TRY – a global database of plant traits
Identifieur interne : 006321 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 006320; suivant : 006322TRY – a global database of plant traits
Auteurs : J. Kattge [Allemagne] ; S. Díaz [Argentine] ; S. Lavorel [France] ; I. C. Prentice [Australie] ; P. Leadley [France] ; G. Bönisch [Allemagne] ; E. Garnier [France] ; M. Westoby [Australie] ; P. B. Reich [États-Unis, Australie] ; I. J. Wright [Australie] ; J. H. C. Cornelissen [Pays-Bas] ; C. Violle [France] ; S. P. Harrison [Australie] ; P. M. Van Bodegom [Pays-Bas] ; M. Reichstein [Allemagne] ; B. J. Enquist [États-Unis] ; N. A. Soudzilovskaia [Pays-Bas] ; D. D. Ackerly [États-Unis] ; M. Anand [Canada] ; O. Atkin [Australie] ; M. Bahn [Autriche] ; T. R. Baker [Royaume-Uni] ; D. Baldocchi [États-Unis] ; R. Bekker [Pays-Bas] ; C. C. Blanco [Brésil] ; B. Blonder [États-Unis] ; W. J. Bond [Afrique du Sud] ; R. Bradstock [Australie] ; D. E. Bunker [États-Unis] ; F. Casanoves [Costa Rica] ; J. Cavender-Bares [États-Unis] ; J. Q. Chambers [États-Unis] ; F. S. Chapin Iii [États-Unis] ; J. Chave [France] ; D. Coomes [Royaume-Uni] ; W. K. Cornwell [Pays-Bas] ; J. M. Craine [États-Unis] ; B. H. Dobrin [États-Unis] ; L. Duarte [Brésil] ; W. Durka [Allemagne] ; J. Elser [États-Unis] ; G. Esser [Allemagne] ; M. Estiarte [Espagne] ; W. F. Fagan [États-Unis] ; J. Fang [Brésil] ; F. Fernández-Méndez [Colombie] ; A. Fidelis [Brésil] ; B. Finegan [Costa Rica] ; O. Flores [France] ; H. Ford [Royaume-Uni] ; D. Frank [Allemagne] ; G. T. Freschet [Australie] ; N. M. Fyllas [Royaume-Uni] ; R. V. Gallagher [Australie] ; W. A. Green [États-Unis] ; A. G. Gutierrez [Allemagne] ; T. Hickler [Allemagne] ; S. I. Higgins [Allemagne] ; J. G. Hodgson [Royaume-Uni] ; A. Jalili [Iran] ; S. Jansen [Allemagne] ; C. A. Joly [Brésil] ; A. J. Kerkhoff [États-Unis] ; D. Kirkup [Royaume-Uni] ; K. Kitajima [États-Unis] ; M. Kleyer [Allemagne] ; S. Klotz [Allemagne] ; J. M. H. Knops [États-Unis] ; K. Kramer [Pays-Bas] ; I. Kühn [Brésil] ; H. Kurokawa [Japon] ; D. Laughlin [États-Unis] ; T. D. Lee [États-Unis] ; M. Leishman [Australie] ; F. Lens [Pays-Bas] ; T. Lenz [Australie] ; S. L. Lewis [Royaume-Uni] ; J. Lloyd [Royaume-Uni, Australie] ; J. Llusià [Espagne] ; F. Louault [France] ; S. Ma [États-Unis] ; M. D. Mahecha [Allemagne] ; P. Manning [Royaume-Uni] ; T. Massad [Allemagne] ; B. E. Medlyn [Australie] ; J. Messier [États-Unis] ; A. T. Moles [Australie] ; S. C. Müller [Brésil] ; K. Nadrowski [Allemagne] ; S. Naeem [États-Unis] ; Ü. Niinemets [Estonie] ; S. Nöllert [Allemagne] ; A. Nüske [Allemagne] ; R. Ogaya [Espagne] ; J. Oleksyn [Pologne] ; V. G. Onipchenko [Russie] ; Y. Onoda [Japon] ; J. Ordo Ez [Pays-Bas] ; G. Overbeck [Brésil] ; W. A. Ozinga [Pays-Bas] ; S. Pati O [Royaume-Uni] ; S. Paula [Espagne] ; J. G. Pausas [Espagne] ; J. Pe Uelas [Espagne] ; O. L. Phillips [Royaume-Uni] ; V. Pillar [Brésil] ; H. Poorter [Allemagne] ; L. Poorter [Pays-Bas] ; P. Poschlod [Allemagne] ; A. Prinzing [France] ; R. Proulx [Canada] ; A. Rammig [Allemagne] ; S. Reinsch [Danemark] ; B. Reu [Allemagne] ; L. Sack [États-Unis] ; B. Salgado-Negret [Costa Rica] ; J. Sardans [Espagne] ; S. Shiodera [Japon] ; B. Shipley [Canada] ; A. Siefert [États-Unis] ; E. Sosinski [Brésil] ; J. Soussana [France] ; E. Swaine [Royaume-Uni] ; N. Swenson [États-Unis] ; K. Thompson [Royaume-Uni] ; P. Thornton [États-Unis] ; M. Waldram [Royaume-Uni] ; E. Weiher [États-Unis] ; M. White [États-Unis] ; S. White [Canada] ; S. J. Wright [Panama] ; B. Yguel [France] ; S. Zaehle [Allemagne] ; A. E. Zanne [États-Unis] ; C. Wirth [Japon]Source :
