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PCSK9 genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study

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PCSK9 genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study

Auteurs : Amand F. Schmidt [Royaume-Uni] ; Daniel I. Swerdlow [Royaume-Uni] ; Michael V. Holmes [Royaume-Uni] ; Riyaz S. Patel [Royaume-Uni] ; Zammy Fairhurst-Hunter [Royaume-Uni] ; Donald M. Lyall [Royaume-Uni] ; Fernando Pires Hartwig [Brésil] ; Bernardo Lessa Horta [Brésil] ; Elina Hyppönen [Australie, Royaume-Uni] ; Christine Power [Royaume-Uni] ; Max Moldovan [Australie] ; Erik Van Iperen [Pays-Bas] ; G Kees Hovingh [Pays-Bas] ; Ilja Demuth [Allemagne] ; Kristina Norman [Allemagne] ; Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen [Allemagne] ; Juri Demuth [Allemagne] ; Lars Bertram [Royaume-Uni, Allemagne] ; Tian Liu [Allemagne] ; Stefan Coassin [Autriche] ; Johann Willeit [Autriche] ; Stefan Kiechl [Autriche] ; Karin Willeit [Autriche] ; Dan Mason [Royaume-Uni] ; John Wright [Royaume-Uni] ; Richard Morris [Royaume-Uni] ; Goya Wanamethee [Royaume-Uni] ; Peter Whincup [Royaume-Uni] ; Yoav Ben-Shlomo [Royaume-Uni] ; Stela Mclachlan [Royaume-Uni] ; Jackie F. Price [Royaume-Uni] ; Mika Kivimaki [Royaume-Uni] ; Catherine Welch [Royaume-Uni] ; Adelaida Sanchez-Galvez [Royaume-Uni] ; Pedro Marques-Vidal [Suisse] ; Andrew Nicolaides [Royaume-Uni, Chypre (pays)] ; Andrie G. Panayiotou [Chypre (pays)] ; N Charlotte Onland-Moret [Pays-Bas] ; Yvonne T. Van Der Schouw [Pays-Bas] ; Giuseppe Matullo [Italie] ; Giovanni Fiorito [Italie] ; Simonetta Guarrera [Italie] ; Carlotta Sacerdote [Italie] ; Nicholas J. Wareham [Royaume-Uni] ; Claudia Langenberg [Royaume-Uni] ; Robert Scott [Royaume-Uni] ; Jian'An Luan [Royaume-Uni] ; Martin Bobak [Royaume-Uni] ; Sofia Malyutina [Russie] ; Andrzej Paj K [Pologne] ; Ruzena Kubinova [République tchèque] ; Abdonas Tamosiunas [Lituanie] ; Hynek Pikhart [Royaume-Uni] ; Lise Lotte Nystrup Husemoen [Danemark] ; Niels Grarup [Danemark] ; Oluf Pedersen [Danemark] ; Torben Hansen [Danemark] ; Allan Linneberg [Danemark] ; Kenneth Starup Simonsen [Danemark] ; Jackie Cooper [Royaume-Uni] ; Steve E. Humphries [Royaume-Uni] ; Murray Brilliant [États-Unis] ; Terrie Kitchner [États-Unis] ; Hakon Hakonarson [États-Unis] ; David S. Carrell [États-Unis] ; Catherine A. Mccarty [États-Unis] ; H Lester Kirchner [États-Unis] ; Eric B. Larson [États-Unis] ; David R. Crosslin [États-Unis] ; Mariza De Andrade [États-Unis] ; Dan M. Roden [États-Unis] ; Joshua C. Denny [États-Unis] ; Cara Carty [États-Unis] ; Stephen Hancock [Australie] ; John Attia [Australie] ; Elizabeth Holliday [Australie] ; Martin O'Donnell [Canada] ; Salim Yusuf [Canada] ; Michael Chong [Canada] ; Guillaume Pare [Canada] ; Pim Van Der Harst [Pays-Bas] ; M Abdullah Said [Pays-Bas] ; Ruben N. Eppinga [Pays-Bas] ; Niek Verweij [Pays-Bas] ; Harold Snieder [Pays-Bas] ; Tim Christen [Pays-Bas] ; Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori [Pays-Bas] ; Stefan Gustafsson [Suède] ; Lars Lind [Suède] ; Erik Ingelsson [Suède, États-Unis] ; Raha Pazoki [Pays-Bas] ; Oscar Franco [Pays-Bas] ; Albert Hofman [Pays-Bas] ; Andre Uitterlinden [Pays-Bas] ; Abbas Dehghan [Royaume-Uni, Pays-Bas] ; Alexander Teumer [Allemagne] ; Sebastian Baumeister [Allemagne] ; Marcus Dörr [Allemagne] ; Markus M. Lerch [Allemagne] ; Uwe Völker [Allemagne] ; Henry Völzke [Allemagne] ; Joey Ward [Royaume-Uni] ; Jill P. Pell [Royaume-Uni] ; Daniel J. Smith [Royaume-Uni] ; Tom Meade [Royaume-Uni] ; Anke H. Maitland-Van Der Zee [Pays-Bas] ; Ekaterina V. Baranova [Pays-Bas] ; Robin Young [Royaume-Uni] ; Ian Ford [Royaume-Uni] ; Archie Campbell [Royaume-Uni] ; Sandosh Padmanabhan [Royaume-Uni] ; Michiel L. Bots [Pays-Bas] ; Diederick E. Grobbee [Pays-Bas] ; Philippe Froguel [Royaume-Uni, France] ; Dorothée Thuillier [France] ; Beverley Balkau [France] ; Amélie Bonnefond [Royaume-Uni, France] ; Bertrand Cariou [France] ; Melissa Smart [Royaume-Uni] ; Yanchun Bao [Royaume-Uni] ; Meena Kumari [Royaume-Uni] ; Anubha Mahajan [Royaume-Uni] ; Paul M. Ridker [États-Unis] ; Daniel I. Chasman [États-Unis] ; Alex P. Reiner [États-Unis] ; Leslie A. Lange [États-Unis] ; Marylyn D. Ritchie [États-Unis] ; Folkert W. Asselbergs [Royaume-Uni, Pays-Bas] ; Juan-Pablo Casas [Royaume-Uni] ; Brendan J. Keating [États-Unis] ; David Preiss [Royaume-Uni] ; Aroon D. Hingorani [Royaume-Uni] ; Naveed Sattar [Royaume-Uni]

Source :

The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology [ 2213-8587 ] ; 2017.

