14">John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Win, Joe" sort="Win, Joe" uniqKey="Win J" first="Joe" last="Win">Joe Win</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamoun, Sophien" sort="Kamoun, Sophien" uniqKey="Kamoun S" first="Sophien" last="Kamoun">Sophien Kamoun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NR4 7UH UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Biology</title><idno type="eISSN">1741-7007</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>In February 2016, a new fungal disease was spotted in wheat fields across eight districts in Bangladesh. The epidemic spread to an estimated 15,000 hectares, about 16 % of the cultivated wheat area in Bangladesh, with yield losses reaching up to 100 %. Within weeks of the onset of the epidemic, we performed transcriptome sequencing of symptomatic leaf samples collected directly from Bangladeshi fields.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Reinoculation of seedlings with strains isolated from infected wheat grains showed wheat blast symptoms on leaves of wheat but not rice. Our phylogenomic and population genomic analyses revealed that the wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh was most likely caused by a wheat-infecting South American lineage of the blast fungus <italic>Magnaporthe oryzae</italic>.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Our findings suggest that genomic surveillance can be rapidly applied to monitor plant disease outbreaks and provide valuable information regarding the identity and origin of the infectious agent.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0309-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fisher, Mc" uniqKey="Fisher M">MC Fisher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henk, Da" uniqKey="Henk D">DA Henk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Briggs, Cj" uniqKey="Briggs C">CJ 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMC Biol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">BMC Biol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BMC Biology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1741-7007</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27716181</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5047043</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">309</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s12915-016-0309-7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Emergence of wheat blast in Bangladesh was caused by a South American lineage of <italic>Magnaporthe oryzae</italic></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Islam</surname><given-names>M. Tofazzal</given-names></name><address><email>tofazzalislam@yahoo.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Croll</surname><given-names>Daniel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gladieux</surname><given-names>Pierre</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Soanes</surname><given-names>Darren M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Persoons</surname><given-names>Antoine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bhattacharjee</surname><given-names>Pallab</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hossain</surname><given-names>Md. Shaid</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gupta</surname><given-names>Dipali Rani</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rahman</surname><given-names>Md. Mahbubur</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mahboob</surname><given-names>M. Golam</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cook</surname><given-names>Nicola</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salam</surname><given-names>Moin U.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Surovy</surname><given-names>Musrat Zahan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sancho</surname><given-names>Vanessa Bueno</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maciel</surname><given-names>João Leodato Nunes</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>NhaniJúnior</surname><given-names>Antonio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Castroagudín</surname><given-names>Vanina Lilián</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reges</surname><given-names>Juliana T. de Assis</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ceresini</surname><given-names>Paulo Cezar</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ravel</surname><given-names>Sebastien</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kellner</surname><given-names>Ronny</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff11">11</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fournier</surname><given-names>Elisabeth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tharreau</surname><given-names>Didier</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lebrun</surname><given-names>Marc-Henri</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff13">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McDonald</surname><given-names>Bruce A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stitt</surname><given-names>Timothy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Swan</surname><given-names>Daniel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Talbot</surname><given-names>Nicholas J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Saunders</surname><given-names>Diane G. O.