- Global Change Biology [ 1354-1013 ] ; 2011-09.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Ackerly, Aerts, Amaxa, Amaxm, Amaxn, Ancillary data, Area leaf, Atkin, Biodiversity, Biogeography, Biological sciences, Biology, Biome, Biosphere, Blackwell, Blackwell publishing, Bodegom, Broadleaved, Chave, Climate space, Community ecology, Conductance, Cornelissen, Cornwell, Data coverage, Data repository, Data warehouse, Database, Database entries, Dataset, Datasets, Deciduous, Dispersal, Earth system models, Ecological, Ecological modelling, Ecological monographs, Ecology, Ecology letters, Ecosystem, Enquist, Environmental sciences, Evergreen, Evolutionary biology, Fitter, Functional diversity, Functional ecology, Functional traits, Garnier, Global, Global change biology, Global database, Global scale, Global vegetation models, Grassland, Grime, Http, Kattge, Kerkhoff, Kleyer, Kurtosis, Lavorel, Leaf, Leaf area, Leaf compoundness, Leaf longevity, Leaf nitrogen, Leaf nitrogen content, Leaf phosphorus content, Leaf traits, Leaf type, Life sciences, Logarithmic, Logarithmic scale, Longevity, Major fraction, Mass leaf, Maximum plant height, Mmol, Modelling, Niinemets, Normal distribution, Normality, Oecologia, Ogaya, Ordonez, Original scale, Outlier, Overall variation, Parameter values, Pausas, Penuelas, Pfts, Phenology, Phosphorus, Photosynthesis, Photosynthetic, Photosynthetic pathway, Photosynthetic rate, Phylogenetic, Phytologist, Pinus sylvestris, Plant ecology, Plant growth form, Plant height, Plant physiology, Plant sciences, Plant species, Plant trait data, Plant traits, Poorter, Qualitative traits, Quantitative traits, Quercus, Resp, Respiration, Seed information database, Seed mass, Seedling, Several traits, Shipley, Shrub, Skewness, Species level, Standard deviation, State variables, Stomatal, Stomatal conductance, Swenson, Tenet, Trait, Trait data, Trait entries, Trait values, Trait variation, Traits show, Unpublished data, Variance, Vegetation, Vegetation dynamics, Vegetation model, Vegetation modelling, Vegetation models, Vegetation science, Violle, Website, Westoby, Wide range, Wirth, Wood density, Woody, Woody plant species, Zaehle friend.
- Teeft :
- Ackerly, Aerts, Amaxa, Amaxm, Amaxn, Ancillary data, Area leaf, Atkin, Biodiversity, Biogeography, Biological sciences, Biology, Biome, Biosphere, Blackwell, Blackwell publishing, Bodegom, Broadleaved, Chave, Climate space, Community ecology, Conductance, Cornelissen, Cornwell, Data coverage, Data repository, Data warehouse, Database, Database entries, Dataset, Datasets, Deciduous, Dispersal, Earth system models, Ecological, Ecological modelling, Ecological monographs, Ecology, Ecology letters, Ecosystem, Enquist, Environmental sciences, Evergreen, Evolutionary biology, Fitter, Functional diversity, Functional ecology, Functional traits, Garnier, Global, Global change biology, Global database, Global scale, Global vegetation models, Grassland, Grime, Http, Kattge, Kerkhoff, Kleyer, Kurtosis, Lavorel, Leaf, Leaf area, Leaf compoundness, Leaf longevity, Leaf nitrogen, Leaf nitrogen content, Leaf phosphorus content, Leaf traits, Leaf type, Life sciences, Logarithmic, Logarithmic scale, Longevity, Major fraction, Mass leaf, Maximum plant height, Mmol, Modelling, Niinemets, Normal distribution, Normality, Oecologia, Ogaya, Ordonez, Original scale, Outlier, Overall variation, Parameter values, Pausas, Penuelas, Pfts, Phenology, Phosphorus, Photosynthesis, Photosynthetic, Photosynthetic pathway, Photosynthetic rate, Phylogenetic, Phytologist, Pinus sylvestris, Plant ecology, Plant growth form, Plant height, Plant physiology, Plant sciences, Plant species, Plant trait data, Plant traits, Poorter, Qualitative traits, Quantitative traits, Quercus, Resp, Respiration, Seed information database, Seed mass, Seedling, Several traits, Shipley, Shrub, Skewness, Species level, Standard deviation, State variables, Stomatal, Stomatal conductance, Swenson, Tenet, Trait, Trait data, Trait entries, Trait values, Trait variation, Traits show, Unpublished data, Variance, Vegetation, Vegetation dynamics, Vegetation model, Vegetation modelling, Vegetation models, Vegetation science, Violle, Website, Westoby, Wide range, Wirth, Wood density, Woody, Woody plant species, Zaehle friend.