RBID : PMC:5266795

Abstract

SummaryBackground

Statin treatment and variants in the gene encoding HMG-CoA reductase are associated with reductions in both the concentration of LDL cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease, but also with modest hyperglycaemia, increased bodyweight, and modestly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, which in no way offsets their substantial benefits. We sought to investigate the associations of LDL cholesterol-lowering PCSK9 variants with type 2 diabetes and related biomarkers to gauge the likely effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on diabetes risk.

Methods

In this mendelian randomisation study, we used data from cohort studies, randomised controlled trials, case control studies, and genetic consortia to estimate associations of PCSK9 genetic variants with LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, HbA_1c, fasting insulin, bodyweight, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, and risk of type 2 diabetes, using a standardised analysis plan, meta-analyses, and weighted gene-centric scores.

Findings

Data were available for more than 550 000 individuals and 51 623 cases of type 2 diabetes. Combined analyses of four independent PCSK9 variants (rs11583680, rs11591147, rs2479409, and rs11206510) scaled to 1 mmol/L lower LDL cholesterol showed associations with increased fasting glucose (0·09 mmol/L, 95% CI 0·02 to 0·15), bodyweight (1·03 kg, 0·24 to 1·82), waist-to-hip ratio (0·006, 0·003 to 0·010), and an odds ratio for type diabetes of 1·29 (1·11 to 1·50). Based on the collected data, we did not identify associations with HbA_1c (0·03%, −0·01 to 0·08), fasting insulin (0·00%, −0·06 to 0·07), and BMI (0·11 kg/m², −0·09 to 0·30).

Interpretation

PCSK9 variants associated with lower LDL cholesterol were also associated with circulating higher fasting glucose concentration, bodyweight, and waist-to-hip ratio, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In trials of PCSK9 inhibitor drugs, investigators should carefully assess these safety outcomes and quantify the risks and benefits of PCSK9 inhibitor treatment, as was previously done for statins.

Funding

British Heart Foundation, and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5266795

DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30396-5
PubMed: 27908689
PubMed Central: 5266795

