Global CO2 fluxes inferred from surface air-sample measurements and from TCCON retrievals of the CO2 total column
Identifieur interne : 006A72 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 006A71; suivant : 006A73Global CO2 fluxes inferred from surface air-sample measurements and from TCCON retrievals of the CO2 total column
Auteurs : F. Chevallier [France] ; N. M. Deutscher [Allemagne, Australie] ; T. J. Conway [États-Unis] ; P. Ciais [France] ; L. Ciattaglia [Italie] ; S. Dohe [Allemagne] ; M. Fröhlich [Autriche] ; A. J. Gomez-Pelaez [Espagne] ; D. Griffith [Australie] ; F. Hase [Allemagne] ; L. Haszpra [Hongrie] ; P. Krummel [Australie] ; E. Kyrö [Finlande] ; C. Labuschagne [Afrique du Sud] ; R. Langenfelds [Australie] ; T. Machida [Japon] ; F. Maignan [France] ; H. Matsueda [Japon] ; I. Morino [Japon] ; J. Notholt [Allemagne] ; M. Ramonet [France] ; Y. Sawa [Japon] ; M. Schmidt [France] ; V. Sherlock [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; P. Steele [Australie] ; K. Strong [Canada] ; R. Sussmann [Allemagne] ; P. Wennberg [États-Unis] ; S. Wofsy [États-Unis] ; D. Worthy [Canada] ; D. Wunch [États-Unis] ; M. Zimnoch [Pologne]Source :
- Geophysical research letters [ 0094-8276 ] ; 2011.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- topic : Carbone.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
[1] We present the first estimate of the global distribution of CO2 surface fluxes from 14 stations of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The evaluation of this inversion is based on 1) comparison with the fluxes from a classical inversion of surface air-sample-measurements, and 2) comparison of CO2 mixing ratios calculated from the inverted fluxes with independent aircraft measurements made during the two years analyzed here, 2009 and 2010. The former test shows similar seasonal cycles in the northern hemisphere and consistent regional carbon budgets between inversions from the two datasets, even though the TCCON inversion appears to be less precise than the classical inversion. The latter test confirms that the TCCON inversion has improved the quality (i.e., reduced the uncertainty) of the surface fluxes compared to the assumed or prior fluxes. The consistency between the surface-air-sample-based and the TCCON-based inversions despite remaining flaws in transport models opens the possibility of increased accuracy and robustness of flux inversions based on the combination of both data sources and confirms the usefulness of space-borne monitoring of the CO2 column.
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Allemagne, Australie, Autriche, Canada, Espagne, Finlande, France, Hongrie, Italie, Japon, Nouvelle-Zélande, Pologne, États-Unis
- Brême (Land), Californie, Colorado, Hongrie centrale, Latium, Massachusetts, Ontario, Vienne (Autriche), Île-de-France
- Brême, Budapest, Cambridge (Massachusetts), Gif-sur-Yvette, Rome, Toronto, Vienne (Autriche)
- Université Harvard, Université de Toronto
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Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Morino, I" sort="Morino, I" uniqKey="Morino I" first="I." last="Morino">I. Morino</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ramonet, M" sort="Ramonet, M" uniqKey="Ramonet M" first="M." last="Ramonet">M. Ramonet</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sawa, Y" sort="Sawa, Y" uniqKey="Sawa Y" first="Y." last="Sawa">Y. Sawa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Meteorological Research Institute</s1>
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<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, M" sort="Schmidt, M" uniqKey="Schmidt M" first="M." last="Schmidt">M. Schmidt</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Strong, K" sort="Strong, K" uniqKey="Strong K" first="K." last="Strong">K. Strong</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Worthy, D" sort="Worthy, D" uniqKey="Worthy D" first="D." last="Worthy">D. Worthy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="20"><s1>Environment Canada</s1>
<s2>Downsview, Ontario</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
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<wicri:noRegion>Environment Canada</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology</s1>
<s2>Pasadena, California</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="21"><s1>Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology</s1>
<s2>Krakow</s2>
<s3>POL</s3>
<sZ>32 aut.</sZ>
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<country>Pologne</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Krakow</wicri:noRegion>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Global CO<sub>2 </sub>
fluxes inferred from surface air-sample measurements and from TCCON retrievals of the CO<sub>2</sub>
total column</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chevallier, F" sort="Chevallier, F" uniqKey="Chevallier F" first="F." last="Chevallier">F. Chevallier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ</s1>
