A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolts from radio observations.
Identifieur interne : 003217 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003216; suivant : 003218A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolts from radio observations.
Auteurs : S. Buitink [Belgique] ; A. Corstanje [Pays-Bas] ; H. Falcke [Pays-Bas] ; J R Hörandel [Pays-Bas] ; T. Huege [Allemagne] ; A. Nelles [Pays-Bas] ; J P Rachen [Pays-Bas] ; L. Rossetto [Pays-Bas] ; P. Schellart [Pays-Bas] ; O. Scholten [Pays-Bas] ; S. Ter Veen [Pays-Bas] ; S. Thoudam [Pays-Bas] ; T N G. Trinh [Pays-Bas] ; J. Anderson [Allemagne] ; A. Asgekar [Pays-Bas] ; I M Avruch [Pays-Bas] ; M E Bell [Australie] ; M J Bentum [Pays-Bas] ; G. Bernardi [États-Unis] ; P. Best [Royaume-Uni] ; A. Bonafede [Allemagne] ; F. Breitling [Allemagne] ; J W Broderick [Royaume-Uni] ; W N Brouw [Pays-Bas] ; M. Brüggen [Allemagne] ; H R Butcher [Australie] ; D. Carbone [Pays-Bas] ; B. Ciardi [Allemagne] ; J E Conway [Suède] ; F. De Gasperin [Allemagne] ; E. De Geus [Pays-Bas] ; A. Deller [Pays-Bas] ; R-J Dettmar [Allemagne] ; G. Van Diepen [Pays-Bas] ; S. Duscha [Pays-Bas] ; J. Eislöffel [Allemagne] ; D. Engels [Allemagne] ; J E Enriquez [Pays-Bas] ; R A Fallows [Pays-Bas] ; R. Fender [Royaume-Uni] ; C. Ferrari [France] ; W. Frieswijk [Pays-Bas] ; M A Garrett [Pays-Bas] ; J M Grie Meier [France] ; A W Gunst [Pays-Bas] ; M P Van Haarlem [Pays-Bas] ; T E Hassall [Royaume-Uni] ; G. Heald [Pays-Bas] ; J W T. Hessels [Pays-Bas] ; M. Hoeft [Allemagne] ; A. Horneffer [Allemagne] ; M. Iacobelli [Pays-Bas] ; H. Intema [Pays-Bas] ; E. Juette [Allemagne] ; A. Karastergiou [Royaume-Uni] ; V I Kondratiev [Pays-Bas] ; M. Kramer [Allemagne] ; M. Kuniyoshi [Japon] ; G. Kuper [Pays-Bas] ; J. Van Leeuwen [Pays-Bas] ; G M Loose [Pays-Bas] ; P. Maat [Pays-Bas] ; G. Mann [Allemagne] ; S. Markoff [Pays-Bas] ; R. Mcfadden [Pays-Bas] ; D. Mckay-Bukowski [Finlande] ; J P Mckean [Pays-Bas] ; M. Mevius [Pays-Bas] ; D D Mulcahy [Royaume-Uni] ; H. Munk [Pays-Bas] ; M J Norden [Pays-Bas] ; E. Orru [Pays-Bas] ; H. Paas [Pays-Bas] ; M. Pandey-Pommier [France] ; V N Pandey [Pays-Bas] ; M. Pietka [Royaume-Uni] ; R. Pizzo [Pays-Bas] ; A G Polatidis [Pays-Bas] ; W. Reich [Allemagne] ; H J A. Röttgering [Pays-Bas] ; A M M. Scaife [Royaume-Uni] ; D J Schwarz [Allemagne] ; M. Serylak [Royaume-Uni] ; J. Sluman [Pays-Bas] ; O. Smirnov [Afrique du Sud] ; B W Stappers [Royaume-Uni] ; M. Steinmetz [Allemagne] ; A. Stewart [Royaume-Uni] ; J. Swinbank [Pays-Bas] ; M. Tagger [France] ; Y. Tang [Pays-Bas] ; C. Tasse [Afrique du Sud] ; M C Toribio [Pays-Bas] ; R. Vermeulen [Pays-Bas] ; C. Vocks [Allemagne] ; C. Vogt [Pays-Bas] ; R J Van Weeren [États-Unis] ; R A M J. Wijers [Pays-Bas] ; S J Wijnholds [Pays-Bas] ; M W Wise [Pays-Bas] ; O. Wucknitz [Allemagne] ; S. Yatawatta [Pays-Bas] ; P. Zarka [France] ; J A Zensus [Allemagne]Source :
- Nature [ 1476-4687 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Cosmic rays are the highest-energy particles found in nature. Measurements of the mass composition of cosmic rays with energies of 10(17)-10(18) electronvolts are essential to understanding whether they have galactic or extragalactic sources. It has also been proposed that the astrophysical neutrino signal comes from accelerators capable of producing cosmic rays of these energies. Cosmic rays initiate air showers--cascades of secondary particles in the atmosphere-and their masses can be inferred from measurements of the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum (Xmax; the depth of the air shower when it contains the most particles) or of the composition of shower particles reaching the ground. Current measurements have either high uncertainty, or a low duty cycle and a high energy threshold. Radio detection of cosmic rays is a rapidly developing technique for determining Xmax (refs 10, 11) with a duty cycle of, in principle, nearly 100 per cent. The radiation is generated by the separation of relativistic electrons and positrons in the geomagnetic field and a negative charge excess in the shower front. Here we report radio measurements of Xmax with a mean uncertainty of 16 grams per square centimetre for air showers initiated by cosmic rays with energies of 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolts. This high resolution in Xmax enables us to determine the mass spectrum of the cosmic rays: we find a mixed composition, with a light-mass fraction (protons and helium nuclei) of about 80 per cent. Unless, contrary to current expectations, the extragalactic component of cosmic rays contributes substantially to the total flux below 10(17.5) electronvolts, our measurements indicate the existence of an additional galactic component, to account for the light composition that we measured in the 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolt range.
