The Dynamics of Speed Selection and Psycho-Physiological Load during a Mountain Ultramarathon
Identifieur interne : 002761 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002760; suivant : 002762The Dynamics of Speed Selection and Psycho-Physiological Load during a Mountain Ultramarathon
Auteurs : Hugo A. Kerhervé [Australie, France] ; Guillaume Y. Millet [Canada, France] ; Colin Solomon [Australie]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- physiologie : Course à pied, Rythme cardiaque.
- psychologie : Course à pied.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Anticipation psychologique, Effort physique, Humains, Mâle, Perception.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- physiology : Heart Rate, Running.
- psychology : Running.
- Adult, Anticipation, Psychological, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Perception, Physical Exertion.
Abstract
Exercise intensity during ultramarathons (UM) is expected to be regulated as a result of the development of psycho-physiological strain and in anticipation of perceived difficulties (duration, topography). The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of speed, heart rate and perceived exertion during a long trail UM in a mountainous setting.
Fifteen participants were recruited from competitors in a 106 km trail mountain UM with a total elevation gain and loss of 5870 m. Speed and gradient, heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (dissociated between the general [RPEGEN] and knee extensor fatigue [RPEKE] and collected using a voice recorder) were measured during the UM. Self-selected speed at three gradients (level, negative, positive), HR, RPEGEN and RPEKE were determined for each 10% section of total event duration (TED).
The participants completed the event in 18.3 ± 3.0 h, for a total calculated distance of 105.6 ± 1.8 km. Speed at all gradients decreased, and HR at all gradients significantly decreased from 10% to 70%, 80% and 90%, but not 100% of TED. RPEGEN and RPEKE increased throughout the event. Speed increased from 90% to 100% of TED at all gradients. Average speed was significantly correlated with total time stopped (r = -.772; p = .001; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.15, -0.39) and the magnitude of speed loss (r = .540; p = .038; 95% CI = -1.04, -0.03), but not with the variability of speed (r = -.475; p = .073; 95% CI = -1.00, 0.05).
Participants in a mountain UM event combined positive pacing strategies (speed decreased until 70–90% of TED), an increased speed in the last 10% of the event, a decrease in HR at 70–90% of TED, and an increase in RPEGEN and RPEKE in the last 30% of the event. A greater speed loss and less total time stopped were the factors associated with increased total performance. These results could be explained by theoretical perspectives of a complex regulatory system modulating motor drive in anticipation of perceived difficulties such as elevation changes.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145482
PubMed: 26691599
PubMed Central: 4687124
Affiliations:
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Kerhervé</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sippy Downs</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Laboratoire de Physiologie de l’Exercice, EA-4338, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Physiologie de l’Exercice, EA-4338, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget-du-Lac</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Le Bourget-du-Lac</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Le Bourget-du-Lac</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Millet, Guillaume Y" sort="Millet, Guillaume Y" uniqKey="Millet G" first="Guillaume Y." last="Millet">Guillaume Y. Millet</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Calgary</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Calgary</settlement><region type="state">Alberta</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Laboratoire de Physiologie de l’Exercice, Université de Lyon, F–42023, Saint–Etienne, France</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Physiologie de l’Exercice, Université de Lyon, F–42023, Saint–Etienne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>42023, Saint–Etienne</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>42023, Saint–Etienne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Solomon, Colin" sort="Solomon, Colin" uniqKey="Solomon C" first="Colin" last="Solomon">Colin Solomon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sippy Downs</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Anticipation, Psychological</term><term>Heart Rate (physiology)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Perception</term><term>Physical Exertion</term><term>Running (physiology)</term><term>Running (psychology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Anticipation psychologique</term><term>Course à pied (physiologie)</term><term>Course à pied (psychologie)</term><term>Effort physique</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Perception</term><term>Rythme cardiaque (physiologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Course à pied</term><term>Rythme cardiaque</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Heart Rate</term><term>Running</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Course à pied</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>Running</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Anticipation, Psychological</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Perception</term><term>Physical Exertion</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Anticipation psychologique</term><term>Effort physique</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Perception</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>Exercise intensity during ultramarathons (UM) is expected to be regulated as a result of the development of psycho-physiological strain and in anticipation of perceived difficulties (duration, topography). The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of speed, heart rate and perceived exertion during a long trail UM in a mountainous setting.