<s2>Gif-sur-Yvette</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>17 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>21 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Gif-sur-Yvette</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deutscher, N M" sort="Deutscher, N M" uniqKey="Deutscher N" first="N. M." last="Deutscher">N. M. Deutscher</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen</s1>
<s2>Bremen</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>20 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Brême (Land)</region>
<settlement type="city">Brême</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong</s1>
<s2>New South Wales</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>New South Wales</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Conway, T J" sort="Conway, T J" uniqKey="Conway T" first="T. J." last="Conway">T. J. Conway</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA</s1>
<s2>Boulder, Colorado</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ciais, P" sort="Ciais, P" uniqKey="Ciais P" first="P." last="Ciais">P. Ciais</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ</s1>
<s2>Gif-sur-Yvette</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>17 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>21 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Gif-sur-Yvette</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ciattaglia, L" sort="Ciattaglia, L" uniqKey="Ciattaglia L" first="L." last="Ciattaglia">L. Ciattaglia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>ICES, CNR-IDAC</s1>
<s2>Rome</s2>
<s3>ITA</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Italie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dohe, S" sort="Dohe, S" uniqKey="Dohe S" first="S." last="Dohe">S. Dohe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</s1>
<s2>Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frohlich, M" sort="Frohlich, M" uniqKey="Frohlich M" first="M." last="Fröhlich">M. Fröhlich</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Umweltbundesamt GmbH</s1>
<s2>Vienna</s2>
<s3>AUT</s3>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Autriche</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gomez Pelaez, A J" sort="Gomez Pelaez, A J" uniqKey="Gomez Pelaez A" first="A. J." last="Gomez-Pelaez">A. J. Gomez-Pelaez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Meteorological State Agency of Spain</s1>
<s2>Santa Cruz de Tenerife</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Meteorological State Agency of Spain</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Griffith, D" sort="Griffith, D" uniqKey="Griffith D" first="D." last="Griffith">D. Griffith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong</s1>
<s2>New South Wales</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>New South Wales</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hase, F" sort="Hase, F" uniqKey="Hase F" first="F." last="Hase">F. Hase</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</s1>
<s2>Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haszpra, L" sort="Haszpra, L" uniqKey="Haszpra L" first="L." last="Haszpra">L. Haszpra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Hungarian Meteorological Service</s1>
<s2>Budapest</s2>
<s3>HUN</s3>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Hongrie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krummel, P" sort="Krummel, P" uniqKey="Krummel P" first="P." last="Krummel">P. Krummel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>CAWCR, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research</s1>
<s2>Aspendale, Victoria</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Aspendale, Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kyro, E" sort="Kyro, E" uniqKey="Kyro E" first="E." last="Kyrö">E. Kyrö</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Arctic Research Centre, Finnish Meteorological Institute</s1>
<s2>Helsinki</s2>
<s3>FIN</s3>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Finlande</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Labuschagne, C" sort="Labuschagne, C" uniqKey="Labuschagne C" first="C." last="Labuschagne">C. Labuschagne</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>South African Weather Service</s1>
<s2>Stellenbosch</s2>
<s3>ZAF</s3>
<sZ>14 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Afrique du Sud</country>
<wicri:noRegion>South African Weather Service</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Langenfelds, R" sort="Langenfelds, R" uniqKey="Langenfelds R" first="R." last="Langenfelds">R. Langenfelds</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>CAWCR, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research</s1>
<s2>Aspendale, Victoria</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Aspendale, Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Machida, T" sort="Machida, T" uniqKey="Machida T" first="T." last="Machida">T. Machida</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>National Institute for Environmental Studies</s1>
<s2>Tsukuba</s2>