DOI: 10.1038/nature16976
PubMed: 26935696
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Bernardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02138</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Best, P" sort="Best, P" uniqKey="Best P" first="P" last="Best">P. Best</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonafede, A" sort="Bonafede, A" uniqKey="Bonafede A" first="A" last="Bonafede">A. Bonafede</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21029 Hamburg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breitling, F" sort="Breitling, F" uniqKey="Breitling F" first="F" last="Breitling">F. Breitling</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Broderick, J W" sort="Broderick, J W" uniqKey="Broderick J" first="J W" last="Broderick">J W Broderick</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brouw, W N" sort="Brouw, W N" uniqKey="Brouw W" first="W N" last="Brouw">W N Brouw</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruggen, M" sort="Bruggen, M" uniqKey="Bruggen M" first="M" last="Brüggen">M. Brüggen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21029 Hamburg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Butcher, H R" sort="Butcher, H R" uniqKey="Butcher H" first="H R" last="Butcher">H R Butcher</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2611, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Australian Capital Territory 2611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carbone, D" sort="Carbone, D" uniqKey="Carbone D" first="D" last="Carbone">D. Carbone</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region>Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciardi, B" sort="Ciardi, B" uniqKey="Ciardi B" first="B" last="Ciardi">B. Ciardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 1, 85741 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 1, 85741 Garching</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>85741 Garching</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85741 Garching</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85741 Garching</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conway, J E" sort="Conway, J E" uniqKey="Conway J" first="J E" last="Conway">J E Conway</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Onsala Space Observatory, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Onsala Space Observatory, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-43992 Onsala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SE-43992 Onsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Gasperin, F" sort="De Gasperin, F" uniqKey="De Gasperin F" first="F" last="De Gasperin">F. De Gasperin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21029 Hamburg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, E" sort="De Geus, E" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="E" last="De Geus">E. De Geus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deller, A" sort="Deller, A" uniqKey="Deller A" first="A" last="Deller">A. Deller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dettmar, R J" sort="Dettmar, R J" uniqKey="Dettmar R" first="R-J" last="Dettmar">R-J Dettmar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Diepen, G" sort="Van Diepen, G" uniqKey="Van Diepen G" first="G" last="Van Diepen">G. Van Diepen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duscha, S" sort="Duscha, S" uniqKey="Duscha S" first="S" last="Duscha">S. Duscha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eisloffel, J" sort="Eisloffel, J" uniqKey="Eisloffel J" first="J" last="Eislöffel">J. Eislöffel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engels, D" sort="Engels, D" uniqKey="Engels D" first="D" last="Engels">D. Engels</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="zip">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>D-21029 Hamburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enriquez, J E" sort="Enriquez, J E" uniqKey="Enriquez J" first="J E" last="Enriquez">J E Enriquez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fallows, R A" sort="Fallows, R A" uniqKey="Fallows R" first="R A" last="Fallows">R A Fallows</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fender, R" sort="Fender, R" uniqKey="Fender R" first="R" last="Fender">R. Fender</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrari, C" sort="Ferrari, C" uniqKey="Ferrari C" first="C" last="Ferrari">C. Ferrari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Boulevard de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Boulevard de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06304 Nice Cedex 4</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06304 Nice Cedex 4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frieswijk, W" sort="Frieswijk, W" uniqKey="Frieswijk W" first="W" last="Frieswijk">W. Frieswijk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garrett, M A" sort="Garrett, M A" uniqKey="Garrett M" first="M A" last="Garrett">M A Garrett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grie Meier, J M" sort="Grie Meier, J M" uniqKey="Grie Meier J" first="J M" last="Grie Meier">J M Grie Meier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LPC2E - Universite d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LPC2E - Universite d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gunst, A W" sort="Gunst, A W" uniqKey="Gunst A" first="A W" last="Gunst">A W Gunst</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Haarlem, M P" sort="Van Haarlem, M P" uniqKey="Van Haarlem M" first="M P" last="Van Haarlem">M P Van Haarlem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassall, T E" sort="Hassall, T E" uniqKey="Hassall T" first="T E" last="Hassall">T E Hassall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heald, G" sort="Heald, G" uniqKey="Heald G" first="G" last="Heald">G. Heald</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hessels, J W T" sort="Hessels, J W T" uniqKey="Hessels J" first="J W T" last="Hessels">J W T. Hessels</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoeft, M" sort="Hoeft, M" uniqKey="Hoeft M" first="M" last="Hoeft">M. Hoeft</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horneffer, A" sort="Horneffer, A" uniqKey="Horneffer A" first="A" last="Horneffer">A. Horneffer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iacobelli, M" sort="Iacobelli, M" uniqKey="Iacobelli M" first="M" last="Iacobelli">M. Iacobelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Intema, H" sort="Intema, H" uniqKey="Intema H" first="H" last="Intema">H. Intema</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2300 RA Leiden</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juette, E" sort="Juette, E" uniqKey="Juette E" first="E" last="Juette">E. Juette</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karastergiou, A" sort="Karastergiou, A" uniqKey="Karastergiou A" first="A" last="Karastergiou">A. Karastergiou</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kondratiev, V I" sort="Kondratiev, V I" uniqKey="Kondratiev V" first="V I" last="Kondratiev">V I Kondratiev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kramer, M" sort="Kramer, M" uniqKey="Kramer M" first="M" last="Kramer">M. Kramer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuniyoshi, M" sort="Kuniyoshi, M" uniqKey="Kuniyoshi