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Win</surname><given-names>Joe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-0315</contrib-id><name><surname>Kamoun</surname><given-names>Sophien</given-names></name><address><email>sophien.kamoun@tsl.ac.uk</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff11">11</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>INRA, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label>College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD UK</aff><aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label>Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</aff><aff id="Aff6"><label>6</label>Argo-Environmental Remote Sensing and Modeling Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur 1701, Gazipur, Bangladesh</aff><aff id="Aff7"><label>7</label>Directorate of Grains Industry, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA), 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151 Australia</aff><aff id="Aff8"><label>8</label>Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise - EMBRAPA Wheat/Trigo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil</aff><aff id="Aff9"><label>9</label>Department of Crop Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soil Science, University of São Paulo State - UNESP, IlhaSolteira Campus, São Paulo, Brazil</aff><aff id="Aff10"><label>10</label>CIRAD, UMR 385 Biologie et génétique des interactions plantes-pathogènes BGPI, Montpellier, France</aff><aff id="Aff11"><label>11</label>The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</aff><aff id="Aff12"><label>12</label>Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829 Germany</aff><aff id="Aff13"><label>13</label>INRA, UMR 1290 Biologie et Gestion des Risques en agriculture BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France</aff><aff id="Aff14"><label>14</label>John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>3</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>3</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><elocation-id>84</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>8</day><month>7</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>12</day><month>9</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Islam et al. 2016</copyright-statement><license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title><p>In February 2016, a new fungal disease was spotted in wheat fields across eight districts in Bangladesh. The epidemic spread to an estimated 15,000 hectares, about 16 % of the cultivated wheat area in Bangladesh, with yield losses reaching up to 100 %. Within weeks of the onset of the epidemic, we performed transcriptome sequencing of symptomatic leaf samples collected directly from Bangladeshi fields.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Reinoculation of seedlings with strains isolated from infected wheat grains showed wheat blast symptoms on leaves of wheat but not rice. Our phylogenomic and population genomic analyses revealed that the wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh was most likely caused by a wheat-infecting South American lineage of the blast fungus <italic>Magnaporthe oryzae</italic>.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Our findings suggest that genomic surveillance can be rapidly applied to monitor plant disease outbreaks and provide valuable information regarding the identity and origin of the infectious agent.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0309-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Field pathogenomics</kwd><kwd>Wheat blast</kwd><kwd>Phylogenomic analysis</kwd><kwd><italic>Eleusine indica</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Oryza sativa</italic></kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268</institution-id><institution>Biotechnology or provided scientific insight Biological Sciences Research Council</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268</institution-id><institution>Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268</institution-id><institution>Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268</institution-id><institution>Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution>World Bank</institution></funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution>Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development</institution></funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000324</institution-id><institution>Gatsby Charitable Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2016</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Bangladesh</li><li>Brésil</li><li>France</li><li>Suisse</li></country><region><li>Languedoc-Roussillon</li><li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li><li>État