Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea
Identifieur interne : 002086 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 002085; suivant : 002087Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea
Auteurs : Marcus Eriksen [États-Unis] ; Laurent C. M. Lebreton [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Henry S. Carson [États-Unis] ; Martin Thiel [Chili] ; Charles J. Moore [États-Unis] ; Jose C. Borerro [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Francois Galgani [France] ; Peter G. Ryan [Afrique du Sud] ; Julia Reisser [Australie]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical : Plastics.
- Hydrodynamics, Linear Models, Models, Theoretical, Oceans and Seas, Water Pollution, Wind.
Abstract
Plastic pollution is ubiquitous throughout the marine environment, yet estimates of the global abundance and weight of floating plastics have lacked data, particularly from the Southern Hemisphere and remote regions. Here we report an estimate of the total number of plastic particles and their weight floating in the world's oceans from 24 expeditions (2007–2013) across all five sub-tropical gyres, costal Australia, Bay of Bengal and the Mediterranean Sea conducting surface net tows (N = 680) and visual survey transects of large plastic debris (N = 891). Using an oceanographic model of floating debris dispersal calibrated by our data, and correcting for wind-driven vertical mixing, we estimate a minimum of 5.25 trillion particles weighing 268,940 tons. When comparing between four size classes, two microplastic <4.75 mm and meso- and macroplastic >4.75 mm, a tremendous loss of microplastics is observed from the sea surface compared to expected rates of fragmentation, suggesting there are mechanisms at play that remove <4.75 mm plastic particles from the ocean surface.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111913
PubMed: 25494041
PubMed Central: 4262196
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000374
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000374
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 001405
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 003215
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 003105
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 003105
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4262196Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea</title><author><name sortKey="Eriksen, Marcus" sort="Eriksen, Marcus" uniqKey="Eriksen M" first="Marcus" last="Eriksen">Marcus Eriksen</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Five Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Five Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lebreton, Laurent C M" sort="Lebreton, Laurent C M" uniqKey="Lebreton L" first="Laurent C. M." last="Lebreton">Laurent C. M. Lebreton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Dumpark Data Science, Wellington, New Zealand</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Dumpark Data Science, Wellington</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carson, Henry S" sort="Carson, Henry S" uniqKey="Carson H" first="Henry S." last="Carson">Henry S. Carson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Hawaï</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, Martin" sort="Thiel, Martin" uniqKey="Thiel M" first="Martin" last="Thiel">Martin Thiel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Charles J" sort="Moore, Charles J" uniqKey="Moore C" first="Charles J." last="Moore">Charles J. Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borerro, Jose C" sort="Borerro, Jose C" uniqKey="Borerro J" first="Jose C." last="Borerro">Jose C. Borerro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>eCoast Limited, Raglan, New Zealand</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>eCoast Limited, Raglan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Raglan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galgani, Francois" sort="Galgani, Francois" uniqKey="Galgani F" first="Francois" last="Galgani">Francois Galgani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Departement Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystemes, Institut français de recherche pour l′exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Bastia, Corsica, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Departement Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystemes, Institut français de recherche pour l′exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Bastia, Corsica</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Corsica</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Corsica</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryan, Peter G" sort="Ryan, Peter G" uniqKey="Ryan P" first="Peter G." last="Ryan">Peter G. Ryan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rondebosch</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reisser, Julia" sort="Reisser, Julia" uniqKey="Reisser J" first="Julia" last="Reisser">Julia Reisser</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><addr-line>School of Environmental Systems Engineering and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environmental Systems Engineering and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25494041</idno><idno type="pmc">4262196</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262196</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4262196</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0111913</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000374</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000374</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000374</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000374</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001405</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001405</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003215</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003215</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">003105</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">003105</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">003105</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">003105</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002086</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea</title><author><name