Abstract
Plant traits – the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants and their organs – determine how primary producers respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, influence ecosystem processes and services and provide a link from species richness to ecosystem functional diversity. Trait data thus represent the raw material for a wide range of research from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology to biogeography. Here we present the global database initiative named TRY, which has united a wide range of the plant trait research community worldwide and gained an unprecedented buy‐in of trait data: so far 93 trait databases have been contributed. The data repository currently contains almost three million trait entries for 69 000 out of the world's 300 000 plant species, with a focus on 52 groups of traits characterizing the vegetative and regeneration stages of the plant life cycle, including growth, dispersal, establishment and persistence. A first data analysis shows that most plant traits are approximately log‐normally distributed, with widely differing ranges of variation across traits. Most trait variation is between species (interspecific), but significant intraspecific variation is also documented, up to 40% of the overall variation. Plant functional types (PFTs), as commonly used in vegetation models, capture a substantial fraction of the observed variation – but for several traits most variation occurs within PFTs, up to 75% of the overall variation. In the context of vegetation models these traits would better be represented by state variables rather than fixed parameter values. The improved availability of plant trait data in the unified global database is expected to support a paradigm shift from species to trait‐based ecology, offer new opportunities for synthetic plant trait research and enable a more realistic and empirically grounded representation of terrestrial vegetation in Earth system models.
Url:
- https://api.istex.fr/document/710C2E26B967B2CF128D9277F3A8CF48765BD4C3/fulltext/pdf
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3627314
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02451.x
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ISTEX:710C2E26B967B2CF128D9277F3A8CF48765BD4C3Le document en format XML
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Manning</name></author><author><name sortKey="Massad, T" sort="Massad, T" uniqKey="Massad T" first="T." last="Massad">T. Massad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Medlyn, B E" sort="Medlyn, B E" uniqKey="Medlyn B" first="B. E." last="Medlyn">B. E. Medlyn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Messier, J" sort="Messier, J" uniqKey="Messier J" first="J." last="Messier">J. Messier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moles, A T" sort="Moles, A T" uniqKey="Moles A" first="A. T." last="Moles">A. T. Moles</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, S C" sort="Muller, S C" uniqKey="Muller S" first="S. C." last="Müller">S. C. Müller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nadrowski, K" sort="Nadrowski, K" uniqKey="Nadrowski K" first="K." last="Nadrowski">K. Nadrowski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naeem, S" sort="Naeem, S" uniqKey="Naeem S" first="S." last="Naeem">S. 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Reich</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Forest Resources and Institute of the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Western Sydney</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, I J" sort="Wright, I J" uniqKey="Wright I" first="I. J." last="Wright">I. J. Wright</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NSW 2109</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cornelissen, J H C" sort="Cornelissen, J H C" uniqKey="Cornelissen J" first="J. H. C." last="Cornelissen">J. H. C. Cornelissen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1081 HV Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Violle, C" sort="Violle, C" uniqKey="Violle C" first="C." last="Violle">C. Violle</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harrison, S P" sort="Harrison, S P" uniqKey="Harrison S" first="S. P." last="Harrison">S. P. Harrison</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NSW 2109</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Bodegom, P M" sort="Van Bodegom, P M" uniqKey="Van Bodegom P" first="P. M." last="Van Bodegom">P. M. Van Bodegom</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1081 HV Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reichstein, M" sort="Reichstein, M" uniqKey="Reichstein M" first="M." last="Reichstein">M. Reichstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enquist, B J" sort="Enquist, B J" uniqKey="Enquist B" first="B. J." last="Enquist">B. J. Enquist</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soudzilovskaia, N A" sort="Soudzilovskaia, N A" uniqKey="Soudzilovskaia N" first="N. A." last="Soudzilovskaia">N. A. Soudzilovskaia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1081 HV Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ackerly, D D" sort="Ackerly, D D" uniqKey="Ackerly D" first="D. D." last="Ackerly">D. D. Ackerly</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720‐3140</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anand, M" sort="Anand, M" uniqKey="Anand M" first="M." last="Anand">M. Anand</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Guelph</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>N1G 2W1 Guelph</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atkin, O" sort="Atkin, O" uniqKey="Atkin O" first="O." last="Atkin">O. Atkin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>ACT 0200</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bahn, M" sort="Bahn, M" uniqKey="Bahn M" first="M." last="Bahn">M. Bahn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6020 Innsbruck</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baker, T R" sort="Baker, T R" uniqKey="Baker T" first="T. R." last="Baker">T. R. Baker</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT West Yorkshire</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Leeds</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Leeds</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Yorkshire-et-Humber</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baldocchi, D" sort="Baldocchi, D" uniqKey="Baldocchi D" first="D." last="Baldocchi">D. Baldocchi</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Science & Atmospheric Science Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bekker, R" sort="Bekker, R" uniqKey="Bekker R" first="R." last="Bekker">R. Bekker</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement><region>Groningue (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanco, C