M" first="M" last="Kuniyoshi">M. Kuniyoshi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuper, G" sort="Kuper, G" uniqKey="Kuper G" first="G" last="Kuper">G. Kuper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Leeuwen, J" sort="Van Leeuwen, J" uniqKey="Van Leeuwen J" first="J" last="Van Leeuwen">J. Van Leeuwen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loose, G M" sort="Loose, G M" uniqKey="Loose G" first="G M" last="Loose">G M Loose</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maat, P" sort="Maat, P" uniqKey="Maat P" first="P" last="Maat">P. Maat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mann, G" sort="Mann, G" uniqKey="Mann G" first="G" last="Mann">G. Mann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Markoff, S" sort="Markoff, S" uniqKey="Markoff S" first="S" last="Markoff">S. Markoff</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region>Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcfadden, R" sort="Mcfadden, R" uniqKey="Mcfadden R" first="R" last="Mcfadden">R. Mcfadden</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckay Bukowski, D" sort="Mckay Bukowski, D" uniqKey="Mckay Bukowski D" first="D" last="Mckay-Bukowski">D. Mckay-Bukowski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Tähteläntie 62, 99600 Sodankylä, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Tähteläntie 62, 99600 Sodankylä</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>99600 Sodankylä</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckean, J P" sort="Mckean, J P" uniqKey="Mckean J" first="J P" last="Mckean">J P Mckean</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mevius, M" sort="Mevius, M" uniqKey="Mevius M" first="M" last="Mevius">M. Mevius</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mulcahy, D D" sort="Mulcahy, D D" uniqKey="Mulcahy D" first="D D" last="Mulcahy">D D Mulcahy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munk, H" sort="Munk, H" uniqKey="Munk H" first="H" last="Munk">H. Munk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Norden, M J" sort="Norden, M J" uniqKey="Norden M" first="M J" last="Norden">M J Norden</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orru, E" sort="Orru, E" uniqKey="Orru E" first="E" last="Orru">E. Orru</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paas, H" sort="Paas, H" uniqKey="Paas H" first="H" last="Paas">H. Paas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Information Technology (CIT), University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Information Technology (CIT), University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pandey Pommier, M" sort="Pandey Pommier, M" uniqKey="Pandey Pommier M" first="M" last="Pandey-Pommier">M. Pandey-Pommier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, Observatoire de Lyon, 9 avenue Charles André, 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, Observatoire de Lyon, 9 avenue Charles André, 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pandey, V N" sort="Pandey, V N" uniqKey="Pandey V" first="V N" last="Pandey">V N Pandey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pietka, M" sort="Pietka, M" uniqKey="Pietka M" first="M" last="Pietka">M. Pietka</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pizzo, R" sort="Pizzo, R" uniqKey="Pizzo R" first="R" last="Pizzo">R. Pizzo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polatidis, A G" sort="Polatidis, A G" uniqKey="Polatidis A" first="A G" last="Polatidis">A G Polatidis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, W" sort="Reich, W" uniqKey="Reich W" first="W" last="Reich">W. Reich</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rottgering, H J A" sort="Rottgering, H J A" uniqKey="Rottgering H" first="H J A" last="Röttgering">H J A. Röttgering</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2300 RA Leiden</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scaife, A M M" sort="Scaife, A M M" uniqKey="Scaife A" first="A M M" last="Scaife">A M M. Scaife</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, D J" sort="Schwarz, D J" uniqKey="Schwarz D" first="D J" last="Schwarz">D J Schwarz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Serylak, M" sort="Serylak, M" uniqKey="Serylak M" first="M" last="Serylak">M. Serylak</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sluman, J" sort="Sluman, J" uniqKey="Sluman J" first="J" last="Sluman">J. Sluman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smirnov, O" sort="Smirnov, O" uniqKey="Smirnov O" first="O" last="Smirnov">O. Smirnov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Square Kilometre Array (SKA) South Africa, 3rd Floor, The Park, Park Road, Pinelands 7405, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Square Kilometre Array (SKA) South Africa, 3rd Floor, The Park, Park Road, Pinelands 7405</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pinelands 7405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stappers, B W" sort="Stappers, B W" uniqKey="Stappers B" first="B W" last="Stappers">B W Stappers</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Manchester</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region nuts="2" type="region">Grand Manchester</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinmetz, M" sort="Steinmetz, M" uniqKey="Steinmetz M" first="M" last="Steinmetz">M. Steinmetz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, A" sort="Stewart, A" uniqKey="Stewart A" first="A" last="Stewart">A. Stewart</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swinbank, J" sort="Swinbank, J" uniqKey="Swinbank J" first="J" last="Swinbank">J. Swinbank</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region>Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tagger, M" sort="Tagger, M" uniqKey="Tagger M" first="M" last="Tagger">M. Tagger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LPC2E - Universite d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LPC2E - Universite d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Y" sort="Tang, Y" uniqKey="Tang Y" first="Y" last="Tang">Y. Tang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tasse, C" sort="Tasse, C" uniqKey="Tasse C" first="C" last="Tasse">C. Tasse</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Grahamstown 6140</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toribio, M C" sort="Toribio, M C" uniqKey="Toribio M" first="M C" last="Toribio">M C Toribio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, R" sort="Vermeulen, R" uniqKey="Vermeulen R" first="R" last="Vermeulen">R. Vermeulen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vocks, C" sort="Vocks, C" uniqKey="Vocks C" first="C" last="Vocks">C. Vocks</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vogt, C" sort="Vogt, C" uniqKey="Vogt C" first="C" last="Vogt">C. Vogt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Weeren, R J" sort="Van Weeren, R J" uniqKey="Van Weeren R" first="R J" last="Van Weeren">R J Van Weeren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02138</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wijers, R A M J" sort="Wijers, R A M J" uniqKey="Wijers R" first="R A M J" last="Wijers">R A M J. Wijers</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region>Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wijnholds, S J" sort="Wijnholds, S J" uniqKey="Wijnholds S" first="S J" last="Wijnholds">S J