sortKey="Eriksen, Marcus" sort="Eriksen, Marcus" uniqKey="Eriksen M" first="Marcus" last="Eriksen">Marcus Eriksen</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Five Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Five Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lebreton, Laurent C M" sort="Lebreton, Laurent C M" uniqKey="Lebreton L" first="Laurent C. M." last="Lebreton">Laurent C. M. Lebreton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Dumpark Data Science, Wellington, New Zealand</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Dumpark Data Science, Wellington</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carson, Henry S" sort="Carson, Henry S" uniqKey="Carson H" first="Henry S." last="Carson">Henry S. Carson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Hawaï</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, Martin" sort="Thiel, Martin" uniqKey="Thiel M" first="Martin" last="Thiel">Martin Thiel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Charles J" sort="Moore, Charles J" uniqKey="Moore C" first="Charles J." last="Moore">Charles J. Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borerro, Jose C" sort="Borerro, Jose C" uniqKey="Borerro J" first="Jose C." last="Borerro">Jose C. Borerro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>eCoast Limited, Raglan, New Zealand</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>eCoast Limited, Raglan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Raglan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galgani, Francois" sort="Galgani, Francois" uniqKey="Galgani F" first="Francois" last="Galgani">Francois Galgani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Departement Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystemes, Institut français de recherche pour l′exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Bastia, Corsica, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Departement Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystemes, Institut français de recherche pour l′exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Bastia, Corsica</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Corsica</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Corsica</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryan, Peter G" sort="Ryan, Peter G" uniqKey="Ryan P" first="Peter G." last="Ryan">Peter G. Ryan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rondebosch</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reisser, Julia" sort="Reisser, Julia" uniqKey="Reisser J" first="Julia" last="Reisser">Julia Reisser</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><addr-line>School of Environmental Systems Engineering and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environmental Systems Engineering and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Hydrodynamics</term><term>Linear Models</term><term>Models, Theoretical</term><term>Oceans and Seas</term><term>Plastics</term><term>Water Pollution</term><term>Wind</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hydrodynamique</term><term>Matières plastiques</term><term>Modèles linéaires</term><term>Modèles théoriques</term><term>Océans et mers</term><term>Pollution de l'eau</term><term>Vent</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Plastics</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Hydrodynamics</term><term>Linear Models</term><term>Models, Theoretical</term><term>Oceans and Seas</term><term>Water Pollution</term><term>Wind</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hydrodynamique</term><term>Matières plastiques</term><term>Modèles linéaires</term><term>Modèles théoriques</term><term>Océans et mers</term><term>Pollution de l'eau</term><term>Vent</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Plastic pollution is ubiquitous throughout the marine environment, yet estimates of the global abundance and weight of floating plastics have lacked data, particularly from the Southern Hemisphere and remote regions. Here we report an estimate of the total number of plastic particles and their weight floating in the world's oceans from 24 expeditions (2007–2013) across all five sub-tropical gyres, costal Australia, Bay of Bengal and the Mediterranean Sea conducting surface net tows (N = 680) and visual survey transects of large plastic debris (N = 891). Using an oceanographic model of floating debris dispersal calibrated by our data, and correcting for wind-driven vertical mixing, we estimate a minimum of 5.25 trillion particles weighing 268,940 tons. When comparing between four size classes, two microplastic <4.75 mm and meso- and macroplastic >4.75 mm, a tremendous loss of microplastics is observed from the sea surface compared to expected rates of fragmentation, suggesting there are mechanisms at play that remove <4.75 mm plastic particles from the ocean surface.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Teuten, E" uniqKey="Teuten E">E Teuten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rowland, S" uniqKey="Rowland S">S Rowland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galloway, T" uniqKey="Galloway T">T Galloway</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mato, Y" uniqKey="Mato Y">Y Mato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Isobe, T" uniqKey="Isobe T">T Isobe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takada, H" uniqKey="Takada H">H Takada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kanehiro, H" uniqKey="Kanehiro H">H Kanehiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ohtake, C" uniqKey="Ohtake C">C Ohtake</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rochman, C" uniqKey="Rochman C">C Rochman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Browne, M" uniqKey="Browne M">M Browne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halpern, B" uniqKey="Halpern