Pollen-based continental climate reconstructions at 6 and 21 ka: a global synthesis
Identifieur interne : 006C30 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 006C29; suivant : 006C31Pollen-based continental climate reconstructions at 6 and 21 ka: a global synthesis
Auteurs : P. J. Bartlein [États-Unis] ; S. P. Harrison [Royaume-Uni, Australie] ; S. Brewer [États-Unis] ; S. Connor [Portugal] ; B. A. S. Davis [Suisse] ; K. Gajewski [Canada] ; J. Guiot [France] ; T. I. Harrison-Prentice [Indonésie] ; A. Henderson [États-Unis] ; O. Peyron [France] ; I. C. Prentice [Australie, Royaume-Uni] ; M. Scholze [Royaume-Uni] ; H. Sepp [Finlande] ; B. Shuman [États-Unis] ; S. Sugita [Estonie] ; R. S. Thompson [États-Unis] ; A. E. Viau [Canada] ; J. Williams [États-Unis] ; H. Wu [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Climate dynamics [ 0930-7575 ] ; 2011.
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- Pascal (Inist)
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Abstract
Subfossil pollen and plant macrofossil data derived from 14C-dated sediment profiles can provide quantitative information on glacial and interglacial climates. The data allow climate variables related to growing-season warmth, winter cold, and plant-available moisture to be reconstructed. Continental-scale reconstructions have been made for the mid-Holocene (MH, around 6 ka) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, around 21 ka), allowing comparison with palaeoclimate simulations currently being carried out as part of the fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The synthesis of the available MH and LGM climate reconstructions and their uncertainties, obtained using modern-analogue, regression and model-inversion techniques, is presented for four temperature variables and two moisture variables. Reconstructions of the same variables based on surface-pollen assemblages are shown to be accurate and unbiased. Reconstructed LGM and MH climate anomaly patterns are coherent, consistent between variables, and robust with respect to the choice of technique. They support a conceptual model of the controls of Late Quaternary climate change whereby the first-order effects of orbital variations and greenhouse forcing on the seasonal cycle of temperature are predictably modified by responses of the atmospheric circulation and surface energy balance.
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Pollen-based continental climate reconstructions at 6 and 21 ka: a global synthesis</title><author><name sortKey="Bartlein, P J" sort="Bartlein, P J" uniqKey="Bartlein P" first="P. J." last="Bartlein">P. J. Bartlein</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Geography, University of Oregon</s1><s2>Eugene, Oregon</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harrison, S P" sort="Harrison, S P" uniqKey="Harrison S" first="S. P." last="Harrison">S. P. Harrison</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol</s1><s2>Bristol</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University</s1><s2>North Ryde, NSW 2109</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>North Ryde, NSW 2109</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brewer, S" sort="Brewer, S" uniqKey="Brewer S" first="S." last="Brewer">S. Brewer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Botany Department, University of Wyoming</s1><s2>Wyoming 82071</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Wyoming 82071</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Connor, S" sort="Connor, S" uniqKey="Connor S" first="S." last="Connor">S. Connor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of the Algarve, Campus de Gambelas</s1><s2>8005-139 Faro</s2><s3>PRT</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Portugal</country><wicri:noRegion>8005-139 Faro</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, B A S" sort="Davis, B A S" uniqKey="Davis B" first="B. A. S." last="Davis">B. A. S. Davis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne</s1><s2>1015 Lausanne</s2><s3>CHE</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Suisse</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gajewski, K" sort="Gajewski, K" uniqKey="Gajewski K" first="K." last="Gajewski">K. Gajewski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Geography, University of Ottawa</s1><s2>Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guiot, J" sort="Guiot, J" uniqKey="Guiot J" first="J." last="Guiot">J. Guiot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>CEREGE, BP 80</s1><s2>13545 Aix-en-Provence</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>13545 Aix-en-Provence</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>BP 80</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>13545 Aix-en-Provence</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harrison Prentice, T I" sort="Harrison Prentice, T I" uniqKey="Harrison Prentice T" first="T. I." last="Harrison-Prentice">T. I. Harrison-Prentice</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>GTZ, PAKLIM, Jl. D. I. Panjaitan Kav 24</s1><s2>Jakarta 13410</s2><s3>IDN</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Indonésie</country><wicri:noRegion>Jakarta 13410</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henderson, A" sort="Henderson, A" uniqKey="Henderson