Wijnholds</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wise, M W" sort="Wise, M W" uniqKey="Wise M" first="M W" last="Wise">M W Wise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wucknitz, O" sort="Wucknitz, O" uniqKey="Wucknitz O" first="O" last="Wucknitz">O. Wucknitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yatawatta, S" sort="Yatawatta, S" uniqKey="Yatawatta S" first="S" last="Yatawatta">S. Yatawatta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zarka, P" sort="Zarka, P" uniqKey="Zarka P" first="P" last="Zarka">P. Zarka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>92190 Meudon</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>92190 Meudon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zensus, J A" sort="Zensus, J A" uniqKey="Zensus J" first="J A" last="Zensus">J A Zensus</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26935696</idno><idno type="pmid">26935696</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nature16976</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002187</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002187</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002161</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002161</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002161</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002161</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003217</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolts from radio observations.</title><author><name sortKey="Buitink, S" sort="Buitink, S" uniqKey="Buitink S" first="S" last="Buitink">S. Buitink</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corstanje, A" sort="Corstanje, A" uniqKey="Corstanje A" first="A" last="Corstanje">A. Corstanje</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Falcke, H" sort="Falcke, H" uniqKey="Falcke H" first="H" last="Falcke">H. Falcke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horandel, J R" sort="Horandel, J R" uniqKey="Horandel J" first="J R" last="Hörandel">J R Hörandel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huege, T" sort="Huege, T" uniqKey="Huege T" first="T" last="Huege">T. Huege</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region><settlement type="city">Karlsruhe</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nelles, A" sort="Nelles, A" uniqKey="Nelles A" first="A" last="Nelles">A. Nelles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rachen, J P" sort="Rachen, J P" uniqKey="Rachen J" first="J P" last="Rachen">J P Rachen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rossetto, L" sort="Rossetto, L" uniqKey="Rossetto L" first="L" last="Rossetto">L. Rossetto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schellart, P" sort="Schellart, P" uniqKey="Schellart P" first="P" last="Schellart">P. Schellart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scholten, O" sort="Scholten, O" uniqKey="Scholten O" first="O" last="Scholten">O. Scholten</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, 9747 AA Groningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ter Veen, S" sort="Ter Veen, S" uniqKey="Ter Veen S" first="S" last="Ter Veen">S. Ter Veen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thoudam, S" sort="Thoudam, S" uniqKey="Thoudam S" first="S" last="Thoudam">S. Thoudam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6500 GL Nijmegen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trinh, T N G" sort="Trinh, T N G" uniqKey="Trinh T" first="T N G" last="Trinh">T N G. Trinh</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, 9747 AA Groningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, J" sort="Anderson, J" uniqKey="Anderson J" first="J" last="Anderson">J. Anderson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Department 1, Geodesy and Remote Sensing, Telegrafenberg A17, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Department 1, Geodesy and Remote Sensing, Telegrafenberg A17, 14473 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Brandebourg</region><settlement type="city">Potsdam</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asgekar, A" sort="Asgekar, A" uniqKey="Asgekar A" first="A" last="Asgekar">A. Asgekar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Avruch, I M" sort="Avruch, I M" uniqKey="Avruch I" first="I M" last="Avruch">I M Avruch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>9700 AV Groningen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bell, M E" sort="Bell, M E" uniqKey="Bell M" first="M E" last="Bell">M E Bell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New South Wales 1710</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bentum, M J" sort="Bentum, M J" uniqKey="Bentum M" first="M J" last="Bentum">M J Bentum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bernardi, G" sort="Bernardi, G" uniqKey="Bernardi G" first="G" last="Bernardi">G. Bernardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02138</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Best, P" sort="Best, P" uniqKey="Best P" first="P" last="Best">P. Best</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonafede, A" sort="Bonafede, A" uniqKey="Bonafede A" first="A" last="Bonafede">A. Bonafede</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21029 Hamburg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breitling, F" sort="Breitling, F" uniqKey="Breitling F" first="F" last="Breitling">F. Breitling</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Broderick, J W" sort="Broderick, J W" uniqKey="Broderick J" first="J W" last="Broderick">J W Broderick</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brouw, W N" sort="Brouw, W N" uniqKey="Brouw W" first="W N" last="Brouw">W N Brouw</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruggen, M" sort="Bruggen, M" uniqKey="Bruggen M" first="M" last="Brüggen">M. Brüggen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21029 Hamburg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Butcher, H R" sort="Butcher, H R" uniqKey="Butcher H" first="H R" last="Butcher">H R Butcher</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2611, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Australian Capital Territory 2611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carbone, D" sort="Carbone, D" uniqKey="Carbone D" first="D" last="Carbone">D. Carbone</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region>Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ciardi, B" sort="Ciardi, B" uniqKey="Ciardi B" first="B" last="Ciardi">B. Ciardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 1, 85741 Garching, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 1, 85741 Garching</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>85741 Garching</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85741 Garching</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85741 Garching</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conway, J E" sort="Conway, J E" uniqKey="Conway J" first="J E" last="Conway">J E Conway</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Onsala Space Observatory, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Onsala Space Observatory, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-43992 Onsala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SE-43992 Onsala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Gasperin, F" sort="De