B">B Halpern</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hentschel, B" uniqKey="Hentschel B">B Hentschel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoh, E" uniqKey="Hoh E">E Hoh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barnes, D" uniqKey="Barnes D">D Barnes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galgani, F" uniqKey="Galgani F">F Galgani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barlaz, M" uniqKey="Barlaz M">M Barlaz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barnes, D" uniqKey="Barnes D">D Barnes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walters, A" uniqKey="Walters A">A Walters</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goncalves, L" uniqKey="Goncalves L">L Goncalves</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Law, K" uniqKey="Law K">K Law</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moret Ferguson, S" uniqKey="Moret Ferguson S">S Moret-Ferguson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maximenko, N" uniqKey="Maximenko N">N Maximenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Proskurowski, G" uniqKey="Proskurowski G">G Proskurowski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peacock, E" uniqKey="Peacock E">E Peacock</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eriksen, M" uniqKey="Eriksen M">M Eriksen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maximenko, N" uniqKey="Maximenko N">N Maximenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, M" uniqKey="Thiel M">M Thiel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cummins, A" uniqKey="Cummins A">A Cummins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lattin, G" uniqKey="Lattin G">G Lattin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goldstein, M" uniqKey="Goldstein M">M Goldstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Titmus, A" uniqKey="Titmus A">A Titmus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ford, M" uniqKey="Ford M">M Ford</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reisser, J" uniqKey="Reisser J">J Reisser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shaw, J" uniqKey="Shaw J">J Shaw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilcox, C" uniqKey="Wilcox C">C Wilcox</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hardesty, B" uniqKey="Hardesty B">B Hardesty</name></author><author><name sortKey="Proietti, M" uniqKey="Proietti M">M Proietti</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hinojosa, I" uniqKey="Hinojosa I">I Hinojosa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, M" uniqKey="Thiel M">M Thiel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Collignon, A" uniqKey="Collignon A">A Collignon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hecq, J" uniqKey="Hecq J">J Hecq</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galgani, F" uniqKey="Galgani F">F Galgani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Voisin, P" uniqKey="Voisin P">P Voisin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Collard, F" uniqKey="Collard F">F Collard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ryan, P" uniqKey="Ryan P">P Ryan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gregory, M" uniqKey="Gregory M">M Gregory</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Teuten, E" uniqKey="Teuten E">E Teuten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saquing, J" uniqKey="Saquing J">J Saquing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knappe, D" uniqKey="Knappe D">D Knappe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barlaz, M" uniqKey="Barlaz M">M Barlaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jonsson, S" uniqKey="Jonsson S">S Jonsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, K" uniqKey="Tanaka K">K Tanaka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takada, H" uniqKey="Takada H">H Takada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yamashita, R" uniqKey="Yamashita R">R Yamashita</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mizukawa, K" uniqKey="Mizukawa K">K Mizukawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fukuwaka, M" uniqKey="Fukuwaka M">M Fukuwaka</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bakir, A" uniqKey="Bakir A">A Bakir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rowland, S" uniqKey="Rowland S">S Rowland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wright, S" uniqKey="Wright S">S Wright</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rowe, D" uniqKey="Rowe D">D Rowe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galloway, T" uniqKey="Galloway T">T Galloway</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Set L, O" uniqKey="Set L O">O Setälä</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fleming Lehtinen, V" uniqKey="Fleming Lehtinen V">V Fleming-Lehtinen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtiniemi, M" uniqKey="Lehtiniemi M">M Lehtiniemi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Farrell, P" uniqKey="Farrell P">P Farrell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, K" uniqKey="Nelson K">K Nelson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carson, H" uniqKey="Carson H">H Carson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nerheim, M" uniqKey="Nerheim M">M Nerheim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carroll, K" uniqKey="Carroll K">K Carroll</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksen, M" uniqKey="Eriksen M">M Eriksen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barnes, D" uniqKey="Barnes D">D Barnes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maximenko, M" uniqKey="Maximenko M">M Maximenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hafner, J" uniqKey="Hafner J">J Hafner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niiler, P" uniqKey="Niiler P">P Niiler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ryan, P" uniqKey="Ryan P">P Ryan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kukulka, T" uniqKey="Kukulka T">T Kukulka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Proskurowski, G" uniqKey="Proskurowski