de São Paulo</li></region><settlement><li>Montpellier</li><li>São Paulo</li></settlement></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Cook, Nicola" sort="Cook, Nicola" uniqKey="Cook N" first="Nicola" last="Cook">Nicola Cook</name><name sortKey="Kamoun, Sophien" sort="Kamoun, Sophien" uniqKey="Kamoun S" first="Sophien" last="Kamoun">Sophien Kamoun</name><name sortKey="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" sort="Maciel, Joao Leodato Nunes" uniqKey="Maciel J" first="João Leodato Nunes" last="Maciel">João Leodato Nunes Maciel</name><name sortKey="Nhanijunior, Antonio" sort="Nhanijunior, Antonio" uniqKey="Nhanijunior A" first="Antonio" last="Nhanijúnior">Antonio Nhanijúnior</name><name sortKey="Persoons, Antoine" sort="Persoons, Antoine" uniqKey="Persoons A" first="Antoine" last="Persoons">Antoine Persoons</name><name sortKey="Salam, Moin U" sort="Salam, Moin U" uniqKey="Salam M" first="Moin U." last="Salam">Moin U. Salam</name><name sortKey="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" sort="Sancho, Vanessa Bueno" uniqKey="Sancho V" first="Vanessa Bueno" last="Sancho">Vanessa Bueno Sancho</name><name sortKey="Saunders, Diane G O" sort="Saunders, Diane G O" uniqKey="Saunders D" first="Diane G. O." last="Saunders">Diane G. O. Saunders</name><name sortKey="Soanes, Darren M" sort="Soanes, Darren M" uniqKey="Soanes D" first="Darren M." last="Soanes">Darren M. Soanes</name><name sortKey="Stitt, Timothy" sort="Stitt, Timothy" uniqKey="Stitt T" first="Timothy" last="Stitt">Timothy Stitt</name><name sortKey="Swan, Daniel" sort="Swan, Daniel" uniqKey="Swan D" first="Daniel" last="Swan">Daniel Swan</name><name sortKey="Talbot, Nicholas J" sort="Talbot, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Talbot N" first="Nicholas J." last="Talbot">Nicholas J. Talbot</name><name sortKey="Win, Joe" sort="Win, Joe" uniqKey="Win J" first="Joe" last="Win">Joe Win</name></noCountry><country name="Bangladesh"><noRegion><name sortKey="Islam, M Tofazzal" sort="Islam, M Tofazzal" uniqKey="Islam M" first="M. Tofazzal" last="Islam">M. Tofazzal Islam</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bhattacharjee, Pallab" sort="Bhattacharjee, Pallab" uniqKey="Bhattacharjee P" first="Pallab" last="Bhattacharjee">Pallab Bhattacharjee</name><name sortKey="Gupta, Dipali Rani" sort="Gupta, Dipali Rani" uniqKey="Gupta D" first="Dipali Rani" last="Gupta">Dipali Rani Gupta</name><name sortKey="Hossain, Md Shaid" sort="Hossain, Md Shaid" uniqKey="Hossain M" first="Md. Shaid" last="Hossain">Md. Shaid Hossain</name><name sortKey="Mahboob, M Golam" sort="Mahboob, M Golam" uniqKey="Mahboob M" first="M. Golam" last="Mahboob">M. Golam Mahboob</name><name sortKey="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" sort="Rahman, Md Mahbubur" uniqKey="Rahman M" first="Md. Mahbubur" last="Rahman">Md. Mahbubur Rahman</name><name sortKey="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" sort="Surovy, Musrat Zahan" uniqKey="Surovy M" first="Musrat Zahan" last="Surovy">Musrat Zahan Surovy</name></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Croll, Daniel" sort="Croll, Daniel" uniqKey="Croll D" first="Daniel" last="Croll">Daniel Croll</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Bruce A" sort="Mcdonald, Bruce A" uniqKey="Mcdonald B" first="Bruce A." last="Mcdonald">Bruce A. Mcdonald</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Occitanie (région administrative)"><name sortKey="Gladieux, Pierre" sort="Gladieux, Pierre" uniqKey="Gladieux P" first="Pierre" last="Gladieux">Pierre Gladieux</name></region><name sortKey="Fournier, Elisabeth" sort="Fournier, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Fournier E" first="Elisabeth" last="Fournier">Elisabeth Fournier</name><name sortKey="Lebrun, Marc Henri" sort="Lebrun, Marc Henri" uniqKey="Lebrun M" first="Marc-Henri" last="Lebrun">Marc-Henri Lebrun</name><name sortKey="Ravel, Sebastien" sort="Ravel, Sebastien" uniqKey="Ravel S" first="Sebastien" last="Ravel">Sebastien Ravel</name><name sortKey="Tharreau, Didier" sort="Tharreau, Didier" uniqKey="Tharreau D" first="Didier" last="Tharreau">Didier Tharreau</name></country><country name="Brésil"><region name="État de São Paulo"><name sortKey="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" sort="Castroagudin, Vanina Lilian" uniqKey="Castroagudin V" first="Vanina Lilián" last="Castroagudín">Vanina Lilián Castroagudín</name></region><name sortKey="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" sort="Ceresini, Paulo Cezar" uniqKey="Ceresini P" first="Paulo Cezar" last="Ceresini">Paulo Cezar Ceresini</name><name sortKey="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" sort="Reges, Juliana T De Assis" uniqKey="Reges J" first="Juliana T. De Assis" last="Reges">Juliana T. De Assis Reges</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kellner, Ronny" sort="Kellner, Ronny" uniqKey="Kellner R" first="Ronny" last="Kellner">Ronny Kellner</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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