C" sort="Blanco, C C" uniqKey="Blanco C" first="C. C." last="Blanco">C. C. Blanco</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501‐970 Porto Alegre</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Porto Alegre</settlement><region type="state">Rio Grande do Sul</region><settlement type="city">Porto Alegre</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université fédérale du Rio Grande do Sul</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blonder, B" sort="Blonder, B" uniqKey="Blonder B" first="B." last="Blonder">B. Blonder</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bond, W J" sort="Bond, W J" uniqKey="Bond W" first="W. J." last="Bond">W. J. Bond</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, 7701 Rondebosch</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>7701 Rondebosch</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bradstock, R" sort="Bradstock, R" uniqKey="Bradstock R" first="R." last="Bradstock">R. Bradstock</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biological Science, University of Wollongong, 2522 Wollongong, NSW</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bunker, D E" sort="Bunker, D E" uniqKey="Bunker D" first="D. E." last="Bunker">D. E. Bunker</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casanoves, F" sort="Casanoves, F" uniqKey="Casanoves F" first="F." last="Casanoves">F. Casanoves</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country><wicri:regionArea>Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education (CATIE), 93‐7170 Turrialba</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>93‐7170 Turrialba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cavender Ares, J" sort="Cavender Ares, J" uniqKey="Cavender Ares J" first="J." last="Cavender-Bares">J. Cavender-Bares</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, J Q" sort="Chambers, J Q" uniqKey="Chambers J" first="J. Q." last="Chambers">J. Q. Chambers</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Climate Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chapin Iii, F S" sort="Chapin Iii, F S" uniqKey="Chapin Iii F" first="F. S." last="Chapin Iii">F. S. Chapin Iii</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Alaska</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chave, J" sort="Chave, J" uniqKey="Chave J" first="J." last="Chave">J. Chave</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coomes, D" sort="Coomes, D" uniqKey="Coomes D" first="D." last="Coomes">D. Coomes</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, CB3 2EA Cambridge</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cornwell, W K" sort="Cornwell, W K" uniqKey="Cornwell W" first="W. K." last="Cornwell">W. K. Cornwell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1081 HV Amsterdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Craine, J M" sort="Craine, J M" uniqKey="Craine J" first="J. M." last="Craine">J. M. 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Elser</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287‐4501</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esser, G" sort="Esser, G" uniqKey="Esser G" first="G." last="Esser">G. Esser</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Plant Ecology, Justus‐Liebig‐University, 35392 Giessen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>35392 Giessen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>35392 Giessen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Estiarte, M" sort="Estiarte, M" uniqKey="Estiarte M" first="M." last="Estiarte">M. Estiarte</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université autonome de Barcelone</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fagan, W F" sort="Fagan, W F" uniqKey="Fagan W" first="W. F." last="Fagan">W. F. Fagan</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region><settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fang, J" sort="Fang, J" uniqKey="Fang J" first="J." last="Fang">J. Fang</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Ecologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540‐000 Porto Alegre</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Porto Alegre</settlement><region type="state">Rio Grande do Sul</region><settlement type="city">Porto Alegre</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université fédérale du Rio Grande do Sul</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Endez, F" sort="Fernandez Endez, F" uniqKey="Fernandez Endez F" first="F." last="Fernández-Méndez">F. Fernández-Méndez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tolima</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fidelis, A" sort="Fidelis, A" uniqKey="Fidelis A" first="A." last="Fidelis">A. Fidelis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508900 São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Finegan, B" sort="Finegan, B" uniqKey="Finegan B" first="B." last="Finegan">B. Finegan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country><wicri:regionArea>Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education (CATIE), 93‐7170 Turrialba</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>93‐7170 Turrialba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flores, O" sort="Flores, O" uniqKey="Flores O" first="O." last="Flores">O. Flores</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>PVBMT, Université de la Réunion, 97410 Saint Pierre</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">La Réunion</region><settlement type="city">Saint Pierre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ford, H" sort="Ford, H" uniqKey="Ford H" first="H." last="Ford">H. Ford</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of York, Bath</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bath</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frank, D" sort="Frank, D" uniqKey="Frank D" first="D." last="Frank">D. Frank</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freschet, G T" sort="Freschet, G T" uniqKey="Freschet G" first="G. T." last="Freschet">G. T. Freschet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Western Sydney</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fyllas, N M" sort="Fyllas, N M" uniqKey="Fyllas N" first="N. M." last="Fyllas">N. M. Fyllas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT West Yorkshire</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Leeds</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Leeds</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Yorkshire-et-Humber</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallagher, R V" sort="Gallagher, R V" uniqKey="Gallagher R" first="R. V." last="Gallagher">R. V. Gallagher</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NSW 2109</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Green, W A" sort="Green, W A" uniqKey="Green