<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>16 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>19 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Japon</country>
<wicri:noRegion>National Institute for Environmental Studies</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maignan, F" sort="Maignan, F" uniqKey="Maignan F" first="F." last="Maignan">F. Maignan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ</s1>
<s2>Gif-sur-Yvette</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>17 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>21 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Gif-sur-Yvette</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matsueda, H" sort="Matsueda, H" uniqKey="Matsueda H" first="H." last="Matsueda">H. Matsueda</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Meteorological Research Institute</s1>
<s2>Tsukuba</s2>
<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>18 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>22 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Japon</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Meteorological Research Institute</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morino, I" sort="Morino, I" uniqKey="Morino I" first="I." last="Morino">I. Morino</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>National Institute for Environmental Studies</s1>
<s2>Tsukuba</s2>
<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>16 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>19 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Japon</country>
<wicri:noRegion>National Institute for Environmental Studies</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Notholt, J" sort="Notholt, J" uniqKey="Notholt J" first="J." last="Notholt">J. Notholt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen</s1>
<s2>Bremen</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>20 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Brême (Land)</region>
<settlement type="city">Brême</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramonet, M" sort="Ramonet, M" uniqKey="Ramonet M" first="M." last="Ramonet">M. Ramonet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ</s1>
<s2>Gif-sur-Yvette</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>17 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>21 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Gif-sur-Yvette</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sawa, Y" sort="Sawa, Y" uniqKey="Sawa Y" first="Y." last="Sawa">Y. Sawa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Meteorological Research Institute</s1>
<s2>Tsukuba</s2>
<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>18 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>22 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Japon</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Meteorological Research Institute</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, M" sort="Schmidt, M" uniqKey="Schmidt M" first="M." last="Schmidt">M. Schmidt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ</s1>
<s2>Gif-sur-Yvette</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>17 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>21 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Gif-sur-Yvette</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sherlock, V" sort="Sherlock, V" uniqKey="Sherlock V" first="V." last="Sherlock">V. Sherlock</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research</s1>
<s2>Wellington</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>24 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:noRegion>National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steele, P" sort="Steele, P" uniqKey="Steele P" first="P." last="Steele">P. Steele</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>CAWCR, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research</s1>
<s2>Aspendale, Victoria</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Aspendale, Victoria</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Strong, K" sort="Strong, K" uniqKey="Strong K" first="K." last="Strong">K. Strong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Department of Physics, University of Toronto</s1>
<s2>Toronto, Ontario</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>26 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sussmann, R" sort="Sussmann, R" uniqKey="Sussmann R" first="R." last="Sussmann">R. Sussmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>IMK-IFU</s1>
<s2>Garmisch-Partenkirchen</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>27 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Garmisch-Partenkirchen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>IMK-IFU</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>IMK-IFU</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wennberg, P" sort="Wennberg, P" uniqKey="Wennberg P" first="P." last="Wennberg">P. Wennberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology</s1>