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 genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study</title>
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<author><name sortKey="Hovingh, G Kees" sort="Hovingh, G Kees" uniqKey="Hovingh G" first="G Kees" last="Hovingh">G Kees Hovingh</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Demuth, Ilja" sort="Demuth, Ilja" uniqKey="Demuth I" first="Ilja" last="Demuth">Ilja Demuth</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff29">Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Norman, Kristina" sort="Norman, Kristina" uniqKey="Norman K" first="Kristina" last="Norman">Kristina Norman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Steinhagen Thiessen, Elisabeth" sort="Steinhagen Thiessen, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Steinhagen Thiessen E" first="Elisabeth" last="Steinhagen-Thiessen">Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
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<author><name sortKey="Demuth, Juri" sort="Demuth, Juri" uniqKey="Demuth J" first="Juri" last="Demuth">Juri Demuth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff30">E.CA Economics GmbH, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Bertram, Lars" sort="Bertram, Lars" uniqKey="Bertram L" first="Lars" last="Bertram">Lars Bertram</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Liu, Tian" sort="Liu, Tian" uniqKey="Liu T" first="Tian" last="Liu">Tian Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff32">Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff33">Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Coassin, Stefan" sort="Coassin, Stefan" uniqKey="Coassin S" first="Stefan" last="Coassin">Stefan Coassin</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Genetic Epidemiology Innsbruck, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck</wicri:regionArea>
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<placeName><settlement type="city">Innsbruck</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Tyrol (Land)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Willeit, Johann" sort="Willeit, Johann" uniqKey="Willeit J" first="Johann" last="Willeit">Johann Willeit</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de médecine d'Innsbruck</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Innsbruck</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Kiechl, Stefan" sort="Kiechl, Stefan" uniqKey="Kiechl S" first="Stefan" last="Kiechl">Stefan Kiechl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de médecine d'Innsbruck</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Innsbruck</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Tyrol (Land)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Willeit, Karin" sort="Willeit, Karin" uniqKey="Willeit K" first="Karin" last="Willeit">Karin Willeit</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de médecine d'Innsbruck</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Innsbruck</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Tyrol (Land)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mason, Dan" sort="Mason, Dan" uniqKey="Mason D" first="Dan" last="Mason">Dan Mason</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36">Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bradford</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wright, John" sort="Wright, John" uniqKey="Wright J" first="John" last="Wright">John Wright</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36">Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bradford</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, Richard" sort="Morris, Richard" uniqKey="Morris R" first="Richard" last="Morris">Richard Morris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wanamethee, Goya" sort="Wanamethee, Goya" uniqKey="Wanamethee G" first="Goya" last="Wanamethee">Goya Wanamethee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whincup, Peter" sort="Whincup, Peter" uniqKey="Whincup P" first="Peter" last="Whincup">Peter Whincup</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff38">Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ben Shlomo, Yoav" sort="Ben Shlomo, Yoav" uniqKey="Ben Shlomo Y" first="Yoav" last="Ben-Shlomo">Yoav Ben-Shlomo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mclachlan, Stela" sort="Mclachlan, Stela" uniqKey="Mclachlan S" first="Stela" last="Mclachlan">Stela Mclachlan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff39">Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Price, Jackie F" sort="Price, Jackie F" uniqKey="Price J" first="Jackie F" last="Price">Jackie F. Price</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff39">Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Welch, Catherine" sort="Welch, Catherine" uniqKey="Welch C" first="Catherine" last="Welch">Catherine Welch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanchez Galvez, Adelaida" sort="Sanchez Galvez, Adelaida" uniqKey="Sanchez Galvez A" first="Adelaida" last="Sanchez-Galvez">Adelaida Sanchez-Galvez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marques Vidal, Pedro" sort="Marques Vidal, Pedro" uniqKey="Marques Vidal P" first="Pedro" last="Marques-Vidal">Pedro Marques-Vidal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff41">Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicolaides, Andrew" sort="Nicolaides, Andrew" uniqKey="Nicolaides A" first="Andrew" last="Nicolaides">Andrew Nicolaides</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42">Department of Surgery, Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chypre (pays)</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nicosia</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Panayiotou, Andrie G" sort="Panayiotou, Andrie G" uniqKey="Panayiotou A" first="Andrie G" last="Panayiotou">Andrie G. Panayiotou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43">Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chypre (pays)</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Limassol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Onland Moret, N Charlotte" sort="Onland Moret, N Charlotte" uniqKey="Onland Moret N" first="N Charlotte" last="Onland-Moret">N Charlotte Onland-Moret</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Schouw, Yvonne T" sort="Van Der Schouw, Yvonne T" uniqKey="Van Der Schouw Y" first="Yvonne T" last="Van Der Schouw">Yvonne T. Van Der Schouw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matullo, Giuseppe" sort="Matullo, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Matullo G" first="Giuseppe" last="Matullo">Giuseppe Matullo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff47">Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fiorito, Giovanni" sort="Fiorito, Giovanni" uniqKey="Fiorito G" first="Giovanni" last="Fiorito">Giovanni Fiorito</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff47">Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guarrera, Simonetta" sort="Guarrera, Simonetta" uniqKey="Guarrera S" first="Simonetta" last="Guarrera">Simonetta Guarrera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff47">Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sacerdote, Carlotta" sort="Sacerdote, Carlotta" uniqKey="Sacerdote C" first="Carlotta" last="Sacerdote">Carlotta Sacerdote</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff48">Cancer Epidemiology Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff49">Centre for Oncology Prevention, CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Oncology Prevention, CPO Piemonte, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J" last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert" sort="Scott, Robert" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert" last="Scott">Robert Scott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian An" sort="Luan, Jian An" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian'An" last="Luan">Jian'An Luan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bobak, Martin" sort="Bobak, Martin" uniqKey="Bobak M" first="Martin" last="Bobak">Martin Bobak</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malyutina, Sofia" sort="Malyutina, Sofia" uniqKey="Malyutina S" first="Sofia" last="Malyutina">Sofia Malyutina</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff51">Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Novosibirsk</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff52">Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Novosibirsk</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paj K, Andrzej" sort="Paj K, Andrzej" uniqKey="Paj K A" first="Andrzej" last="Paj K">Andrzej Paj K</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff53">Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Krakow</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kubinova, Ruzena" sort="Kubinova, Ruzena" uniqKey="Kubinova R" first="Ruzena" last="Kubinova">Ruzena Kubinova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff54">National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Public Health, Prague</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Prague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamosiunas, Abdonas" sort="Tamosiunas, Abdonas" uniqKey="Tamosiunas A" first="Abdonas" last="Tamosiunas">Abdonas Tamosiunas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff55">Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kaunas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pikhart, Hynek" sort="Pikhart, Hynek" uniqKey="Pikhart H" first="Hynek" last="Pikhart">Hynek Pikhart</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Husemoen, Lise Lotte Nystrup" sort="Husemoen, Lise Lotte Nystrup" uniqKey="Husemoen L" first="Lise Lotte Nystrup" last="Husemoen">Lise Lotte Nystrup Husemoen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56">Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Capital Region of Denmark</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grarup, Niels" sort="Grarup, Niels" uniqKey="Grarup N" first="Niels" last="Grarup">Niels Grarup</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff57">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Oluf" sort="Pedersen, Oluf" uniqKey="Pedersen