W" first="W. A." last="Green">W. A. Green</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region><settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gutierrez, A G" sort="Gutierrez, A G" uniqKey="Gutierrez A" first="A. G." last="Gutierrez">A. G. Gutierrez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hickler, T" sort="Hickler, T" uniqKey="Hickler T" first="T." last="Hickler">T. Hickler</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>LOEWE Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, 60325 Frankfurt</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region><settlement type="city">Francfort-sur-le-Main</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Higgins, S I" sort="Higgins, S I" uniqKey="Higgins S" first="S. I." last="Higgins">S. I. Higgins</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut für Physische Geographie, Goethe‐University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Darmstadt</region><settlement type="city">Francfort-sur-le-Main</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hodgson, J G" sort="Hodgson, J G" uniqKey="Hodgson J" first="J. G." last="Hodgson">J. G. Hodgson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Botany, University of Sheffield, Sheffield</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sheffield</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jalili, A" sort="Jalili, A" uniqKey="Jalili A" first="A." last="Jalili">A. Jalili</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Botany, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tehran</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jansen, S" sort="Jansen, S" uniqKey="Jansen S" first="S." last="Jansen">S. Jansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>89081 Ulm</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>89081 Ulm</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joly, C A" sort="Joly, C A" uniqKey="Joly C" first="C. A." last="Joly">C. A. Joly</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Biology, State University of Campinas, CP 6109 Campinas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CP 6109 Campinas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kerkhoff, A J" sort="Kerkhoff, A J" uniqKey="Kerkhoff A" first="A. J." last="Kerkhoff">A. J. Kerkhoff</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Departments for Biology and Mathematics, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirkup, D" sort="Kirkup, D" uniqKey="Kirkup D" first="D." last="Kirkup">D. Kirkup</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Herbarium, Library Art and Archives, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3AE London</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>TW9 3AE London</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kitajima, K" sort="Kitajima, K" uniqKey="Kitajima K" first="K." last="Kitajima">K. Kitajima</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Floride</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleyer, M" sort="Kleyer, M" uniqKey="Kleyer M" first="M." last="Kleyer">M. Kleyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>26129 Oldenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>26129 Oldenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klotz, S" sort="Klotz, S" uniqKey="Klotz S" first="S." last="Klotz">S. Klotz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 06120 Halle</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06120 Halle</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>06120 Halle</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knops, J M H" sort="Knops, J M H" uniqKey="Knops J" first="J. M. H." last="Knops">J. M. H. Knops</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588‐0118</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Nebraska</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kramer, K" sort="Kramer, K" uniqKey="Kramer K" first="K." last="Kramer">K. Kramer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, Alterra, 6700 Wageningen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700 Wageningen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuhn, I" sort="Kuhn, I" uniqKey="Kuhn I" first="I." last="Kühn">I. Kühn</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Ecologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91540‐000 Porto Alegre</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Porto Alegre</settlement><region type="state">Rio Grande do Sul</region><settlement type="city">Porto Alegre</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université fédérale du Rio Grande do Sul</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kurokawa, H" sort="Kurokawa, H" uniqKey="Kurokawa H" first="H." last="Kurokawa">H. Kurokawa</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980‐8578 Sendai</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Tōhoku</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Sendai</settlement><region type="province">Région de Tōhoku</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laughlin, D" sort="Laughlin, D" uniqKey="Laughlin D" first="D." last="Laughlin">D. Laughlin</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, T D" sort="Lee, T D" uniqKey="Lee T" first="T. D." last="Lee">T. D. Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin‐Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leishman, M" sort="Leishman, M" uniqKey="Leishman M" first="M." last="Leishman">M. Leishman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NSW 2109</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lens, F" sort="Lens, F" uniqKey="Lens F" first="F." last="Lens">F. Lens</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>The Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, 2300 RA Leiden</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2300 RA Leiden</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lenz, T" sort="Lenz, T" uniqKey="Lenz T" first="T." last="Lenz">T. Lenz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NSW 2109</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, S L" sort="Lewis, S L" uniqKey="Lewis S" first="S. L." last="Lewis">S. L. Lewis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT West Yorkshire</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Leeds</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Leeds</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Yorkshire-et-Humber</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lloyd, J" sort="Lloyd, J" uniqKey="Lloyd J" first="J." last="Lloyd">J. Lloyd</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT West Yorkshire</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Leeds</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Leeds</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Yorkshire-et-Humber</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>James