<s2>Pasadena, California</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>28 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>31 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wofsy, S" sort="Wofsy, S" uniqKey="Wofsy S" first="S." last="Wofsy">S. Wofsy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="19"><s1>Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University</s1>
<s2>Cambridge, Massachusetts</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>29 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
<settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Worthy, D" sort="Worthy, D" uniqKey="Worthy D" first="D." last="Worthy">D. Worthy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="20"><s1>Environment Canada</s1>
<s2>Downsview, Ontario</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>30 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Environment Canada</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wunch, D" sort="Wunch, D" uniqKey="Wunch D" first="D." last="Wunch">D. Wunch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology</s1>
<s2>Pasadena, California</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>28 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>31 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zimnoch, M" sort="Zimnoch, M" uniqKey="Zimnoch M" first="M." last="Zimnoch">M. Zimnoch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="21"><s1>Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology</s1>
<s2>Krakow</s2>
<s3>POL</s3>
<sZ>32 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Pologne</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Krakow</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Geophysical research letters</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Geophys. res. lett.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0094-8276</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Geophysical research letters</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Geophys. res. lett.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0094-8276</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aircraft observation</term>
<term>Carbon dioxide</term>
<term>Comparative study</term>
<term>Consistency</term>
<term>Mixing ratio</term>
<term>Northern Hemisphere</term>
<term>Observational network</term>
<term>Regional scope</term>
<term>accuracy</term>
<term>air</term>
<term>carbon</term>
<term>global</term>
<term>greenhouse gas</term>
<term>inverse problem</term>
<term>models</term>
<term>monitoring</term>
<term>quality</term>
<term>seasonal variations</term>
<term>transport</term>
<term>uncertainties</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Monde</term>
<term>Dioxyde de carbone</term>
<term>Air</term>
<term>Carbone</term>
<term>Réseau observation</term>
<term>Problème inverse</term>
<term>Etude comparative</term>
<term>Rapport mélange</term>
<term>Observation par avion</term>
<term>Variation saisonnière</term>
<term>Hémisphère Nord</term>
<term>Echelon régional</term>
<term>Qualité</term>
<term>Incertitude</term>
<term>Consistance</term>
<term>Transport</term>
<term>Modèle</term>
<term>Précision</term>
<term>Surveillance</term>
<term>Gaz effet serre</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Carbone</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">[1] We present the first estimate of the global distribution of CO<sub>2</sub>
surface fluxes from 14 stations of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The evaluation of this inversion is based on 1) comparison with the fluxes from a classical inversion of surface air-sample-measurements, and 2) comparison of CO<sub>2</sub>
mixing ratios calculated from the inverted fluxes with independent aircraft measurements made during the two years analyzed here, 2009 and 2010. The former test shows similar seasonal cycles in the northern hemisphere and consistent regional carbon budgets between inversions from the two datasets, even though the TCCON inversion appears to be less precise than the classical inversion. The latter test confirms that the TCCON inversion has improved the quality (i.e., reduced the uncertainty) of the surface fluxes compared to the assumed or prior fluxes. The consistency between the surface-air-sample-based and the TCCON-based inversions despite remaining flaws in transport models opens the possibility of increased accuracy and robustness of flux inversions based on the combination of both data sources and confirms the usefulness of space-borne monitoring of the CO<sub>2 </sub>
column.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li>
<li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Autriche</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>Espagne</li>
<li>Finlande</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Hongrie</li>
<li>Italie</li>
<li>Japon</li>
<li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li>
<li>Pologne</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Brême (Land)</li>
<li>Californie</li>
<li>Colorado</li>
<li>Hongrie centrale</li>
<li>Latium</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
<li>Ontario</li>
<li>Vienne (Autriche)</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Brême</li>