O" first="Oluf" last="Pedersen">Oluf Pedersen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff57">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hansen, Torben" sort="Hansen, Torben" uniqKey="Hansen T" first="Torben" last="Hansen">Torben Hansen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff57">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Linneberg, Allan" sort="Linneberg, Allan" uniqKey="Linneberg A" first="Allan" last="Linneberg">Allan Linneberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56">Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Capital Region of Denmark</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff58">Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff59">Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Kenneth Starup" sort="Simonsen, Kenneth Starup" uniqKey="Simonsen K" first="Kenneth Starup" last="Simonsen">Kenneth Starup Simonsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56">Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Capital Region of Denmark</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cooper, Jackie" sort="Cooper, Jackie" uniqKey="Cooper J" first="Jackie" last="Cooper">Jackie Cooper</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Humphries, Steve E" sort="Humphries, Steve E" uniqKey="Humphries S" first="Steve E" last="Humphries">Steve E. Humphries</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brilliant, Murray" sort="Brilliant, Murray" uniqKey="Brilliant M" first="Murray" last="Brilliant">Murray Brilliant</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff60">Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kitchner, Terrie" sort="Kitchner, Terrie" uniqKey="Kitchner T" first="Terrie" last="Kitchner">Terrie Kitchner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff60">Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hakonarson, Hakon" sort="Hakonarson, Hakon" uniqKey="Hakonarson H" first="Hakon" last="Hakonarson">Hakon Hakonarson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff61">Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carrell, David S" sort="Carrell, David S" uniqKey="Carrell D" first="David S" last="Carrell">David S. Carrell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff62">Group Health Research Institute in Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Group Health Research Institute in Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccarty, Catherine A" sort="Mccarty, Catherine A" uniqKey="Mccarty C" first="Catherine A" last="Mccarty">Catherine A. Mccarty</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff63">Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, MN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kirchner, H Lester" sort="Kirchner, H Lester" uniqKey="Kirchner H" first="H Lester" last="Kirchner">H Lester Kirchner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff64">Center for Health Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Health Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larson, Eric B" sort="Larson, Eric B" uniqKey="Larson E" first="Eric B" last="Larson">Eric B. Larson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff65">Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crosslin, David R" sort="Crosslin, David R" uniqKey="Crosslin D" first="David R" last="Crosslin">David R. Crosslin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff65">Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Andrade, Mariza" sort="De Andrade, Mariza" uniqKey="De Andrade M" first="Mariza" last="De Andrade">Mariza De Andrade</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff66">Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roden, Dan M" sort="Roden, Dan M" uniqKey="Roden D" first="Dan M" last="Roden">Dan M. Roden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff67">Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Denny, Joshua C" sort="Denny, Joshua C" uniqKey="Denny J" first="Joshua C" last="Denny">Joshua C. Denny</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff68">Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carty, Cara" sort="Carty, Cara" uniqKey="Carty C" first="Cara" last="Carty">Cara Carty</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff69">George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>George Washington University, Washington, DC</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hancock, Stephen" sort="Hancock, Stephen" uniqKey="Hancock S" first="Stephen" last="Hancock">Stephen Hancock</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff70">University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Attia, John" sort="Attia, John" uniqKey="Attia J" first="John" last="Attia">John Attia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff70">University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holliday, Elizabeth" sort="Holliday, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Holliday E" first="Elizabeth" last="Holliday">Elizabeth Holliday</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff70">University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Donnell, Martin" sort="O Donnell, Martin" uniqKey="O Donnell M" first="Martin" last="O'Donnell">Martin O'Donnell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff71">Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yusuf, Salim" sort="Yusuf, Salim" uniqKey="Yusuf S" first="Salim" last="Yusuf">Salim Yusuf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff71">Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chong, Michael" sort="Chong, Michael" uniqKey="Chong M" first="Michael" last="Chong">Michael Chong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff71">Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pare, Guillaume" sort="Pare, Guillaume" uniqKey="Pare G" first="Guillaume" last="Pare">Guillaume Pare</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff71">Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Harst, Pim" sort="Van Der Harst, Pim" uniqKey="Van Der Harst P" first="Pim" last="Van Der Harst">Pim Van Der Harst</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff72">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff73">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Said, M Abdullah" sort="Said, M Abdullah" uniqKey="Said M" first="M Abdullah" last="Said">M Abdullah Said</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff72">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eppinga, Ruben N" sort="Eppinga, Ruben N" uniqKey="Eppinga R" first="Ruben N" last="Eppinga">Ruben N. Eppinga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff72">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Verweij, Niek" sort="Verweij, Niek" uniqKey="Verweij N" first="Niek" last="Verweij">Niek Verweij</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff72">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Snieder, Harold" sort="Snieder, Harold" uniqKey="Snieder H" first="Harold" last="Snieder">Harold Snieder</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff74">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Christen, Tim" sort="Christen, Tim" uniqKey="Christen T" first="Tim" last="Christen">Tim Christen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff75">Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" sort="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" uniqKey="Mook Kanamori D" first="Dennis O" last="Mook-Kanamori">Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff75">Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gustafsson, Stefan" sort="Gustafsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Gustafsson S" first="Stefan" last="Gustafsson">Stefan Gustafsson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff76">Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff76">Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff76">Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff77">Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff78">Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pazoki, Raha" sort="Pazoki, Raha" uniqKey="Pazoki R" first="Raha" last="Pazoki">Raha Pazoki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff79">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franco, Oscar" sort="Franco, Oscar" uniqKey="Franco O" first="Oscar" last="Franco">Oscar Franco</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff79">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff79">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="Andre" last="Uitterlinden">Andre Uitterlinden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff80">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dehghan, Abbas" sort="Dehghan, Abbas" uniqKey="Dehghan A" first="Abbas" last="Dehghan">Abbas Dehghan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff79">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teumer, Alexander" sort="Teumer, Alexander" uniqKey="Teumer A" first="Alexander" last="Teumer">Alexander Teumer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff81">Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff85">German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baumeister, Sebastian" sort="Baumeister, Sebastian" uniqKey="Baumeister S" first="Sebastian" last="Baumeister">Sebastian Baumeister</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff81">Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff86">Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dorr, Marcus" sort="Dorr, Marcus" uniqKey="Dorr M" first="Marcus" last="Dörr">Marcus Dörr</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff82">Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff85">German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lerch, Markus M" sort="Lerch, Markus M" uniqKey="Lerch M" first="Markus M" last="Lerch">Markus M. Lerch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff83">Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Volker, Uwe" sort="Volker, Uwe" uniqKey="Volker U" first="Uwe" last="Völker">Uwe Völker</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff84">Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff85">German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff81">Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff85">German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ward, Joey" sort="Ward, Joey" uniqKey="Ward J" first="Joey" last="Ward">Joey Ward</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pell, Jill P" sort="Pell, Jill P" uniqKey="Pell J" first="Jill P" last="Pell">Jill P. Pell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Daniel J" sort="Smith, Daniel J" uniqKey="Smith D" first="Daniel J" last="Smith">Daniel J. Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meade, Tom" sort="Meade, Tom" uniqKey="Meade T" first="Tom" last="Meade">Tom Meade</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff87">Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maitland Van Der Zee, Anke H" sort="Maitland Van Der Zee, Anke H" uniqKey="Maitland Van Der Zee A" first="Anke H" last="Maitland-Van Der Zee">Anke H. Maitland-Van Der Zee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27">Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Academic Medical Center Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff88">Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
<settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baranova, Ekaterina V" sort="Baranova, Ekaterina V" uniqKey="Baranova E" first="Ekaterina V" last="Baranova">Ekaterina V. Baranova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff88">Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
<settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Young, Robin" sort="Young, Robin" uniqKey="Young R" first="Robin" last="Young">Robin Young</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ford, Ian" sort="Ford, Ian" uniqKey="Ford I" first="Ian" last="Ford">Ian Ford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, Archie" sort="Campbell, Archie" uniqKey="Campbell A" first="Archie" last="Campbell">Archie Campbell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff40">Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Padmanabhan, Sandosh" sort="Padmanabhan, Sandosh" uniqKey="Padmanabhan S" first="Sandosh" last="Padmanabhan">Sandosh Padmanabhan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bots, Michiel L" sort="Bots, Michiel L" uniqKey="Bots M" first="Michiel L" last="Bots">Michiel L. Bots</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grobbee, Diederick E" sort="Grobbee, Diederick E" uniqKey="Grobbee D" first="Diederick E" last="Grobbee">Diederick E. Grobbee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff89">CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thuillier, Dorothee" sort="Thuillier, Dorothee" uniqKey="Thuillier D" first="Dorothée" last="Thuillier">Dorothée Thuillier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff89">CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balkau, Beverley" sort="Balkau, Beverley" uniqKey="Balkau B" first="Beverley" last="Balkau">Beverley Balkau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff90">Renal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), INSERM U1018, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Renal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), INSERM U1018, Villejuif</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Villejuif</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Villejuif</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bonnefond, Amelie" sort="Bonnefond, Amelie" uniqKey="Bonnefond A" first="Amélie" last="Bonnefond">Amélie Bonnefond</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff89">CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cariou, Bertrand" sort="Cariou, Bertrand" uniqKey="Cariou B" first="Bertrand" last="Cariou">Bertrand Cariou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff91">I'institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, University of Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>I'institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, University of Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Pays de la Loire</region>
<region type="old region">Pays de la Loire</region>
<settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smart, Melissa" sort="Smart, Melissa" uniqKey="Smart M" first="Melissa" last="Smart">Melissa Smart</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff92">Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essex</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bao, Yanchun" sort="Bao, Yanchun" uniqKey="Bao Y" first="Yanchun" last="Bao">Yanchun Bao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff92">Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essex</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff92">Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essex</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahajan, Anubha" sort="Mahajan, Anubha" uniqKey="Mahajan A" first="Anubha" last="Mahajan">Anubha Mahajan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
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 genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study</title>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Amand F" sort="Schmidt, Amand F" uniqKey="Schmidt A" first="Amand F" last="Schmidt">Amand F. Schmidt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
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<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
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<author><name sortKey="Swerdlow, Daniel I" sort="Swerdlow, Daniel I" uniqKey="Swerdlow D" first="Daniel I" last="Swerdlow">Daniel I. Swerdlow</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holmes, Michael V" sort="Holmes, Michael V" uniqKey="Holmes M" first="Michael V" last="Holmes">Michael V. Holmes</name>
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<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
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<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
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<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14">The Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK</nlm:aff>
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<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
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<author><name sortKey="Lyall, Donald M" sort="Lyall, Donald M" uniqKey="Lyall D" first="Donald M" last="Lyall">Donald M. Lyall</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hartwig, Fernando Pires" sort="Hartwig, Fernando Pires" uniqKey="Hartwig F" first="Fernando Pires" last="Hartwig">Fernando Pires Hartwig</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Horta, Bernardo Lessa" sort="Horta, Bernardo Lessa" uniqKey="Horta B" first="Bernardo Lessa" last="Horta">Bernardo Lessa Horta</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff21">Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22">South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Power, Christine" sort="Power, Christine" uniqKey="Power C" first="Christine" last="Power">Christine Power</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Moldovan, Max" sort="Moldovan, Max" uniqKey="Moldovan M" first="Max" last="Moldovan">Max Moldovan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Van Iperen, Erik" sort="Van Iperen, Erik" uniqKey="Van Iperen E" first="Erik" last="Van Iperen">Erik Van Iperen</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25">Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Academic Medical Center Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hovingh, G Kees" sort="Hovingh, G Kees" uniqKey="Hovingh G" first="G Kees" last="Hovingh">G Kees Hovingh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff26">Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Academic Medical Center Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demuth, Ilja" sort="Demuth, Ilja" uniqKey="Demuth I" first="Ilja" last="Demuth">Ilja Demuth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff29">Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Norman, Kristina" sort="Norman, Kristina" uniqKey="Norman K" first="Kristina" last="Norman">Kristina Norman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steinhagen Thiessen, Elisabeth" sort="Steinhagen Thiessen, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Steinhagen Thiessen E" first="Elisabeth" last="Steinhagen-Thiessen">Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff28">Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demuth, Juri" sort="Demuth, Juri" uniqKey="Demuth J" first="Juri" last="Demuth">Juri Demuth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff30">E.CA Economics GmbH, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>E.CA Economics GmbH, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bertram, Lars" sort="Bertram, Lars" uniqKey="Bertram L" first="Lars" last="Bertram">Lars Bertram</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31">Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lübeck</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Lübeck</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Lübeck</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Tian" sort="Liu, Tian" uniqKey="Liu T" first="Tian" last="Liu">Tian Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff32">Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff33">Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coassin, Stefan" sort="Coassin, Stefan" uniqKey="Coassin S" first="Stefan" last="Coassin">Stefan Coassin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff34">Division of Genetic Epidemiology Innsbruck, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Genetic Epidemiology Innsbruck, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de médecine d'Innsbruck</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Innsbruck</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Tyrol (Land)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Willeit, Johann" sort="Willeit, Johann" uniqKey="Willeit J" first="Johann" last="Willeit">Johann Willeit</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de médecine d'Innsbruck</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Innsbruck</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Tyrol (Land)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kiechl, Stefan" sort="Kiechl, Stefan" uniqKey="Kiechl S" first="Stefan" last="Kiechl">Stefan Kiechl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de médecine d'Innsbruck</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Innsbruck</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Tyrol (Land)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Willeit, Karin" sort="Willeit, Karin" uniqKey="Willeit K" first="Karin" last="Willeit">Karin Willeit</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff35">Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de médecine d'Innsbruck</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Innsbruck</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Tyrol (Land)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mason, Dan" sort="Mason, Dan" uniqKey="Mason D" first="Dan" last="Mason">Dan Mason</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36">Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bradford</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wright, John" sort="Wright, John" uniqKey="Wright J" first="John" last="Wright">John Wright</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff36">Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bradford</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, Richard" sort="Morris, Richard" uniqKey="Morris R" first="Richard" last="Morris">Richard Morris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wanamethee, Goya" sort="Wanamethee, Goya" uniqKey="Wanamethee G" first="Goya" last="Wanamethee">Goya Wanamethee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whincup, Peter" sort="Whincup, Peter" uniqKey="Whincup P" first="Peter" last="Whincup">Peter Whincup</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff38">Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ben Shlomo, Yoav" sort="Ben Shlomo, Yoav" uniqKey="Ben Shlomo Y" first="Yoav" last="Ben-Shlomo">Yoav Ben-Shlomo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff37">School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mclachlan, Stela" sort="Mclachlan, Stela" uniqKey="Mclachlan S" first="Stela" last="Mclachlan">Stela Mclachlan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff39">Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Price, Jackie F" sort="Price, Jackie F" uniqKey="Price J" first="Jackie F" last="Price">Jackie F. Price</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff39">Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kivimaki, Mika" sort="Kivimaki, Mika" uniqKey="Kivimaki M" first="Mika" last="Kivimaki">Mika Kivimaki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Welch, Catherine" sort="Welch, Catherine" uniqKey="Welch C" first="Catherine" last="Welch">Catherine Welch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanchez Galvez, Adelaida" sort="Sanchez Galvez, Adelaida" uniqKey="Sanchez Galvez A" first="Adelaida" last="Sanchez-Galvez">Adelaida Sanchez-Galvez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marques Vidal, Pedro" sort="Marques Vidal, Pedro" uniqKey="Marques Vidal P" first="Pedro" last="Marques-Vidal">Pedro Marques-Vidal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff41">Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicolaides, Andrew" sort="Nicolaides, Andrew" uniqKey="Nicolaides A" first="Andrew" last="Nicolaides">Andrew Nicolaides</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff42">Department of Surgery, Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chypre (pays)</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nicosia</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Panayiotou, Andrie G" sort="Panayiotou, Andrie G" uniqKey="Panayiotou A" first="Andrie G" last="Panayiotou">Andrie G. Panayiotou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff43">Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chypre (pays)</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Limassol</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Onland Moret, N Charlotte" sort="Onland Moret, N Charlotte" uniqKey="Onland Moret N" first="N Charlotte" last="Onland-Moret">N Charlotte Onland-Moret</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Schouw, Yvonne T" sort="Van Der Schouw, Yvonne T" uniqKey="Van Der Schouw Y" first="Yvonne T" last="Van Der Schouw">Yvonne T. Van Der Schouw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matullo, Giuseppe" sort="Matullo, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Matullo G" first="Giuseppe" last="Matullo">Giuseppe Matullo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff47">Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fiorito, Giovanni" sort="Fiorito, Giovanni" uniqKey="Fiorito G" first="Giovanni" last="Fiorito">Giovanni Fiorito</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff47">Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guarrera, Simonetta" sort="Guarrera, Simonetta" uniqKey="Guarrera S" first="Simonetta" last="Guarrera">Simonetta Guarrera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff46">Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff47">Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sacerdote, Carlotta" sort="Sacerdote, Carlotta" uniqKey="Sacerdote C" first="Carlotta" last="Sacerdote">Carlotta Sacerdote</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff48">Cancer Epidemiology Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff49">Centre for Oncology Prevention, CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Oncology Prevention, CPO Piemonte, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wareham, Nicholas J" sort="Wareham, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Wareham N" first="Nicholas J" last="Wareham">Nicholas J. Wareham</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Langenberg, Claudia" sort="Langenberg, Claudia" uniqKey="Langenberg C" first="Claudia" last="Langenberg">Claudia Langenberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scott, Robert" sort="Scott, Robert" uniqKey="Scott R" first="Robert" last="Scott">Robert Scott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Luan, Jian An" sort="Luan, Jian An" uniqKey="Luan J" first="Jian'An" last="Luan">Jian'An Luan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff50">MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bobak, Martin" sort="Bobak, Martin" uniqKey="Bobak M" first="Martin" last="Bobak">Martin Bobak</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malyutina, Sofia" sort="Malyutina, Sofia" uniqKey="Malyutina S" first="Sofia" last="Malyutina">Sofia Malyutina</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff51">Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Novosibirsk</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff52">Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Novosibirsk</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paj K, Andrzej" sort="Paj K, Andrzej" uniqKey="Paj K A" first="Andrzej" last="Paj K">Andrzej Paj K</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff53">Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Krakow</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kubinova, Ruzena" sort="Kubinova, Ruzena" uniqKey="Kubinova R" first="Ruzena" last="Kubinova">Ruzena Kubinova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff54">National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Public Health, Prague</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Prague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Bohême centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tamosiunas, Abdonas" sort="Tamosiunas, Abdonas" uniqKey="Tamosiunas A" first="Abdonas" last="Tamosiunas">Abdonas Tamosiunas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff55">Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kaunas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pikhart, Hynek" sort="Pikhart, Hynek" uniqKey="Pikhart H" first="Hynek" last="Pikhart">Hynek Pikhart</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Husemoen, Lise Lotte Nystrup" sort="Husemoen, Lise Lotte Nystrup" uniqKey="Husemoen L" first="Lise Lotte Nystrup" last="Husemoen">Lise Lotte Nystrup Husemoen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56">Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Capital Region of Denmark</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grarup, Niels" sort="Grarup, Niels" uniqKey="Grarup N" first="Niels" last="Grarup">Niels Grarup</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff57">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Oluf" sort="Pedersen, Oluf" uniqKey="Pedersen O" first="Oluf" last="Pedersen">Oluf Pedersen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff57">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hansen, Torben" sort="Hansen, Torben" uniqKey="Hansen T" first="Torben" last="Hansen">Torben Hansen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff57">Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Linneberg, Allan" sort="Linneberg, Allan" uniqKey="Linneberg A" first="Allan" last="Linneberg">Allan Linneberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56">Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Capital Region of Denmark</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff58">Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff59">Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Kenneth Starup" sort="Simonsen, Kenneth Starup" uniqKey="Simonsen K" first="Kenneth Starup" last="Simonsen">Kenneth Starup Simonsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff56">Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Capital Region of Denmark</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cooper, Jackie" sort="Cooper, Jackie" uniqKey="Cooper J" first="Jackie" last="Cooper">Jackie Cooper</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Humphries, Steve E" sort="Humphries, Steve E" uniqKey="Humphries S" first="Steve E" last="Humphries">Steve E. Humphries</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brilliant, Murray" sort="Brilliant, Murray" uniqKey="Brilliant M" first="Murray" last="Brilliant">Murray