Cook University, Qld 4870 Cairns</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Qld 4870 Cairns</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Llusia, J" sort="Llusia, J" uniqKey="Llusia J" first="J." last="Llusià">J. Llusià</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université autonome de Barcelone</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Louault, F" sort="Louault, F" uniqKey="Louault F" first="F." last="Louault">F. Louault</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Grassland Ecosystem Research, INRA, 63100 Clermont‐Ferrand</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Auvergne (région administrative)</region><settlement type="city">Clermont‐Ferrand</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, S" sort="Ma, S" uniqKey="Ma S" first="S." last="Ma">S. Ma</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720‐3140</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahecha, M D" sort="Mahecha, M D" uniqKey="Mahecha M" first="M. D." last="Mahecha">M. D. 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Messier</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moles, A T" sort="Moles, A T" uniqKey="Moles A" first="A. T." last="Moles">A. T. Moles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University New South Wales, 2031 Sydney, NSW</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, S C" sort="Muller, S C" uniqKey="Muller S" first="S. C." last="Müller">S. C. 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Onoda</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 812‐8581 Fukuoka</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Kyūshū</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Fukuoka</settlement><region type="province">Kyūshū</region><region type="prefecture">Préfecture de Fukuoka</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ordo Ez, J" sort="Ordo Ez, J" uniqKey="Ordo Ez J" first="J." last="Ordo Ez">J. Ordo Ez</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Law and Governance Group, Wageningen University, 6706 KN Wageningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Wageningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Wageningue</settlement><region nuts="2">Gueldre (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Overbeck, G" sort="Overbeck, G" uniqKey="Overbeck G" first="G." last="Overbeck">G. 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Pati O</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT West Yorkshire</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Leeds</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Leeds</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Yorkshire-et-Humber</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paula, S" sort="Paula, S" uniqKey="Paula S" first="S." last="Paula">S. Paula</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, Spanish National Research Council, 46113 Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>46113 Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pausas, J G" sort="Pausas, J G" uniqKey="Pausas J" first="J. G." last="Pausas">J. G. Pausas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, Spanish National Research Council, 46113 Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>46113 Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pe Uelas, J" sort="Pe Uelas, J" uniqKey="Pe Uelas J" first="J." last="Pe Uelas">J. Pe Uelas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université autonome de Barcelone</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, O L" sort="Phillips, O L" uniqKey="Phillips O" first="O. L." last="Phillips">O. L. 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Pillar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501‐970 Porto Alegre</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Porto Alegre</settlement><region type="state">Rio Grande do Sul</region><settlement type="city">Porto Alegre</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université fédérale du Rio Grande do Sul</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poorter, H" sort="Poorter, H" uniqKey="Poorter H" first="H." last="Poorter">H. Poorter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>52428 Jülich</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>52428 Jülich</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poorter, L" sort="Poorter, L" uniqKey="Poorter L" first="L." last="Poorter">L. Poorter</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Wageningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Wageningue</settlement><region nuts="2">Gueldre (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poschlod, P" sort="Poschlod, P" uniqKey="Poschlod P" first="P." last="Poschlod">P. Poschlod</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Botany, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>93040 Regensburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>93040 Regensburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prinzing, A" sort="Prinzing, A" uniqKey="Prinzing A" first="A." last="Prinzing">A. Prinzing</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Ecobio, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Proulx, R" sort="Proulx, R" uniqKey="Proulx R" first="R." last="Proulx">R. Proulx</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Biologie Systémique de la Conservation, Université du Québec, Trois‐Rivières</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trois‐Rivières</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rammig, A" sort="Rammig, A" uniqKey="Rammig A" first="A." last="Rammig">A. Rammig</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Brandebourg</region><settlement type="city">Potsdam</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reinsch, S" sort="Reinsch, S" uniqKey="Reinsch S" first="S." last="Reinsch">S. Reinsch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Biosystems Division, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, 4000 Roskilde</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4000 Roskilde</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reu, B" sort="Reu, B" uniqKey="Reu B" first="B." last="Reu">B. Reu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sack, L" sort="Sack, L" uniqKey="Sack L" first="L." last="Sack">L. Sack</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salgado Egret, B" sort="Salgado Egret, B" uniqKey="Salgado Egret B" first="B." last="Salgado-Negret">B. Salgado-Negret</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country><wicri:regionArea>Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education (CATIE), 93‐7170 Turrialba</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>93‐7170 Turrialba</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sardans, J" sort="Sardans, J" uniqKey="Sardans