<li>Budapest</li>
<li>Cambridge (Massachusetts)</li>
<li>Gif-sur-Yvette</li>
<li>Rome</li>
<li>Toronto</li>
<li>Vienne (Autriche)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université Harvard</li>
<li>Université de Toronto</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Chevallier, F" sort="Chevallier, F" uniqKey="Chevallier F" first="F." last="Chevallier">F. Chevallier</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Ciais, P" sort="Ciais, P" uniqKey="Ciais P" first="P." last="Ciais">P. Ciais</name>
<name sortKey="Maignan, F" sort="Maignan, F" uniqKey="Maignan F" first="F." last="Maignan">F. Maignan</name>
<name sortKey="Ramonet, M" sort="Ramonet, M" uniqKey="Ramonet M" first="M." last="Ramonet">M. Ramonet</name>
<name sortKey="Schmidt, M" sort="Schmidt, M" uniqKey="Schmidt M" first="M." last="Schmidt">M. Schmidt</name>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne"><region name="Brême (Land)"><name sortKey="Deutscher, N M" sort="Deutscher, N M" uniqKey="Deutscher N" first="N. M." last="Deutscher">N. M. Deutscher</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Dohe, S" sort="Dohe, S" uniqKey="Dohe S" first="S." last="Dohe">S. Dohe</name>
<name sortKey="Hase, F" sort="Hase, F" uniqKey="Hase F" first="F." last="Hase">F. Hase</name>
<name sortKey="Notholt, J" sort="Notholt, J" uniqKey="Notholt J" first="J." last="Notholt">J. Notholt</name>
<name sortKey="Sussmann, R" sort="Sussmann, R" uniqKey="Sussmann R" first="R." last="Sussmann">R. Sussmann</name>
</country>
<country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Deutscher, N M" sort="Deutscher, N M" uniqKey="Deutscher N" first="N. M." last="Deutscher">N. M. Deutscher</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Griffith, D" sort="Griffith, D" uniqKey="Griffith D" first="D." last="Griffith">D. Griffith</name>
<name sortKey="Krummel, P" sort="Krummel, P" uniqKey="Krummel P" first="P." last="Krummel">P. Krummel</name>
<name sortKey="Langenfelds, R" sort="Langenfelds, R" uniqKey="Langenfelds R" first="R." last="Langenfelds">R. Langenfelds</name>
<name sortKey="Steele, P" sort="Steele, P" uniqKey="Steele P" first="P." last="Steele">P. Steele</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Colorado"><name sortKey="Conway, T J" sort="Conway, T J" uniqKey="Conway T" first="T. J." last="Conway">T. J. Conway</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Wennberg, P" sort="Wennberg, P" uniqKey="Wennberg P" first="P." last="Wennberg">P. Wennberg</name>
<name sortKey="Wofsy, S" sort="Wofsy, S" uniqKey="Wofsy S" first="S." last="Wofsy">S. Wofsy</name>
<name sortKey="Wunch, D" sort="Wunch, D" uniqKey="Wunch D" first="D." last="Wunch">D. Wunch</name>
</country>
<country name="Italie"><region name="Latium"><name sortKey="Ciattaglia, L" sort="Ciattaglia, L" uniqKey="Ciattaglia L" first="L." last="Ciattaglia">L. Ciattaglia</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Autriche"><region name="Vienne (Autriche)"><name sortKey="Frohlich, M" sort="Frohlich, M" uniqKey="Frohlich M" first="M." last="Fröhlich">M. Fröhlich</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gomez Pelaez, A J" sort="Gomez Pelaez, A J" uniqKey="Gomez Pelaez A" first="A. J." last="Gomez-Pelaez">A. J. Gomez-Pelaez</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Hongrie"><region name="Hongrie centrale"><name sortKey="Haszpra, L" sort="Haszpra, L" uniqKey="Haszpra L" first="L." last="Haszpra">L. Haszpra</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Finlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kyro, E" sort="Kyro, E" uniqKey="Kyro E" first="E." last="Kyrö">E. Kyrö</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Afrique du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Labuschagne, C" sort="Labuschagne, C" uniqKey="Labuschagne C" first="C." last="Labuschagne">C. Labuschagne</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Machida, T" sort="Machida, T" uniqKey="Machida T" first="T." last="Machida">T. Machida</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Matsueda, H" sort="Matsueda, H" uniqKey="Matsueda H" first="H." last="Matsueda">H. Matsueda</name>
<name sortKey="Morino, I" sort="Morino, I" uniqKey="Morino I" first="I." last="Morino">I. Morino</name>
<name sortKey="Sawa, Y" sort="Sawa, Y" uniqKey="Sawa Y" first="Y." last="Sawa">Y. Sawa</name>
</country>
<country name="Nouvelle-Zélande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sherlock, V" sort="Sherlock, V" uniqKey="Sherlock V" first="V." last="Sherlock">V. Sherlock</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Canada"><region name="Ontario"><name sortKey="Strong, K" sort="Strong, K" uniqKey="Strong K" first="K." last="Strong">K. Strong</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Worthy, D" sort="Worthy, D" uniqKey="Worthy D" first="D." last="Worthy">D. Worthy</name>
</country>
<country name="Pologne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zimnoch, M" sort="Zimnoch, M" uniqKey="Zimnoch M" first="M." last="Zimnoch">M. Zimnoch</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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