A" first="A." last="Henderson">A. Henderson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota</s1><s2>Minneapolis, MN 55455</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Minneapolis, MN 55455</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peyron, O" sort="Peyron, O" uniqKey="Peyron O" first="O." last="Peyron">O. Peyron</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 CNRS-UFC UFR Sciences et Techniques</s1><s2>Besançon</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</region><region type="old region">Franche-Comté</region><settlement type="city">Besançon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prentice, I C" sort="Prentice, I C" uniqKey="Prentice I" first="I. C." last="Prentice">I. C. Prentice</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University</s1><s2>North Ryde, NSW 2109</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>North Ryde, NSW 2109</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>QUEST, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol</s1><s2>Bristol</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scholze, M" sort="Scholze, M" uniqKey="Scholze M" first="M." last="Scholze">M. Scholze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>QUEST, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol</s1><s2>Bristol</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sepp, H" sort="Sepp, H" uniqKey="Sepp H" first="H." last="Sepp">H. Sepp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Geology, University of Helsinki. P.O. Box 65</s1><s2>00014 Helsinki</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Finlande</country><wicri:noRegion>00014 Helsinki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuman, B" sort="Shuman, B" uniqKey="Shuman B" first="B." last="Shuman">B. Shuman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming</s1><s2>Laramie, WY 82071</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Laramie, WY 82071</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sugita, S" sort="Sugita, S" uniqKey="Sugita S" first="S." last="Sugita">S. Sugita</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University</s1><s2>Tallinn</s2><s3>EST</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Estonie</country><wicri:noRegion>Tallinn</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R S" sort="Thompson, R S" uniqKey="Thompson R" first="R. S." last="Thompson">R. S. Thompson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>US Geological Survey. PO Box 25046, MS 919</s1><s2>Denver, CO</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Denver, CO</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viau, A E" sort="Viau, A E" uniqKey="Viau A" first="A. E." last="Viau">A. E. Viau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Geography, University of Ottawa</s1><s2>Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, J" sort="Williams, J" uniqKey="Williams J" first="J." last="Williams">J. Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin</s1><s2>Madison, WI 53706</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Madison, WI 53706</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, H" sort="Wu, H" uniqKey="Wu H" first="H." last="Wu">H. Wu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics. Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100029</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">12-0119085</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 12-0119085 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:12-0119085</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">001556</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">004956</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">001779</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001779</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0930-7575:2011:Bartlein P:pollen:based:continental</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">006C30</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Pollen-based continental climate reconstructions at 6 and 21 ka: a global synthesis</title><author><name sortKey="Bartlein, P J" sort="Bartlein, P J" uniqKey="Bartlein P" first="P. J." last="Bartlein">P. J. Bartlein</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Geography, University of Oregon</s1><s2>Eugene, Oregon</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harrison, S P" sort="Harrison, S P" uniqKey="Harrison S" first="S. P." last="Harrison">S. P. Harrison</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol</s1><s2>Bristol</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University</s1><s2>North Ryde, NSW 2109</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>North Ryde, NSW 2109</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brewer, S" sort="Brewer, S" uniqKey="Brewer S" first="S." last="Brewer">S. Brewer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Botany Department, University of Wyoming</s1><s2>Wyoming 82071</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Wyoming 82071</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Connor, S" sort="Connor, S" uniqKey="Connor S" first="S." last="Connor">S. Connor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of the Algarve, Campus de Gambelas</s1><s2>8005-139 Faro</s2><s3>PRT</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Portugal</country><wicri:noRegion>8005-139 