G">G Proskurowski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moret Ferguson, S" uniqKey="Moret Ferguson S">S Morét-Ferguson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, D" uniqKey="Meyer D">D Meyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Law, K" uniqKey="Law K">K Law</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lebreton, L" uniqKey="Lebreton L">L Lebreton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greer, S" uniqKey="Greer S">S Greer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borrero, J" uniqKey="Borrero J">J Borrero</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cummings, J" uniqKey="Cummings J">J Cummings</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hidalgo Ruz, V" uniqKey="Hidalgo Ruz V">V Hidalgo-Ruz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gutow, L" uniqKey="Gutow L">L Gutow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, M" uniqKey="Thiel M">M Thiel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, S" uniqKey="Smith S">S Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lumpkin, R" uniqKey="Lumpkin R">R Lumpkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maximenko, N" uniqKey="Maximenko N">N Maximenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pazos, M" uniqKey="Pazos M">M Pazos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goldstein, M" uniqKey="Goldstein M">M Goldstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goodwyn, D" uniqKey="Goodwyn D">D Goodwyn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jantz, L" uniqKey="Jantz L">L Jantz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morishige, C" uniqKey="Morishige C">C Morishige</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bruland, G" uniqKey="Bruland G">G Bruland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lepczyk, C" uniqKey="Lepczyk C">C Lepczyk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lusher, A" uniqKey="Lusher A">A Lusher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mchugh, M" uniqKey="Mchugh M">M McHugh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cole, M" uniqKey="Cole M">M Cole</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zettler, E" uniqKey="Zettler E">E Zettler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mincer, T" uniqKey="Mincer T">T Mincer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amaral Zettler, L" uniqKey="Amaral Zettler L">L Amaral-Zettler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harshvardhan, K" uniqKey="Harshvardhan K">K Harshvardhan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, B" uniqKey="Jha B">B Jha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Balasubramanian, V" uniqKey="Balasubramanian V">V Balasubramanian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Natarajan, K" uniqKey="Natarajan K">K Natarajan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hemambika, B" uniqKey="Hemambika B">B Hemambika</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramesh, N" uniqKey="Ramesh N">N Ramesh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sumathi, C" uniqKey="Sumathi C">C Sumathi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olsen, Y" uniqKey="Olsen Y">Y Olsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, R" uniqKey="Mitchell R">R Mitchell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, A" uniqKey="Davis A">A Davis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rowland, S" uniqKey="Rowland S">S Rowland</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><double pmid="25494041"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea</title><author><name sortKey="Eriksen, Marcus" sort="Eriksen, Marcus" uniqKey="Eriksen M" first="Marcus" last="Eriksen">Marcus Eriksen</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Five Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Five Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lebreton, Laurent C M" sort="Lebreton, Laurent C M" uniqKey="Lebreton L" first="Laurent C. M." last="Lebreton">Laurent C. M. Lebreton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Dumpark Data Science, Wellington, New Zealand</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Dumpark Data Science, Wellington</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carson, Henry S" sort="Carson, Henry S" uniqKey="Carson H" first="Henry S." last="Carson">Henry S. Carson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Hawaï</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, Martin" sort="Thiel, Martin" uniqKey="Thiel M" first="Martin" last="Thiel">Martin Thiel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Charles J" sort="Moore, Charles J" uniqKey="Moore C" first="Charles J." last="Moore">Charles J. Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borerro, Jose C" sort="Borerro, Jose C" uniqKey="Borerro J" first="Jose C." last="Borerro">Jose C. Borerro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>eCoast Limited, Raglan, New Zealand</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>eCoast Limited, Raglan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Raglan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galgani, Francois" sort="Galgani, Francois" uniqKey="Galgani F" first="Francois" last="Galgani">Francois Galgani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Departement Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystemes, Institut français de recherche pour l′exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Bastia, Corsica, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Departement Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystemes, Institut français de recherche pour l′exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Bastia, Corsica</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Corsica</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Corsica</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryan, Peter G" sort="Ryan, Peter G" uniqKey="Ryan P" first="Peter G." last="Ryan">Peter