Gasperin, F" uniqKey="De Gasperin F" first="F" last="De Gasperin">F. De Gasperin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21029 Hamburg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Hambourg</settlement><region type="land" nuts="2">Hambourg</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Geus, E" sort="De Geus, E" uniqKey="De Geus E" first="E" last="De Geus">E. De Geus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deller, A" sort="Deller, A" uniqKey="Deller A" first="A" last="Deller">A. Deller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dettmar, R J" sort="Dettmar, R J" uniqKey="Dettmar R" first="R-J" last="Dettmar">R-J Dettmar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Diepen, G" sort="Van Diepen, G" uniqKey="Van Diepen G" first="G" last="Van Diepen">G. Van Diepen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duscha, S" sort="Duscha, S" uniqKey="Duscha S" first="S" last="Duscha">S. Duscha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eisloffel, J" sort="Eisloffel, J" uniqKey="Eisloffel J" first="J" last="Eislöffel">J. Eislöffel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engels, D" sort="Engels, D" uniqKey="Engels D" first="D" last="Engels">D. Engels</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="zip">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>D-21029 Hamburg</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enriquez, J E" sort="Enriquez, J E" uniqKey="Enriquez J" first="J E" last="Enriquez">J E Enriquez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fallows, R A" sort="Fallows, R A" uniqKey="Fallows R" first="R A" last="Fallows">R A Fallows</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fender, R" sort="Fender, R" uniqKey="Fender R" first="R" last="Fender">R. Fender</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrari, C" sort="Ferrari, C" uniqKey="Ferrari C" first="C" last="Ferrari">C. Ferrari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Boulevard de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Boulevard de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06304 Nice Cedex 4</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06304 Nice Cedex 4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frieswijk, W" sort="Frieswijk, W" uniqKey="Frieswijk W" first="W" last="Frieswijk">W. Frieswijk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garrett, M A" sort="Garrett, M A" uniqKey="Garrett M" first="M A" last="Garrett">M A Garrett</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grie Meier, J M" sort="Grie Meier, J M" uniqKey="Grie Meier J" first="J M" last="Grie Meier">J M Grie Meier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LPC2E - Universite d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LPC2E - Universite d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gunst, A W" sort="Gunst, A W" uniqKey="Gunst A" first="A W" last="Gunst">A W Gunst</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Haarlem, M P" sort="Van Haarlem, M P" uniqKey="Van Haarlem M" first="M P" last="Van Haarlem">M P Van Haarlem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassall, T E" sort="Hassall, T E" uniqKey="Hassall T" first="T E" last="Hassall">T E Hassall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heald, G" sort="Heald, G" uniqKey="Heald G" first="G" last="Heald">G. Heald</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hessels, J W T" sort="Hessels, J W T" uniqKey="Hessels J" first="J W T" last="Hessels">J W T. Hessels</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoeft, M" sort="Hoeft, M" uniqKey="Hoeft M" first="M" last="Hoeft">M. Hoeft</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-07778 Tautenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horneffer, A" sort="Horneffer, A" uniqKey="Horneffer A" first="A" last="Horneffer">A. Horneffer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iacobelli, M" sort="Iacobelli, M" uniqKey="Iacobelli M" first="M" last="Iacobelli">M. Iacobelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Intema, H" sort="Intema, H" uniqKey="Intema H" first="H" last="Intema">H. Intema</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2300 RA Leiden</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juette, E" sort="Juette, E" uniqKey="Juette E" first="E" last="Juette">E. Juette</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>44780 Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karastergiou, A" sort="Karastergiou, A" uniqKey="Karastergiou A" first="A" last="Karastergiou">A. Karastergiou</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kondratiev, V I" sort="Kondratiev, V I" uniqKey="Kondratiev V" first="V I" last="Kondratiev">V I Kondratiev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kramer, M" sort="Kramer, M" uniqKey="Kramer M" first="M" last="Kramer">M. Kramer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuniyoshi, M" sort="Kuniyoshi, M" uniqKey="Kuniyoshi M" first="M" last="Kuniyoshi">M. Kuniyoshi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuper, G" sort="Kuper, G" uniqKey="Kuper G" first="G" last="Kuper">G. Kuper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Leeuwen, J" sort="Van Leeuwen, J" uniqKey="Van Leeuwen J" first="J" last="Van Leeuwen">J. Van Leeuwen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loose, G M" sort="Loose, G M" uniqKey="Loose G" first="G M" last="Loose">G M Loose</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maat, P" sort="Maat, P" uniqKey="Maat P" first="P" last="Maat">P. Maat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mann, G" sort="Mann, G" uniqKey="Mann G" first="G" last="Mann">G. Mann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Markoff, S" sort="Markoff, S" uniqKey="Markoff S" first="S" last="Markoff">S. Markoff</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region>Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcfadden, R" sort="Mcfadden, R" uniqKey="Mcfadden R" first="R" last="Mcfadden">R. Mcfadden</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckay Bukowski, D" sort="Mckay Bukowski, D" uniqKey="Mckay Bukowski D" first="D" last="Mckay-Bukowski">D. Mckay-Bukowski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Tähteläntie 62, 99600 Sodankylä, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Tähteläntie 62, 99600 Sodankylä</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>99600 Sodankylä</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckean, J P" sort="Mckean, J P" uniqKey="Mckean J" first="J P" last="Mckean">J P Mckean</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mevius, M" sort="Mevius, M" uniqKey="Mevius M" first="M" last="Mevius">M. Mevius</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mulcahy, D D" sort="Mulcahy, D D" uniqKey="Mulcahy D" first="D D" last="Mulcahy">D D Mulcahy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munk, H" sort="Munk, H" uniqKey="Munk H" first="H" last="Munk">H. Munk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Norden, M J" sort="Norden, M J" uniqKey="Norden M" first="M J" last="Norden">M J Norden</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orru, E" sort="Orru, E" uniqKey="Orru E" first="E" last="Orru">E. Orru</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paas, H" sort="Paas, H" uniqKey="Paas H" first="H" last="Paas">H. Paas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Information