Brilliant</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff60">Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kitchner, Terrie" sort="Kitchner, Terrie" uniqKey="Kitchner T" first="Terrie" last="Kitchner">Terrie Kitchner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff60">Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hakonarson, Hakon" sort="Hakonarson, Hakon" uniqKey="Hakonarson H" first="Hakon" last="Hakonarson">Hakon Hakonarson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff61">Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carrell, David S" sort="Carrell, David S" uniqKey="Carrell D" first="David S" last="Carrell">David S. Carrell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff62">Group Health Research Institute in Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Group Health Research Institute in Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccarty, Catherine A" sort="Mccarty, Catherine A" uniqKey="Mccarty C" first="Catherine A" last="Mccarty">Catherine A. Mccarty</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff63">Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, MN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kirchner, H Lester" sort="Kirchner, H Lester" uniqKey="Kirchner H" first="H Lester" last="Kirchner">H Lester Kirchner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff64">Center for Health Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Health Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larson, Eric B" sort="Larson, Eric B" uniqKey="Larson E" first="Eric B" last="Larson">Eric B. Larson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff65">Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crosslin, David R" sort="Crosslin, David R" uniqKey="Crosslin D" first="David R" last="Crosslin">David R. Crosslin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff65">Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Andrade, Mariza" sort="De Andrade, Mariza" uniqKey="De Andrade M" first="Mariza" last="De Andrade">Mariza De Andrade</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff66">Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roden, Dan M" sort="Roden, Dan M" uniqKey="Roden D" first="Dan M" last="Roden">Dan M. Roden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff67">Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Denny, Joshua C" sort="Denny, Joshua C" uniqKey="Denny J" first="Joshua C" last="Denny">Joshua C. Denny</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff68">Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carty, Cara" sort="Carty, Cara" uniqKey="Carty C" first="Cara" last="Carty">Cara Carty</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff69">George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>George Washington University, Washington, DC</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hancock, Stephen" sort="Hancock, Stephen" uniqKey="Hancock S" first="Stephen" last="Hancock">Stephen Hancock</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff70">University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Attia, John" sort="Attia, John" uniqKey="Attia J" first="John" last="Attia">John Attia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff70">University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holliday, Elizabeth" sort="Holliday, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Holliday E" first="Elizabeth" last="Holliday">Elizabeth Holliday</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff70">University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Donnell, Martin" sort="O Donnell, Martin" uniqKey="O Donnell M" first="Martin" last="O'Donnell">Martin O'Donnell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff71">Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yusuf, Salim" sort="Yusuf, Salim" uniqKey="Yusuf S" first="Salim" last="Yusuf">Salim Yusuf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff71">Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chong, Michael" sort="Chong, Michael" uniqKey="Chong M" first="Michael" last="Chong">Michael Chong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff71">Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pare, Guillaume" sort="Pare, Guillaume" uniqKey="Pare G" first="Guillaume" last="Pare">Guillaume Pare</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff71">Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Harst, Pim" sort="Van Der Harst, Pim" uniqKey="Van Der Harst P" first="Pim" last="Van Der Harst">Pim Van Der Harst</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff72">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff73">Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Said, M Abdullah" sort="Said, M Abdullah" uniqKey="Said M" first="M Abdullah" last="Said">M Abdullah Said</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff72">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eppinga, Ruben N" sort="Eppinga, Ruben N" uniqKey="Eppinga R" first="Ruben N" last="Eppinga">Ruben N. Eppinga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff72">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Verweij, Niek" sort="Verweij, Niek" uniqKey="Verweij N" first="Niek" last="Verweij">Niek Verweij</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff72">Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Snieder, Harold" sort="Snieder, Harold" uniqKey="Snieder H" first="Harold" last="Snieder">Harold Snieder</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff74">Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Christen, Tim" sort="Christen, Tim" uniqKey="Christen T" first="Tim" last="Christen">Tim Christen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff75">Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" sort="Mook Kanamori, Dennis O" uniqKey="Mook Kanamori D" first="Dennis O" last="Mook-Kanamori">Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff75">Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gustafsson, Stefan" sort="Gustafsson, Stefan" uniqKey="Gustafsson S" first="Stefan" last="Gustafsson">Stefan Gustafsson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff76">Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lind, Lars" sort="Lind, Lars" uniqKey="Lind L" first="Lars" last="Lind">Lars Lind</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff76">Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ingelsson, Erik" sort="Ingelsson, Erik" uniqKey="Ingelsson E" first="Erik" last="Ingelsson">Erik Ingelsson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff76">Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff77">Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff78">Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pazoki, Raha" sort="Pazoki, Raha" uniqKey="Pazoki R" first="Raha" last="Pazoki">Raha Pazoki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff79">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franco, Oscar" sort="Franco, Oscar" uniqKey="Franco O" first="Oscar" last="Franco">Oscar Franco</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff79">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hofman, Albert" sort="Hofman, Albert" uniqKey="Hofman A" first="Albert" last="Hofman">Albert Hofman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff79">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uitterlinden, Andre" sort="Uitterlinden, Andre" uniqKey="Uitterlinden A" first="Andre" last="Uitterlinden">Andre Uitterlinden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff80">Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dehghan, Abbas" sort="Dehghan, Abbas" uniqKey="Dehghan A" first="Abbas" last="Dehghan">Abbas Dehghan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff79">Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teumer, Alexander" sort="Teumer, Alexander" uniqKey="Teumer A" first="Alexander" last="Teumer">Alexander Teumer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff81">Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff85">German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baumeister, Sebastian" sort="Baumeister, Sebastian" uniqKey="Baumeister S" first="Sebastian" last="Baumeister">Sebastian Baumeister</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff81">Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff86">Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Regensburg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dorr, Marcus" sort="Dorr, Marcus" uniqKey="Dorr M" first="Marcus" last="Dörr">Marcus Dörr</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff82">Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff85">German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lerch, Markus M" sort="Lerch, Markus M" uniqKey="Lerch M" first="Markus M" last="Lerch">Markus M. Lerch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff83">Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Volker, Uwe" sort="Volker, Uwe" uniqKey="Volker U" first="Uwe" last="Völker">Uwe Völker</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff84">Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff85">German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Volzke, Henry" sort="Volzke, Henry" uniqKey="Volzke H" first="Henry" last="Völzke">Henry Völzke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff81">Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff85">German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ward, Joey" sort="Ward, Joey" uniqKey="Ward J" first="Joey" last="Ward">Joey Ward</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pell, Jill P" sort="Pell, Jill P" uniqKey="Pell J" first="Jill P" last="Pell">Jill P. Pell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Daniel J" sort="Smith, Daniel J" uniqKey="Smith D" first="Daniel J" last="Smith">Daniel J. Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meade, Tom" sort="Meade, Tom" uniqKey="Meade T" first="Tom" last="Meade">Tom Meade</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff87">Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maitland Van Der Zee, Anke H" sort="Maitland Van Der Zee, Anke H" uniqKey="Maitland Van Der Zee A" first="Anke H" last="Maitland-Van Der Zee">Anke H. Maitland-Van Der Zee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff27">Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Academic Medical Center Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff88">Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
<settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baranova, Ekaterina V" sort="Baranova, Ekaterina V" uniqKey="Baranova E" first="Ekaterina V" last="Baranova">Ekaterina V. Baranova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff88">Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
<settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Young, Robin" sort="Young, Robin" uniqKey="Young R" first="Robin" last="Young">Robin Young</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ford, Ian" sort="Ford, Ian" uniqKey="Ford I" first="Ian" last="Ford">Ian Ford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, Archie" sort="Campbell, Archie" uniqKey="Campbell A" first="Archie" last="Campbell">Archie Campbell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff40">Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Padmanabhan, Sandosh" sort="Padmanabhan, Sandosh" uniqKey="Padmanabhan S" first="Sandosh" last="Padmanabhan">Sandosh Padmanabhan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bots, Michiel L" sort="Bots, Michiel L" uniqKey="Bots M" first="Michiel L" last="Bots">Michiel L. Bots</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grobbee, Diederick E" sort="Grobbee, Diederick E" uniqKey="Grobbee D" first="Diederick E" last="Grobbee">Diederick E. Grobbee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Froguel, Philippe" sort="Froguel, Philippe" uniqKey="Froguel P" first="Philippe" last="Froguel">Philippe Froguel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff89">CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thuillier, Dorothee" sort="Thuillier, Dorothee" uniqKey="Thuillier D" first="Dorothée" last="Thuillier">Dorothée Thuillier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff89">CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balkau, Beverley" sort="Balkau, Beverley" uniqKey="Balkau B" first="Beverley" last="Balkau">Beverley Balkau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff90">Renal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), INSERM U1018, Villejuif, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>Villejuif</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Villejuif</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bonnefond, Amelie" sort="Bonnefond, Amelie" uniqKey="Bonnefond A" first="Amélie" last="Bonnefond">Amélie Bonnefond</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff89">CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
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<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff91">I'institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, University of Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>I'institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, University of Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Pays de la Loire</region>
<region type="old region">Pays de la Loire</region>
<settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smart, Melissa" sort="Smart, Melissa" uniqKey="Smart M" first="Melissa" last="Smart">Melissa Smart</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff92">Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essex</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bao, Yanchun" sort="Bao, Yanchun" uniqKey="Bao Y" first="Yanchun" last="Bao">Yanchun Bao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff92">Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essex</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumari, Meena" sort="Kumari, Meena" uniqKey="Kumari M" first="Meena" last="Kumari">Meena Kumari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff92">Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essex</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahajan, Anubha" sort="Mahajan, Anubha" uniqKey="Mahajan A" first="Anubha" last="Mahajan">Anubha Mahajan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ridker, Paul M" sort="Ridker, Paul M" uniqKey="Ridker P" first="Paul M" last="Ridker">Paul M. Ridker</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff93">Harvard Medical School Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Harvard Medical School Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chasman, Daniel I" sort="Chasman, Daniel I" uniqKey="Chasman D" first="Daniel I" last="Chasman">Daniel I. Chasman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff93">Harvard Medical School Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Harvard Medical School Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reiner, Alex P" sort="Reiner, Alex P" uniqKey="Reiner A" first="Alex P" last="Reiner">Alex P. Reiner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff94">Department of Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
<settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lange, Leslie A" sort="Lange, Leslie A" uniqKey="Lange L" first="Leslie A" last="Lange">Leslie A. Lange</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff95">Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ritchie, Marylyn D" sort="Ritchie, Marylyn D" uniqKey="Ritchie M" first="Marylyn D" last="Ritchie">Marylyn D. Ritchie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff96">Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff97">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
<settlement type="city">University Park (Pennsylvanie)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'État de Pennsylvanie</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Asselbergs, Folkert W" sort="Asselbergs, Folkert W" uniqKey="Asselbergs F" first="Folkert W" last="Asselbergs">Folkert W. Asselbergs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff24">Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff44">Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff45">Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Casas, Juan Pablo" sort="Casas, Juan Pablo" uniqKey="Casas J" first="Juan-Pablo" last="Casas">Juan-Pablo Casas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Keating, Brendan J" sort="Keating, Brendan J" uniqKey="Keating B" first="Brendan J" last="Keating">Brendan J. Keating</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff98">Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Preiss, David" sort="Preiss, David" uniqKey="Preiss D" first="David" last="Preiss">David Preiss</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hingorani, Aroon D" sort="Hingorani, Aroon D" uniqKey="Hingorani A" first="Aroon D" last="Hingorani">Aroon D. Hingorani</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sattar, Naveed" sort="Sattar, Naveed" uniqKey="Sattar N" first="Naveed" last="Sattar">Naveed Sattar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Glasgow</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Glasgow</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2213-8587</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2213-8595</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Summary</title>
<sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Statin treatment and variants in the gene encoding HMG-CoA reductase are associated with reductions in both the concentration of LDL cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease, but also with modest hyperglycaemia, increased bodyweight, and modestly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, which in no way offsets their substantial benefits. We sought to investigate the associations of LDL cholesterol-lowering <italic>PCSK9</italic>
 variants with type 2 diabetes and related biomarkers to gauge the likely effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on diabetes risk.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>In this mendelian randomisation study, we used data from cohort studies, randomised controlled trials, case control studies, and genetic consortia to estimate associations of <italic>PCSK9</italic>
 genetic variants with LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, HbA<sub>1c</sub>
, fasting insulin, bodyweight, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, and risk of type 2 diabetes, using a standardised analysis plan, meta-analyses, and weighted gene-centric scores.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Findings</title>
<p>Data were available for more than 550 000 individuals and 51 623 cases of type 2 diabetes. Combined analyses of four independent <italic>PCSK9</italic>
 variants (rs11583680, rs11591147, rs2479409, and rs11206510) scaled to 1 mmol/L lower LDL cholesterol showed associations with increased fasting glucose (0·09 mmol/L, 95% CI 0·02 to 0·15), bodyweight (1·03 kg, 0·24 to 1·82), waist-to-hip ratio (0·006, 0·003 to 0·010), and an odds ratio for type diabetes of 1·29 (1·11 to 1·50). Based on the collected data, we did not identify associations with HbA<sub>1c</sub>
 (0·03%, −0·01 to 0·08), fasting insulin (0·00%, −0·06 to 0·07), and BMI (0·11 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
, −0·09 to 0·30).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Interpretation</title>
<p><italic>PCSK9</italic>
 variants associated with lower LDL cholesterol were also associated with circulating higher fasting glucose concentration, bodyweight, and waist-to-hip ratio, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In trials of PCSK9 inhibitor drugs, investigators should carefully assess these safety outcomes and quantify the risks and benefits of PCSK9 inhibitor treatment, as was previously done for statins.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Funding</title>
<p>British Heart Foundation, and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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	Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie
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Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

PCSK9 genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study

PCSK9 genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study

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