G. Ryan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rondebosch</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reisser, Julia" sort="Reisser, Julia" uniqKey="Reisser J" first="Julia" last="Reisser">Julia Reisser</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><addr-line>School of Environmental Systems Engineering and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environmental Systems Engineering and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25494041</idno><idno type="pmc">4262196</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262196</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4262196</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0111913</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000374</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000374</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000374</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000374</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001405</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001405</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea</title><author><name sortKey="Eriksen, Marcus" sort="Eriksen, Marcus" uniqKey="Eriksen M" first="Marcus" last="Eriksen">Marcus Eriksen</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Five Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Five Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lebreton, Laurent C M" sort="Lebreton, Laurent C M" uniqKey="Lebreton L" first="Laurent C. M." last="Lebreton">Laurent C. M. Lebreton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Dumpark Data Science, Wellington, New Zealand</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Dumpark Data Science, Wellington</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carson, Henry S" sort="Carson, Henry S" uniqKey="Carson H" first="Henry S." last="Carson">Henry S. Carson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Hawaï</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, Martin" sort="Thiel, Martin" uniqKey="Thiel M" first="Martin" last="Thiel">Martin Thiel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Charles J" sort="Moore, Charles J" uniqKey="Moore C" first="Charles J." last="Moore">Charles J. Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borerro, Jose C" sort="Borerro, Jose C" uniqKey="Borerro J" first="Jose C." last="Borerro">Jose C. Borerro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>eCoast Limited, Raglan, New Zealand</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>eCoast Limited, Raglan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Raglan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galgani, Francois" sort="Galgani, Francois" uniqKey="Galgani F" first="Francois" last="Galgani">Francois Galgani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Departement Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystemes, Institut français de recherche pour l′exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Bastia, Corsica, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Departement Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystemes, Institut français de recherche pour l′exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Bastia, Corsica</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Corsica</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Corsica</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryan, Peter G" sort="Ryan, Peter G" uniqKey="Ryan P" first="Peter G." last="Ryan">Peter G. Ryan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rondebosch</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reisser, Julia" sort="Reisser, Julia" uniqKey="Reisser J" first="Julia" last="Reisser">Julia Reisser</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><addr-line>School of Environmental Systems Engineering and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environmental Systems Engineering and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Plastic pollution is ubiquitous throughout the marine environment, yet estimates of the global abundance and weight of floating plastics have lacked data, particularly from the Southern Hemisphere and remote regions. Here we report an estimate of the total number of plastic particles and their weight floating in the world's oceans from 24 expeditions (2007–2013) across all five sub-tropical gyres, costal Australia, Bay of Bengal and the Mediterranean Sea conducting surface net tows (N = 680) and visual survey transects of large plastic debris (N = 891). Using an oceanographic model of floating debris dispersal calibrated by our data, and correcting for wind-driven vertical mixing, we estimate a minimum of 5.25 trillion particles weighing 268,940 tons. When comparing between four size classes, two microplastic <4.75 mm and meso- and macroplastic >4.75 mm, a tremendous loss of microplastics is observed from the sea surface compared to expected rates of fragmentation, suggesting there are mechanisms at play that remove <4.75 mm plastic particles from the ocean surface.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Teuten, E" uniqKey="Teuten E">E Teuten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rowland, S" uniqKey="Rowland S">S Rowland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galloway, T" uniqKey="Galloway T">T Galloway</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mato, Y" uniqKey="Mato Y">Y Mato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Isobe, T" uniqKey="Isobe T">T Isobe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takada, H" uniqKey="Takada H">H Takada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kanehiro, H" uniqKey="Kanehiro H">H Kanehiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ohtake, C" uniqKey="Ohtake C">C Ohtake</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rochman, C" uniqKey="Rochman C">C Rochman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Browne, M" uniqKey="Browne M">M Browne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halpern, B" uniqKey="Halpern B">B Halpern</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hentschel, B" uniqKey="Hentschel B">B