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>Fifteen participants were recruited from competitors in a 106 km trail mountain UM with a total elevation gain and loss of 5870 m. Speed and gradient, heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (dissociated between the general [RPE<sub>GEN</sub>] and knee extensor fatigue [RPE<sub>KE</sub>] and collected using a voice recorder) were measured during the UM. Self-selected speed at three gradients (level, negative, positive), HR, RPE<sub>GEN</sub> and RPE<sub>KE</sub> were determined for each 10% section of total event duration (TED).</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>The participants completed the event in 18.3 ± 3.0 h, for a total calculated distance of 105.6 ± 1.8 km. Speed at all gradients decreased, and HR at all gradients significantly decreased from 10% to 70%, 80% and 90%, but not 100% of TED. RPE<sub>GEN</sub> and RPE<sub>KE</sub> increased throughout the event. Speed increased from 90% to 100% of TED at all gradients. Average speed was significantly correlated with total time stopped (r = -.772; p = .001; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.15, -0.39) and the magnitude of speed loss (r = .540; p = .038; 95% CI = -1.04, -0.03), but not with the variability of speed (r = -.475; p = .073; 95% CI = -1.00, 0.05).</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusions</title><p>Participants in a mountain UM event combined positive pacing strategies (speed decreased until 70–90% of TED), an increased speed in the last 10% of the event, a decrease in HR at 70–90% of TED, and an increase in RPE<sub>GEN</sub> and RPE<sub>KE</sub> in the last 30% of the event. A greater speed loss and less total time stopped were the factors associated with increased total performance. These results could be explained by theoretical perspectives of a complex regulatory system modulating motor drive in anticipation of perceived difficulties such as elevation changes.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Millet, Gy" uniqKey="Millet G">GY Millet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tucker, R" uniqKey="Tucker R">R Tucker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noakes, Td" uniqKey="Noakes T">TD Noakes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Noakes, Td" uniqKey="Noakes T">TD Noakes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ansley, A" uniqKey="Ansley A">A Ansley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schabort, E" uniqKey="Schabort E">E Schabort</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibson, A" uniqKey="Gibson A">A Gibson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, Mi" 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Knechtle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wirth, A" uniqKey="Wirth A">A Wirth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knechtle, P" uniqKey="Knechtle P">P Knechtle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rust, Ca" uniqKey="Rust C">CA Rüst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rosemann, T" uniqKey="Rosemann T">T Rosemann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lepers, R" uniqKey="Lepers R">R Lepers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morin, J B" uniqKey="Morin J">J-B Morin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomazin, K" uniqKey="Tomazin K">K Tomazin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Edouard, P" uniqKey="Edouard P">P Edouard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Millet, Gy" uniqKey="Millet G">GY Millet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morin, J B" uniqKey="Morin J">J-B Morin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Samozino, P" uniqKey="Samozino P">P Samozino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Millet, Gy" uniqKey="Millet G">GY Millet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vernillo, G" uniqKey="Vernillo G">G Vernillo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Savoldelli, A" uniqKey="Savoldelli A">A Savoldelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zignoli, A" uniqKey="Zignoli A">A Zignoli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Skafidas, S" uniqKey="Skafidas S">S Skafidas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fornasiero, A" uniqKey="Fornasiero A">A Fornasiero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Torre, Al" uniqKey="Torre A">AL Torre</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Canada</li><li>France</li></country><region><li>Alberta</li></region><settlement><li>Calgary</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Calgary</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kerherve, Hugo A" sort="Kerherve, Hugo A" uniqKey="Kerherve H" first="Hugo A." last="Kerhervé">Hugo A. Kerhervé</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Solomon, Colin" sort="Solomon, Colin" uniqKey="Solomon C" first="Colin" last="Solomon">Colin Solomon</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kerherve, Hugo A" sort="Kerherve, Hugo A" uniqKey="Kerherve H" first="Hugo A." last="Kerhervé">Hugo A. Kerhervé</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Millet, Guillaume Y" sort="Millet, Guillaume Y" uniqKey="Millet G" first="Guillaume Y." last="Millet">Guillaume Y. Millet</name></country><country name="Canada"><region name="Alberta"><name sortKey="Millet, Guillaume Y" sort="Millet, Guillaume Y" uniqKey="Millet G" first="Guillaume Y." last="Millet">Guillaume Y. Millet</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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