Technology (CIT), University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Information Technology (CIT), University of Groningen, PO Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pandey Pommier, M" sort="Pandey Pommier, M" uniqKey="Pandey Pommier M" first="M" last="Pandey-Pommier">M. Pandey-Pommier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, Observatoire de Lyon, 9 avenue Charles André, 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, Observatoire de Lyon, 9 avenue Charles André, 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pandey, V N" sort="Pandey, V N" uniqKey="Pandey V" first="V N" last="Pandey">V N Pandey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pietka, M" sort="Pietka, M" uniqKey="Pietka M" first="M" last="Pietka">M. Pietka</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pizzo, R" sort="Pizzo, R" uniqKey="Pizzo R" first="R" last="Pizzo">R. Pizzo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polatidis, A G" sort="Polatidis, A G" uniqKey="Polatidis A" first="A G" last="Polatidis">A G Polatidis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, W" sort="Reich, W" uniqKey="Reich W" first="W" last="Reich">W. Reich</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rottgering, H J A" sort="Rottgering, H J A" uniqKey="Rottgering H" first="H J A" last="Röttgering">H J A. Röttgering</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2300 RA Leiden</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scaife, A M M" sort="Scaife, A M M" uniqKey="Scaife A" first="A M M" last="Scaife">A M M. Scaife</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton SO17 1BJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, D J" sort="Schwarz, D J" uniqKey="Schwarz D" first="D J" last="Schwarz">D J Schwarz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Serylak, M" sort="Serylak, M" uniqKey="Serylak M" first="M" last="Serylak">M. Serylak</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sluman, J" sort="Sluman, J" uniqKey="Sluman J" first="J" last="Sluman">J. Sluman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smirnov, O" sort="Smirnov, O" uniqKey="Smirnov O" first="O" last="Smirnov">O. Smirnov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Square Kilometre Array (SKA) South Africa, 3rd Floor, The Park, Park Road, Pinelands 7405, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Square Kilometre Array (SKA) South Africa, 3rd Floor, The Park, Park Road, Pinelands 7405</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pinelands 7405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stappers, B W" sort="Stappers, B W" uniqKey="Stappers B" first="B W" last="Stappers">B W Stappers</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Manchester</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region nuts="2" type="region">Grand Manchester</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steinmetz, M" sort="Steinmetz, M" uniqKey="Steinmetz M" first="M" last="Steinmetz">M. Steinmetz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, A" sort="Stewart, A" uniqKey="Stewart A" first="A" last="Stewart">A. Stewart</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swinbank, J" sort="Swinbank, J" uniqKey="Swinbank J" first="J" last="Swinbank">J. Swinbank</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region>Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tagger, M" sort="Tagger, M" uniqKey="Tagger M" first="M" last="Tagger">M. Tagger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LPC2E - Universite d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LPC2E - Universite d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>45071 Orleans Cedex 2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Y" sort="Tang, Y" uniqKey="Tang Y" first="Y" last="Tang">Y. Tang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tasse, C" sort="Tasse, C" uniqKey="Tasse C" first="C" last="Tasse">C. Tasse</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Grahamstown 6140</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toribio, M C" sort="Toribio, M C" uniqKey="Toribio M" first="M C" last="Toribio">M C Toribio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeulen, R" sort="Vermeulen, R" uniqKey="Vermeulen R" first="R" last="Vermeulen">R. Vermeulen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vocks, C" sort="Vocks, C" uniqKey="Vocks C" first="C" last="Vocks">C. Vocks</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>14482 Potsdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vogt, C" sort="Vogt, C" uniqKey="Vogt C" first="C" last="Vogt">C. Vogt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Weeren, R J" sort="Van Weeren, R J" uniqKey="Van Weeren R" first="R J" last="Van Weeren">R J Van Weeren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02138</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wijers, R A M J" sort="Wijers, R A M J" uniqKey="Wijers R" first="R A M J" last="Wijers">R A M J. Wijers</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region>Hollande-Septentrionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wijnholds, S J" sort="Wijnholds, S J" uniqKey="Wijnholds S" first="S J" last="Wijnholds">S J Wijnholds</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wise, M W" sort="Wise, M W" uniqKey="Wise M" first="M W" last="Wise">M W Wise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wucknitz, O" sort="Wucknitz, O" uniqKey="Wucknitz O" first="O" last="Wucknitz">O. Wucknitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yatawatta, S" sort="Yatawatta, S" uniqKey="Yatawatta S" first="S" last="Yatawatta">S. Yatawatta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7990 AA Dwingeloo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zarka, P" sort="Zarka, P" uniqKey="Zarka P" first="P" last="Zarka">P. Zarka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>92190 Meudon</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>92190 Meudon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zensus, J A" sort="Zensus, J A" uniqKey="Zensus J" first="J A" last="Zensus">J A Zensus</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Cosmic rays are the highest-energy particles found in nature. Measurements of the mass composition of cosmic rays with energies of 10(17)-10(18) electronvolts are essential to understanding whether they have galactic or extragalactic sources. It has also been proposed that the astrophysical neutrino signal comes from accelerators capable of producing cosmic rays of these energies. Cosmic rays initiate air showers--cascades of secondary particles in the atmosphere-and their masses can be inferred from measurements of the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum (Xmax; the depth of the air shower when it contains the most particles) or of the composition of shower particles reaching the ground. Current measurements have either high uncertainty, or a low duty cycle and a high energy threshold. Radio detection of cosmic rays is a rapidly developing technique for determining Xmax (refs 10, 11) with a duty cycle of, in principle, nearly 100 per cent. The radiation is generated by the separation of relativistic electrons and positrons in the geomagnetic field and a negative charge excess in the shower front. Here we report radio measurements of Xmax with a mean uncertainty of 16 grams per square centimetre for air showers initiated by cosmic rays with energies of 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolts. This high resolution in Xmax enables us to determine the mass spectrum of the cosmic rays: we find a mixed composition, with a light-mass fraction (protons and helium nuclei) of about 80 per cent. Unless, contrary to current expectations, the extragalactic component of cosmic rays contributes substantially to the total flux below 10(17.5) electronvolts, our measurements indicate the existence of an additional galactic component, to account for the light composition that we measured in the 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolt range.