Hentschel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoh, E" uniqKey="Hoh E">E Hoh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barnes, D" uniqKey="Barnes D">D Barnes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galgani, F" uniqKey="Galgani F">F Galgani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barlaz, M" uniqKey="Barlaz M">M Barlaz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barnes, D" uniqKey="Barnes D">D Barnes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walters, A" uniqKey="Walters A">A Walters</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goncalves, L" uniqKey="Goncalves L">L Goncalves</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Law, K" uniqKey="Law K">K Law</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moret Ferguson, S" uniqKey="Moret Ferguson S">S Moret-Ferguson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maximenko, N" uniqKey="Maximenko N">N Maximenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Proskurowski, G" uniqKey="Proskurowski G">G Proskurowski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peacock, E" uniqKey="Peacock E">E Peacock</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eriksen, M" uniqKey="Eriksen M">M Eriksen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maximenko, N" uniqKey="Maximenko N">N Maximenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, M" uniqKey="Thiel M">M Thiel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cummins, A" uniqKey="Cummins A">A Cummins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lattin, G" uniqKey="Lattin G">G Lattin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goldstein, M" uniqKey="Goldstein M">M Goldstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Titmus, A" uniqKey="Titmus A">A Titmus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ford, M" uniqKey="Ford M">M Ford</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reisser, J" uniqKey="Reisser J">J Reisser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shaw, J" uniqKey="Shaw J">J Shaw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilcox, C" uniqKey="Wilcox C">C Wilcox</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hardesty, B" uniqKey="Hardesty B">B Hardesty</name></author><author><name sortKey="Proietti, M" uniqKey="Proietti M">M Proietti</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hinojosa, I" uniqKey="Hinojosa I">I Hinojosa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, M" uniqKey="Thiel M">M Thiel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Collignon, A" uniqKey="Collignon A">A Collignon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hecq, J" uniqKey="Hecq J">J Hecq</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galgani, F" uniqKey="Galgani F">F Galgani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Voisin, P" uniqKey="Voisin P">P Voisin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Collard, F" uniqKey="Collard F">F Collard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ryan, P" uniqKey="Ryan P">P Ryan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gregory, M" uniqKey="Gregory M">M Gregory</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Teuten, E" uniqKey="Teuten E">E Teuten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saquing, J" uniqKey="Saquing J">J Saquing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knappe, D" uniqKey="Knappe D">D Knappe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barlaz, M" uniqKey="Barlaz M">M Barlaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jonsson, S" uniqKey="Jonsson S">S Jonsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, K" uniqKey="Tanaka K">K Tanaka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takada, H" uniqKey="Takada H">H Takada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yamashita, R" uniqKey="Yamashita R">R Yamashita</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mizukawa, K" uniqKey="Mizukawa K">K Mizukawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fukuwaka, M" uniqKey="Fukuwaka M">M Fukuwaka</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bakir, A" uniqKey="Bakir A">A Bakir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rowland, S" uniqKey="Rowland S">S Rowland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wright, S" uniqKey="Wright S">S Wright</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rowe, D" uniqKey="Rowe D">D Rowe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galloway, T" uniqKey="Galloway T">T Galloway</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Set L, O" uniqKey="Set L O">O Setälä</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fleming Lehtinen, V" uniqKey="Fleming Lehtinen V">V Fleming-Lehtinen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lehtiniemi, M" uniqKey="Lehtiniemi M">M Lehtiniemi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Farrell, P" uniqKey="Farrell P">P Farrell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, K" uniqKey="Nelson K">K Nelson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Carson, H" uniqKey="Carson H">H Carson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nerheim, M" uniqKey="Nerheim M">M Nerheim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carroll, K" uniqKey="Carroll K">K Carroll</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksen, M" uniqKey="Eriksen M">M Eriksen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barnes, D" uniqKey="Barnes D">D Barnes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maximenko, M" uniqKey="Maximenko M">M Maximenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hafner, J" uniqKey="Hafner J">J Hafner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niiler, P" uniqKey="Niiler P">P Niiler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ryan, P" uniqKey="Ryan P">P Ryan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kukulka, T" uniqKey="Kukulka T">T Kukulka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Proskurowski, G" uniqKey="Proskurowski G">G Proskurowski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moret Ferguson, S" uniqKey="Moret