Faro</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, B A S" sort="Davis, B A S" uniqKey="Davis B" first="B. A. S." last="Davis">B. A. S. Davis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne</s1><s2>1015 Lausanne</s2><s3>CHE</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Suisse</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gajewski, K" sort="Gajewski, K" uniqKey="Gajewski K" first="K." last="Gajewski">K. Gajewski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Geography, University of Ottawa</s1><s2>Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guiot, J" sort="Guiot, J" uniqKey="Guiot J" first="J." last="Guiot">J. Guiot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>CEREGE, BP 80</s1><s2>13545 Aix-en-Provence</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>13545 Aix-en-Provence</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>BP 80</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>13545 Aix-en-Provence</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harrison Prentice, T I" sort="Harrison Prentice, T I" uniqKey="Harrison Prentice T" first="T. I." last="Harrison-Prentice">T. I. Harrison-Prentice</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>GTZ, PAKLIM, Jl. D. I. Panjaitan Kav 24</s1><s2>Jakarta 13410</s2><s3>IDN</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Indonésie</country><wicri:noRegion>Jakarta 13410</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henderson, A" sort="Henderson, A" uniqKey="Henderson A" first="A." last="Henderson">A. Henderson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota</s1><s2>Minneapolis, MN 55455</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Minneapolis, MN 55455</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peyron, O" sort="Peyron, O" uniqKey="Peyron O" first="O." last="Peyron">O. Peyron</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 CNRS-UFC UFR Sciences et Techniques</s1><s2>Besançon</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</region><region type="old region">Franche-Comté</region><settlement type="city">Besançon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prentice, I C" sort="Prentice, I C" uniqKey="Prentice I" first="I. C." last="Prentice">I. C. Prentice</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University</s1><s2>North Ryde, NSW 2109</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>North Ryde, NSW 2109</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>QUEST, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol</s1><s2>Bristol</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scholze, M" sort="Scholze, M" uniqKey="Scholze M" first="M." last="Scholze">M. Scholze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>QUEST, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol</s1><s2>Bristol</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Bristol</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sepp, H" sort="Sepp, H" uniqKey="Sepp H" first="H." last="Sepp">H. Sepp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Geology, University of Helsinki. P.O. Box 65</s1><s2>00014 Helsinki</s2><s3>FIN</s3><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Finlande</country><wicri:noRegion>00014 Helsinki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shuman, B" sort="Shuman, B" uniqKey="Shuman B" first="B." last="Shuman">B. Shuman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming</s1><s2>Laramie, WY 82071</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Laramie, WY 82071</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sugita, S" sort="Sugita, S" uniqKey="Sugita S" first="S." last="Sugita">S. Sugita</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University</s1><s2>Tallinn</s2><s3>EST</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Estonie</country><wicri:noRegion>Tallinn</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, R S" sort="Thompson, R S" uniqKey="Thompson R" first="R. S." last="Thompson">R. S. Thompson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>US Geological Survey. PO Box 25046, MS 919</s1><s2>Denver, CO</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Denver, CO</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viau, A E" sort="Viau, A E" uniqKey="Viau A" first="A. E." last="Viau">A. E. Viau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Geography, University of Ottawa</s1><s2>Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, J" sort="Williams, J" uniqKey="Williams J" first="J." last="Williams">J. Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin</s1><s2>Madison, WI 53706</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Madison, WI 53706</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, H" sort="Wu, H" uniqKey="Wu H" first="H." last="Wu">H. Wu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics. Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100029</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Climate dynamics</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Clim. dyn.</title><idno type="ISSN">0930-7575</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Climate dynamics</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Clim. dyn.