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26935696</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>03</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1476-4687</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>531</Volume><Issue>7592</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Mar</Month><Day>03</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Nature</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Nature</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolts from radio observations.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>70-3</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/nature16976</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Cosmic rays are the highest-energy particles found in nature. Measurements of the mass composition of cosmic rays with energies of 10(17)-10(18) electronvolts are essential to understanding whether they have galactic or extragalactic sources. It has also been proposed that the astrophysical neutrino signal comes from accelerators capable of producing cosmic rays of these energies. Cosmic rays initiate air showers--cascades of secondary particles in the atmosphere-and their masses can be inferred from measurements of the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum (Xmax; the depth of the air shower when it contains the most particles) or of the composition of shower particles reaching the ground. Current measurements have either high uncertainty, or a low duty cycle and a high energy threshold. Radio detection of cosmic rays is a rapidly developing technique for determining Xmax (refs 10, 11) with a duty cycle of, in principle, nearly 100 per cent. The radiation is generated by the separation of relativistic electrons and positrons in the geomagnetic field and a negative charge excess in the shower front. Here we report radio measurements of Xmax with a mean uncertainty of 16 grams per square centimetre for air showers initiated by cosmic rays with energies of 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolts. This high resolution in Xmax enables us to determine the mass spectrum of the cosmic rays: we find a mixed composition, with a light-mass fraction (protons and helium nuclei) of about 80 per cent. Unless, contrary to current expectations, the extragalactic component of cosmic rays contributes substantially to the total flux below 10(17.5) electronvolts, our measurements indicate the existence of an additional galactic component, to account for the light composition that we measured in the 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolt range.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Buitink</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Corstanje</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Falcke</LastName><ForeName>H</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nikhef, Science Park Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hörandel</LastName><ForeName>J R</ForeName><Initials>JR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nikhef, Science Park Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huege</LastName><ForeName>T</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nelles</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rachen</LastName><ForeName>J P</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rossetto</LastName><ForeName>L</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schellart</LastName><ForeName>P</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scholten</LastName><ForeName>O</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>ter Veen</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thoudam</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Trinh</LastName><ForeName>T N G</ForeName><Initials>TN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Anderson</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Department 1, Geodesy and Remote Sensing, Telegrafenberg A17, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Asgekar</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shell Technology Center, 560 048 Bangalore, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Avruch</LastName><ForeName>I M</ForeName><Initials>IM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bell</LastName><ForeName>M E</ForeName><Initials>ME</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bentum</LastName><ForeName>M J</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bernardi</LastName><ForeName>G</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Square Kilometre Array (SKA) South Africa, 3rd Floor, The Park, Park Road, Pinelands 7405, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Best</LastName><ForeName>P</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bonafede</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Breitling</LastName><ForeName>F</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Broderick</LastName><ForeName>J W</ForeName><Initials>JW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brouw</LastName><ForeName>W N</ForeName><Initials>WN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brüggen</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Butcher</LastName><ForeName>H R</ForeName><Initials>HR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2611, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carbone</LastName><ForeName>D</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ciardi</LastName><ForeName>B</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 1, 85741 Garching, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Conway</LastName><ForeName>J E</ForeName><Initials>JE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Onsala Space Observatory, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Gasperin</LastName><ForeName>F</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Geus</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>SmarterVision BV, Oostersingel 5, 9401 JX Assen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Deller</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dettmar</LastName><ForeName>R-J</ForeName><Initials>RJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van Diepen</LastName><ForeName>G</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Duscha</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eislöffel</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Engels</LastName><ForeName>D</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Enriquez</LastName><ForeName>J E</ForeName><Initials>JE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fallows</LastName><ForeName>R