J" first="J." last="Sardans">J. Sardans</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université autonome de Barcelone</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shiodera, S" sort="Shiodera, S" uniqKey="Shiodera S" first="S." last="Shiodera">S. Shiodera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Sustainability Science, Hokkaido University, 060‐080 Sapporo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>060‐080 Sapporo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shipley, B" sort="Shipley, B" uniqKey="Shipley B" first="B." last="Shipley">B. Shipley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec Sherbrooke</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Québec Sherbrooke</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siefert, A" sort="Siefert, A" uniqKey="Siefert A" first="A." last="Siefert">A. Siefert</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Syracuse University, New York, NY 13244</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sosinski, E" sort="Sosinski, E" uniqKey="Sosinski E" first="E." last="Sosinski">E. Sosinski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Environmental Planning, Embrapa Temperate Agriculture, 96010‐971 Pelotas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>96010‐971 Pelotas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soussana, J" sort="Soussana, J" uniqKey="Soussana J" first="J." last="Soussana">J. 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Swenson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Plant Biology & Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region><settlement type="city">East Lansing</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'État du Michigan</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, K" sort="Thompson, K" uniqKey="Thompson K" first="K." last="Thompson">K. Thompson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>S10 2TN Sheffield</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thornton, P" sort="Thornton, P" uniqKey="Thornton P" first="P." last="Thornton">P. 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Weiher</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin‐Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, M" sort="White, M" uniqKey="White M" first="M." last="White">M. White</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322‐5210</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Utah</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, S" sort="White, S" uniqKey="White S" first="S." last="White">S. 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Zanne</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121‐4400</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wirth, C" sort="Wirth, C" uniqKey="Wirth C" first="C." last="Wirth">C. Wirth</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 812‐8581 Fukuoka</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Kyūshū</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Fukuoka</settlement><region type="province">Kyūshū</region><region type="prefecture">Préfecture de Fukuoka</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Global Change Biology</title><title level="j" type="alt">GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY</title><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2486</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">17</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2905">2905</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2935">2935</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">31</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-09">2011-09</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1354-1013</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Ackerly</term><term>Aerts</term><term>Amaxa</term><term>Amaxm</term><term>Amaxn</term><term>Ancillary data</term><term>Area leaf</term><term>Atkin</term><term>Biodiversity</term><term>Biogeography</term><term>Biological sciences</term><term>Biology</term><term>Biome</term><term>Biosphere</term><term>Blackwell</term><term>Blackwell publishing</term><term>Bodegom</term><term>Broadleaved</term><term>Chave</term><term>Climate space</term><term>Community ecology</term><term>Conductance</term><term>Cornelissen</term><term>Cornwell</term><term>Data coverage</term><term>Data repository</term><term>Data warehouse</term><term>Database</term><term>Database entries</term><term>Dataset</term><term>Datasets</term><term>Deciduous</term><term>Dispersal</term><term>Earth system models</term><term>Ecological</term><term>Ecological modelling</term><term>Ecological monographs</term><term>Ecology</term><term>Ecology letters</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Enquist</term><term>Environmental sciences</term><term>Evergreen</term><term>Evolutionary biology</term><term>Fitter</term><term>Functional diversity</term><term>Functional ecology</term><term>Functional traits</term><term>Garnier</term><term>Global</term><term>Global change biology</term><term>Global database</term><term>Global scale</term><term>Global vegetation models</term><term>Grassland</term><term>Grime</term><term>Http</term><term>Kattge</term><term>Kerkhoff</term><term>Kleyer</term><term>Kurtosis</term><term>Lavorel</term><term>Leaf</term><term>Leaf area</term><term>Leaf compoundness</term><term>Leaf longevity</term><term>Leaf nitrogen</term><term>Leaf nitrogen content</term><term>Leaf phosphorus content</term><term>Leaf traits</term><term>Leaf type</term><term>Life sciences</term><term>Logarithmic</term><term>Logarithmic scale</term><term>Longevity</term><term>Major fraction</term><term>Mass leaf</term><term>Maximum plant height</term><term>Mmol</term><term>Modelling</term><term>Niinemets</term><term>Normal distribution</term><term>Normality</term><term>Oecologia</term><term>Ogaya</term><term>Ordonez</term><term>Original scale</term><term>Outlier</term><term>Overall variation</term><term>Parameter values</term><term>Pausas</term><term>Penuelas</term><term>Pfts</term><term>Phenology</term><term>Phosphorus</term><term>Photosynthesis</term><term>Photosynthetic</term><term>Photosynthetic pathway</term><term>Photosynthetic rate</term><term>Phylogenetic</term><term>Phytologist</term><term>Pinus sylvestris</term><term>Plant ecology</term><term>Plant growth form</term><term>Plant height</term><term>Plant physiology</term><term>Plant sciences</term><term>Plant species</term><term>Plant trait data</term><term>Plant traits</term><term>Poorter</term><term>Qualitative traits</term><term>Quantitative traits</term><term>Quercus</term><term>Resp</term><term>Respiration</term><term>Seed information database</term><term>Seed mass</term><term>Seedling</term><term>Several traits</term><term>Shipley</term><term>Shrub</term><term>Skewness</term><term>Species level</term><term>Standard deviation</term><term>State variables</term><term>Stomatal</term><term>Stomatal