</title><idno type="ISSN">0930-7575</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>biostratigraphy</term><term>glacial periods</term><term>global</term><term>middle Holocene</term><term>paleobotany</term><term>paleoclimate</term><term>pollen</term><term>pollen analysis</term><term>upper Pleistocene</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Pollen</term><term>Paléoclimat</term><term>Pléistocène sup</term><term>Période glaciaire</term><term>Holocène moyen</term><term>Biostratigraphie</term><term>Paléobotanique</term><term>Monde</term><term>Analyse pollinique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Subfossil pollen and plant macrofossil data derived from <sup>14</sup>C-dated sediment profiles can provide quantitative information on glacial and interglacial climates. The data allow climate variables related to growing-season warmth, winter cold, and plant-available moisture to be reconstructed. Continental-scale reconstructions have been made for the mid-Holocene (MH, around 6 ka) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, around 21 ka), allowing comparison with palaeoclimate simulations currently being carried out as part of the fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The synthesis of the available MH and LGM climate reconstructions and their uncertainties, obtained using modern-analogue, regression and model-inversion techniques, is presented for four temperature variables and two moisture variables. Reconstructions of the same variables based on surface-pollen assemblages are shown to be accurate and unbiased. Reconstructed LGM and MH climate anomaly patterns are coherent, consistent between variables, and robust with respect to the choice of technique. They support a conceptual model of the controls of Late Quaternary climate change whereby the first-order effects of orbital variations and greenhouse forcing on the seasonal cycle of temperature are predictably modified by responses of the atmospheric circulation and surface energy balance.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Canada</li><li>Estonie</li><li>Finlande</li><li>France</li><li>Indonésie</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Suisse</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</li><li>Canton de Vaud</li><li>Franche-Comté</li><li>Oregon</li></region><settlement><li>Besançon</li><li>Lausanne</li><li>Pékin</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Oregon"><name sortKey="Bartlein, P J" sort="Bartlein, P J" uniqKey="Bartlein P" first="P. J." last="Bartlein">P. J. Bartlein</name></region><name sortKey="Brewer, S" sort="Brewer, S" uniqKey="Brewer S" first="S." last="Brewer">S. Brewer</name><name sortKey="Henderson, A" sort="Henderson, A" uniqKey="Henderson A" first="A." last="Henderson">A. Henderson</name><name sortKey="Shuman, B" sort="Shuman, B" uniqKey="Shuman B" first="B." last="Shuman">B. Shuman</name><name sortKey="Thompson, R S" sort="Thompson, R S" uniqKey="Thompson R" first="R. S." last="Thompson">R. S. Thompson</name><name sortKey="Williams, J" sort="Williams, J" uniqKey="Williams J" first="J." last="Williams">J. Williams</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Harrison, S P" sort="Harrison, S P" uniqKey="Harrison S" first="S. P." last="Harrison">S. P. Harrison</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Prentice, I C" sort="Prentice, I C" uniqKey="Prentice I" first="I. C." last="Prentice">I. C. Prentice</name><name sortKey="Scholze, M" sort="Scholze, M" uniqKey="Scholze M" first="M." last="Scholze">M. Scholze</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Harrison, S P" sort="Harrison, S P" uniqKey="Harrison S" first="S. P." last="Harrison">S. P. Harrison</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Prentice, I C" sort="Prentice, I C" uniqKey="Prentice I" first="I. C." last="Prentice">I. C. Prentice</name></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Connor, S" sort="Connor, S" uniqKey="Connor S" first="S." last="Connor">S. Connor</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Vaud"><name sortKey="Davis, B A S" sort="Davis, B A S" uniqKey="Davis B" first="B. A. S." last="Davis">B. A. S. Davis</name></region></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gajewski, K" sort="Gajewski, K" uniqKey="Gajewski K" first="K." last="Gajewski">K. Gajewski</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Viau, A E" sort="Viau, A E" uniqKey="Viau A" first="A. E." last="Viau">A. E. Viau</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Guiot, J" sort="Guiot, J" uniqKey="Guiot J" first="J." last="Guiot">J. Guiot</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Peyron, O" sort="Peyron, O" uniqKey="Peyron O" first="O." last="Peyron">O. Peyron</name></country><country name="Indonésie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Harrison Prentice, T I" sort="Harrison Prentice, T I" uniqKey="Harrison Prentice T" first="T. I." last="Harrison-Prentice">T. I. Harrison-Prentice</name></noRegion></country><country name="Finlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sepp, H" sort="Sepp, H" uniqKey="Sepp H" first="H." last="Sepp">H. Sepp</name></noRegion></country><country name="Estonie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sugita, S" sort="Sugita, S" uniqKey="Sugita S" first="S." last="Sugita">S. Sugita</name></noRegion></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wu, H" sort="Wu, H" uniqKey="Wu H" first="H." last="Wu">H. 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