A</ForeName><Initials>RA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fender</LastName><ForeName>R</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ferrari</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Boulevard de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Frieswijk</LastName><ForeName>W</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Garrett</LastName><ForeName>M A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Grießmeier</LastName><ForeName>J M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>LPC2E - Universite d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay, Observatoire de Paris - CNRS/INSU, USR 704 - Université Orleans, OSUC, route de Souesmes, 18330 Nançay, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gunst</LastName><ForeName>A W</ForeName><Initials>AW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van Haarlem</LastName><ForeName>M P</ForeName><Initials>MP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hassall</LastName><ForeName>T E</ForeName><Initials>TE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heald</LastName><ForeName>G</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hessels</LastName><ForeName>J W T</ForeName><Initials>JW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoeft</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Horneffer</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Iacobelli</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Intema</LastName><ForeName>H</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 1003 Lopezville Road, Socorro, New Mexico 87801-0387, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Juette</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karastergiou</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kondratiev</LastName><ForeName>V 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ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mevius</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mulcahy</LastName><ForeName>D D</ForeName><Initials>DD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Munk</LastName><ForeName>H</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Norden</LastName><ForeName>M 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Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reich</LastName><ForeName>W</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Röttgering</LastName><ForeName>H J A</ForeName><Initials>HJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scaife</LastName><ForeName>A M M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schwarz</LastName><ForeName>D J</ForeName><Initials>DJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Serylak</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sluman</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smirnov</LastName><ForeName>O</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Square Kilometre Array (SKA) South Africa, 3rd Floor, The Park, Park Road, Pinelands 7405, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stappers</LastName><ForeName>B W</ForeName><Initials>BW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Steinmetz</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stewart</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Swinbank</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tagger</LastName><ForeName>M</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>LPC2E - Universite d'Orleans/CNRS, 45071 Orleans Cedex 2, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tang</LastName><ForeName>Y</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tasse</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Toribio</LastName><ForeName>M C</ForeName><Initials>MC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vermeulen</LastName><ForeName>R</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vocks</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vogt</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van Weeren</LastName><ForeName>R J</ForeName><Initials>RJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wijers</LastName><ForeName>R A M J</ForeName><Initials>RA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wijnholds</LastName><ForeName>S J</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wise</LastName><ForeName>M W</ForeName><Initials>MW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author 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Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Nature</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0410462</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0028-0836</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Nature. 2016 Mar 3;531(7592):43-4</RefSource><PMID Version="1">26935694</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Phys Rev Lett. 2010 Aug 27;105(9):091101</RefSource><PMID Version="1">20868150</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Phys Rev Lett. 2015 Apr 24;114(16):165001</RefSource><PMID Version="1">25955053</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Phys Rev Lett. 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PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2015</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>29</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26935696</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">nature16976</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/nature16976</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du 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Serylak</name><name sortKey="Stappers, B W" sort="Stappers, B W" uniqKey="Stappers B" first="B W" last="Stappers">B W Stappers</name><name sortKey="Stewart, A" sort="Stewart, A" uniqKey="Stewart A" first="A" last="Stewart">A. Stewart</name></country><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Conway, J E" sort="Conway, J E" uniqKey="Conway J" first="J E" last="Conway">J E Conway</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ferrari, C" sort="Ferrari, C" uniqKey="Ferrari C" first="C" last="Ferrari">C. Ferrari</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Grie Meier, J M" sort="Grie Meier, J M" uniqKey="Grie Meier J" first="J M" last="Grie Meier">J M Grie Meier</name><name sortKey="Pandey Pommier, M" sort="Pandey Pommier, M" uniqKey="Pandey Pommier M" first="M" last="Pandey-Pommier">M. Pandey-Pommier</name><name sortKey="Tagger, M" sort="Tagger, M" uniqKey="Tagger M" first="M" last="Tagger">M. Tagger</name><name sortKey="Zarka, P" sort="Zarka, P" uniqKey="Zarka P" first="P" last="Zarka">P. Zarka</name></country><country name="Japon"><region name="Région de Kantō"><name sortKey="Kuniyoshi, M" sort="Kuniyoshi, M" uniqKey="Kuniyoshi M" first="M" last="Kuniyoshi">M. Kuniyoshi</name></region></country><country name="Finlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mckay Bukowski, D" sort="Mckay Bukowski, D" uniqKey="Mckay Bukowski D" first="D" last="Mckay-Bukowski">D. Mckay-Bukowski</name></noRegion></country><country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Smirnov, O" sort="Smirnov, O" uniqKey="Smirnov O" first="O" last="Smirnov">O. Smirnov</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Tasse, C" sort="Tasse, C" uniqKey="Tasse C" first="C" last="Tasse">C. Tasse</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvolts from radio observations.
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