conductance</term><term>Swenson</term><term>Tenet</term><term>Trait</term><term>Trait data</term><term>Trait entries</term><term>Trait values</term><term>Trait variation</term><term>Traits show</term><term>Unpublished data</term><term>Variance</term><term>Vegetation</term><term>Vegetation dynamics</term><term>Vegetation model</term><term>Vegetation modelling</term><term>Vegetation models</term><term>Vegetation science</term><term>Violle</term><term>Website</term><term>Westoby</term><term>Wide range</term><term>Wirth</term><term>Wood density</term><term>Woody</term><term>Woody plant species</term><term>Zaehle friend</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Ackerly</term><term>Aerts</term><term>Amaxa</term><term>Amaxm</term><term>Amaxn</term><term>Ancillary data</term><term>Area leaf</term><term>Atkin</term><term>Biodiversity</term><term>Biogeography</term><term>Biological sciences</term><term>Biology</term><term>Biome</term><term>Biosphere</term><term>Blackwell</term><term>Blackwell publishing</term><term>Bodegom</term><term>Broadleaved</term><term>Chave</term><term>Climate space</term><term>Community ecology</term><term>Conductance</term><term>Cornelissen</term><term>Cornwell</term><term>Data coverage</term><term>Data repository</term><term>Data warehouse</term><term>Database</term><term>Database entries</term><term>Dataset</term><term>Datasets</term><term>Deciduous</term><term>Dispersal</term><term>Earth system models</term><term>Ecological</term><term>Ecological modelling</term><term>Ecological monographs</term><term>Ecology</term><term>Ecology letters</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Enquist</term><term>Environmental sciences</term><term>Evergreen</term><term>Evolutionary biology</term><term>Fitter</term><term>Functional diversity</term><term>Functional ecology</term><term>Functional traits</term><term>Garnier</term><term>Global</term><term>Global change biology</term><term>Global database</term><term>Global scale</term><term>Global vegetation models</term><term>Grassland</term><term>Grime</term><term>Http</term><term>Kattge</term><term>Kerkhoff</term><term>Kleyer</term><term>Kurtosis</term><term>Lavorel</term><term>Leaf</term><term>Leaf area</term><term>Leaf compoundness</term><term>Leaf longevity</term><term>Leaf nitrogen</term><term>Leaf nitrogen content</term><term>Leaf phosphorus content</term><term>Leaf traits</term><term>Leaf type</term><term>Life sciences</term><term>Logarithmic</term><term>Logarithmic scale</term><term>Longevity</term><term>Major fraction</term><term>Mass leaf</term><term>Maximum plant height</term><term>Mmol</term><term>Modelling</term><term>Niinemets</term><term>Normal distribution</term><term>Normality</term><term>Oecologia</term><term>Ogaya</term><term>Ordonez</term><term>Original scale</term><term>Outlier</term><term>Overall variation</term><term>Parameter values</term><term>Pausas</term><term>Penuelas</term><term>Pfts</term><term>Phenology</term><term>Phosphorus</term><term>Photosynthesis</term><term>Photosynthetic</term><term>Photosynthetic pathway</term><term>Photosynthetic rate</term><term>Phylogenetic</term><term>Phytologist</term><term>Pinus sylvestris</term><term>Plant ecology</term><term>Plant growth form</term><term>Plant height</term><term>Plant physiology</term><term>Plant sciences</term><term>Plant species</term><term>Plant trait data</term><term>Plant traits</term><term>Poorter</term><term>Qualitative traits</term><term>Quantitative traits</term><term>Quercus</term><term>Resp</term><term>Respiration</term><term>Seed information database</term><term>Seed mass</term><term>Seedling</term><term>Several traits</term><term>Shipley</term><term>Shrub</term><term>Skewness</term><term>Species level</term><term>Standard deviation</term><term>State variables</term><term>Stomatal</term><term>Stomatal conductance</term><term>Swenson</term><term>Tenet</term><term>Trait</term><term>Trait data</term><term>Trait entries</term><term>Trait values</term><term>Trait variation</term><term>Traits show</term><term>Unpublished data</term><term>Variance</term><term>Vegetation</term><term>Vegetation dynamics</term><term>Vegetation model</term><term>Vegetation modelling</term><term>Vegetation models</term><term>Vegetation science</term><term>Violle</term><term>Website</term><term>Westoby</term><term>Wide range</term><term>Wirth</term><term>Wood density</term><term>Woody</term><term>Woody plant species</term><term>Zaehle friend</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biodiversité</term><term>Biologie</term><term>Biosphère</term><term>Base de données</term><term>écologie</term><term>écosystème</term><term>Surface en herbe</term><term>Sciences de la vie</term><term>Phosphore</term><term>Plant</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Plant traits – the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants and their organs – determine how primary producers respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, influence ecosystem processes and services and provide a link from species richness to ecosystem functional diversity. Trait data thus represent the raw material for a wide range of research from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology to biogeography. Here we present the global database initiative named TRY, which has united a wide range of the plant trait research community worldwide and gained an unprecedented buy‐in of trait data: so far 93 trait databases have been contributed. The data repository currently contains almost three million trait entries for 69 000 out of the world's 300 000 plant species, with a focus on 52 groups of traits characterizing the vegetative and regeneration stages of the plant life cycle, including growth, dispersal, establishment and persistence. A first data analysis shows that most plant traits are approximately log‐normally distributed, with widely differing ranges of variation across traits. Most trait variation is between species (interspecific), but significant intraspecific variation is also documented, up to 40% of the overall variation. Plant functional types (PFTs), as commonly used in vegetation models, capture a substantial fraction of the observed variation – but for several traits most variation occurs within PFTs, up to 75% of the overall variation. In the context of vegetation models these traits would better be represented by state variables rather than fixed parameter values. The improved availability of plant trait data in the unified global database is expected to support a paradigm shift from species to trait‐based ecology, offer new opportunities for synthetic plant trait research and enable a more realistic and empirically grounded representation of terrestrial vegetation in Earth system models.</div></front></TEI></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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