Ferguson S">S Morét-Ferguson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, D" uniqKey="Meyer D">D Meyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Law, K" uniqKey="Law K">K Law</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lebreton, L" uniqKey="Lebreton L">L Lebreton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greer, S" uniqKey="Greer S">S Greer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borrero, J" uniqKey="Borrero J">J Borrero</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cummings, J" uniqKey="Cummings J">J Cummings</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hidalgo Ruz, V" uniqKey="Hidalgo Ruz V">V Hidalgo-Ruz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gutow, L" uniqKey="Gutow L">L Gutow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, M" uniqKey="Thiel M">M Thiel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, S" uniqKey="Smith S">S Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lumpkin, R" uniqKey="Lumpkin R">R Lumpkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maximenko, N" uniqKey="Maximenko N">N Maximenko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pazos, M" uniqKey="Pazos M">M Pazos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goldstein, M" uniqKey="Goldstein M">M Goldstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goodwyn, D" uniqKey="Goodwyn D">D Goodwyn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jantz, L" uniqKey="Jantz L">L Jantz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morishige, C" uniqKey="Morishige C">C Morishige</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bruland, G" uniqKey="Bruland G">G Bruland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lepczyk, C" uniqKey="Lepczyk C">C Lepczyk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lusher, A" uniqKey="Lusher A">A Lusher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mchugh, M" uniqKey="Mchugh M">M McHugh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cole, M" uniqKey="Cole M">M Cole</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zettler, E" uniqKey="Zettler E">E Zettler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mincer, T" uniqKey="Mincer T">T Mincer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amaral Zettler, L" uniqKey="Amaral Zettler L">L Amaral-Zettler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harshvardhan, K" uniqKey="Harshvardhan K">K Harshvardhan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, B" uniqKey="Jha B">B Jha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Balasubramanian, V" uniqKey="Balasubramanian V">V Balasubramanian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Natarajan, K" uniqKey="Natarajan K">K Natarajan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hemambika, B" uniqKey="Hemambika B">B Hemambika</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramesh, N" uniqKey="Ramesh N">N Ramesh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sumathi, C" uniqKey="Sumathi C">C Sumathi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R" uniqKey="Thompson R">R Thompson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olsen, Y" uniqKey="Olsen Y">Y Olsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, R" uniqKey="Mitchell R">R Mitchell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, A" uniqKey="Davis A">A Davis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rowland, S" uniqKey="Rowland S">S Rowland</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI></pmc><pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea.</title><author><name sortKey="Eriksen, Marcus" sort="Eriksen, Marcus" uniqKey="Eriksen M" first="Marcus" last="Eriksen">Marcus Eriksen</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Five Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Five Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lebreton, Laurent C M" sort="Lebreton, Laurent C M" uniqKey="Lebreton L" first="Laurent C M" last="Lebreton">Laurent C M. Lebreton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dumpark Data Science, Wellington, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Dumpark Data Science, Wellington</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carson, Henry S" sort="Carson, Henry S" uniqKey="Carson H" first="Henry S" last="Carson">Henry S. Carson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, Martin" sort="Thiel, Martin" uniqKey="Thiel M" first="Martin" last="Thiel">Martin Thiel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Charles J" sort="Moore, Charles J" uniqKey="Moore C" first="Charles J" last="Moore">Charles J. Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borerro, Jose C" sort="Borerro, Jose C" uniqKey="Borerro J" first="Jose C" last="Borerro">Jose C. Borerro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>eCoast Limited, Raglan, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>eCoast Limited, Raglan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Raglan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galgani, Francois" sort="Galgani, Francois" uniqKey="Galgani F" first="Francois" last="Galgani">Francois Galgani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Departement Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystemes, Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Bastia, Corsica, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Departement Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystemes, Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Bastia, Corsica</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Corsica</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Corsica</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryan, Peter G" sort="Ryan, Peter G" uniqKey="Ryan P" first="Peter G" last="Ryan">Peter G. Ryan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rondebosch</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reisser, Julia" sort="Reisser, Julia" uniqKey="Reisser J" first="Julia" last="Reisser">Julia Reisser</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental Systems Engineering and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environmental Systems Engineering and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25494041</idno><idno type="pmid">25494041</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0111913</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003215</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003215</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">003105</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">003105</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">003105</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">003105</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea.</title><author><name sortKey="Eriksen, Marcus" sort="Eriksen, Marcus" uniqKey="Eriksen M" first="Marcus" last="Eriksen">Marcus Eriksen</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Five Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Five Gyres Institute, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lebreton, Laurent C M" sort="Lebreton, Laurent C M" uniqKey="Lebreton L" first="Laurent C M" last="Lebreton">Laurent C M. Lebreton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dumpark Data Science, Wellington, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Dumpark Data Science, Wellington</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carson, Henry S" sort="Carson, Henry S" uniqKey="Carson H" first="Henry S" last="Carson">Henry S. Carson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, Martin" sort="Thiel, Martin" uniqKey="Thiel M" first="Martin" last="Thiel">Martin Thiel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coquimbo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Charles J" sort="Moore, Charles J" uniqKey="Moore C" first="Charles J" last="Moore">Charles J. Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Algalita Marine Research and Education, Long Beach, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borerro, Jose C" sort="Borerro, Jose C" uniqKey="Borerro J" first="Jose C" last="Borerro">Jose C. Borerro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>eCoast Limited, Raglan, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>eCoast Limited, Raglan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Raglan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galgani, Francois" sort="Galgani, Francois" uniqKey="Galgani F" first="Francois" last="Galgani">Francois Galgani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Departement Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystemes, Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Bastia, Corsica, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Departement Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystemes, Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Bastia, Corsica</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Corsica</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Corsica</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryan, Peter G" sort="Ryan, Peter G" uniqKey="Ryan P" first="Peter G" last="Ryan">Peter G. Ryan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rondebosch</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reisser, Julia" sort="Reisser, Julia" uniqKey="Reisser J" first="Julia" last="Reisser">Julia Reisser</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental Systems Engineering and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environmental Systems Engineering and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PloS one</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Hydrodynamics</term><term>Linear Models</term><term>Models, Theoretical</term><term>Oceans and Seas</term><term>Plastics</term><term>Water Pollution</term><term>Wind</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hydrodynamique</term><term>Matières plastiques</term><term>Modèles linéaires</term><term>Modèles théoriques</term><term>Océans et mers</term><term>Pollution de l'eau</term><term>Vent</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Plastics</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Hydrodynamics</term><term>Linear Models</term><term>Models, Theoretical</term><term>Oceans and Seas</term><term>Water Pollution</term><term>Wind</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hydrodynamique</term><term>Matières plastiques</term><term>Modèles linéaires</term><term>Modèles théoriques</term><term>Océans et mers</term><term>Pollution de l'eau</term><term>Vent</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Plastic pollution is ubiquitous throughout the marine environment, yet estimates of the global abundance and weight of floating plastics have lacked data, particularly from the Southern Hemisphere and remote regions. Here we report an estimate of the total number of plastic particles and their weight floating in the world's oceans from 24 expeditions (2007-2013) across all five sub-tropical gyres, costal Australia, Bay of Bengal and the Mediterranean Sea conducting surface net tows (N = 680) and visual survey transects of large plastic debris (N = 891). Using an oceanographic model of floating debris dispersal calibrated by our data, and correcting for wind-driven vertical mixing, we estimate a minimum of 5.25 trillion particles weighing 268,940 tons. When comparing between four size classes, two microplastic <4.75 mm and meso- and macroplastic >4.75 mm, a tremendous loss of microplastics is observed from the sea surface compared to expected rates of fragmentation, suggesting there are mechanisms at play that remove <4.75 mm plastic particles from the ocean surface.</div></front></TEI></pubmed></double></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Ncbi/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002086 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 002086 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Asie
|area= AustralieFrV1
|flux= Ncbi
|étape= Merge
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4262196
|texte= Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25494041" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |