Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton
Identifieur interne : 002E82 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 002E81; suivant : 002E83Five Years of Experimental Warming Increases the Biodiversity and Productivity of Phytoplankton
Auteurs : Gabriel Yvon-Durocher [Royaume-Uni] ; Andrew P. Allen [Australie] ; Maria Cellamare [France] ; Matteo Dossena [Royaume-Uni] ; Kevin J. Gaston [Royaume-Uni] ; Maria Leitao [France] ; José M. Montoya [France, Espagne] ; Daniel C. Reuman [États-Unis] ; Guy Woodward [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark Trimmer [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PLoS Biology [ 1544-9173 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Angleterre, Animaux, Aquaculture, Biodiversité, Changement climatique, Loi de Poisson, Modèles biologiques, Phytoplancton (croissance et développement), Phytoplancton (isolement et purification), Régulation positive, Saisons, Température élevée (effets indésirables), Zooplancton (croissance et développement), Zooplancton (isolement et purification).
- MESH :
- croissance et développement : Phytoplancton, Zooplancton.
- effets indésirables : Température élevée.
- isolement et purification : Phytoplancton, Zooplancton.
- Angleterre, Animaux, Aquaculture, Biodiversité, Changement climatique, Loi de Poisson, Modèles biologiques, Régulation positive, Saisons.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Aquaculture, Biodiversity, Climate Change, England, Hot Temperature (adverse effects), Models, Biological, Phytoplankton (growth & development), Phytoplankton (isolation & purification), Poisson Distribution, Seasons, Up-Regulation, Zooplankton (growth & development), Zooplankton (isolation & purification).
- MESH :
- geographic : England.
- adverse effects : Hot Temperature.
- growth & development : Phytoplankton, Zooplankton.
- isolation & purification : Phytoplankton, Zooplankton.
- Animals, Aquaculture, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Models, Biological, Poisson Distribution, Seasons, Up-Regulation.
Abstract
Phytoplankton are key components of aquatic ecosystems, fixing CO2 from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and supporting secondary production, yet relatively little is known about how future global warming might alter their biodiversity and associated ecosystem functioning. Here, we explore how the structure, function, and biodiversity of a planktonic metacommunity was altered after five years of experimental warming. Our outdoor mesocosm experiment was open to natural dispersal from the regional species pool, allowing us to explore the effects of experimental warming in the context of metacommunity dynamics. Warming of 4°C led to a 67% increase in the species richness of the phytoplankton, more evenly-distributed abundance, and higher rates of gross primary productivity. Warming elevated productivity indirectly, by increasing the biodiversity and biomass of the local phytoplankton communities. Warming also systematically shifted the taxonomic and functional trait composition of the phytoplankton, favoring large, colonial, inedible phytoplankton taxa, suggesting stronger top-down control, mediated by zooplankton grazing played an important role. Overall, our findings suggest that temperature can modulate species coexistence, and through such mechanisms, global warming could, in some cases, increase the species richness and productivity of phytoplankton communities.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002324
PubMed: 26680314
PubMed Central: 4682994
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PMC:4682994Le document en format XML
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<term>Hot Temperature (adverse effects)</term>
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<term>Phytoplancton (isolement et purification)</term>
<term>Régulation positive</term>
<term>Saisons</term>
<term>Température élevée (effets indésirables)</term>
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<term>Zooplankton</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Phytoplancton</term>
<term>Zooplancton</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Aquaculture</term>
<term>Biodiversity</term>
<term>Climate Change</term>
<term>Models, Biological</term>
<term>Poisson Distribution</term>
<term>Seasons</term>
<term>Up-Regulation</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Angleterre</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Aquaculture</term>
<term>Biodiversité</term>
<term>Changement climatique</term>
<term>Loi de Poisson</term>
<term>Modèles biologiques</term>
<term>Régulation positive</term>
<term>Saisons</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Phytoplankton are key components of aquatic ecosystems, fixing CO<sub>2</sub>
from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and supporting secondary production, yet relatively little is known about how future global warming might alter their biodiversity and associated ecosystem functioning. Here, we explore how the structure, function, and biodiversity of a planktonic metacommunity was altered after five years of experimental warming. Our outdoor mesocosm experiment was open to natural dispersal from the regional species pool, allowing us to explore the effects of experimental warming in the context of metacommunity dynamics. Warming of 4°C led to a 67% increase in the species richness of the phytoplankton, more evenly-distributed abundance, and higher rates of gross primary productivity. Warming elevated productivity indirectly, by increasing the biodiversity and biomass of the local phytoplankton communities. Warming also systematically shifted the taxonomic and functional trait composition of the phytoplankton, favoring large, colonial, inedible phytoplankton taxa, suggesting stronger top-down control, mediated by zooplankton grazing played an important role. Overall, our findings suggest that temperature can modulate species coexistence, and through such mechanisms, global warming could, in some cases, increase the species richness and productivity of phytoplankton communities.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Berkshire</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trimmer, Mark" sort="Trimmer, Mark" uniqKey="Trimmer M" first="Mark" last="Trimmer">Mark Trimmer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS Biology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1544-9173</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1545-7885</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Phytoplankton are key components of aquatic ecosystems, fixing CO<sub>2</sub>
from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and supporting secondary production, yet relatively little is known about how future global warming might alter their biodiversity and associated ecosystem functioning. Here, we explore how the structure, function, and biodiversity of a planktonic metacommunity was altered after five years of experimental warming. Our outdoor mesocosm experiment was open to natural dispersal from the regional species pool, allowing us to explore the effects of experimental warming in the context of metacommunity dynamics. Warming of 4°C led to a 67% increase in the species richness of the phytoplankton, more evenly-distributed abundance, and higher rates of gross primary productivity. Warming elevated productivity indirectly, by increasing the biodiversity and biomass of the local phytoplankton communities. Warming also systematically shifted the taxonomic and functional trait composition of the phytoplankton, favoring large, colonial, inedible phytoplankton taxa, suggesting stronger top-down control, mediated by zooplankton grazing played an important role. Overall, our findings suggest that temperature can modulate species coexistence, and through such mechanisms, global warming could, in some cases, increase the species richness and productivity of phytoplankton communities.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Phytoplankton are key components of aquatic ecosystems, fixing CO2 from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and supporting secondary production, yet relatively little is known about how future global warming might alter their biodiversity and associated ecosystem functioning. Here, we explore how the structure, function, and biodiversity of a planktonic metacommunity was altered after five years of experimental warming. Our outdoor mesocosm experiment was open to natural dispersal from the regional species pool, allowing us to explore the effects of experimental warming in the context of metacommunity dynamics. Warming of 4°C led to a 67% increase in the species richness of the phytoplankton, more evenly-distributed abundance, and higher rates of gross primary productivity. Warming elevated productivity indirectly, by increasing the biodiversity and biomass of the local phytoplankton communities. Warming also systematically shifted the taxonomic and functional trait composition of the phytoplankton, favoring large, colonial, inedible phytoplankton taxa, suggesting stronger top-down control, mediated by zooplankton grazing played an important role. Overall, our findings suggest that temperature can modulate species coexistence, and through such mechanisms, global warming could, in some cases, increase the species richness and productivity of phytoplankton communities.</div>
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