Can oil shales be used to produce fullerenes?
Identifieur interne : 002612 ( Istex/Curation ); précédent : 002611; suivant : 002613Can oil shales be used to produce fullerenes?
Auteurs : Keith Fisher [Australie] ; Claude Largeau [France] ; Sylvie Derenne [France]Source :
- Organic Geochemistry [ 0146-6380 ] ; 1996.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Ablation, Aromatic units, Botryococcus, Braunii, Calcium fullerides, Casadevall, Chem, Chemical structure, Derenne, Fullerene, Fullerene ions, Fullerene production, G6yniik, General usefulness, Geochem, Helium flow, Hydrocarbon chains, Insoluble pyrolysis residue, Insoluble pyrolysis residues, Insoluble residues, Ion, Keith fisher, Kerogen, Kerogens, Kukersite, Large contribution, Largeau, Laser, Laser ablation, Laser ablation process, Laser power, Laser powers, Major ions, Mass spec, Mass spectrometry, Organic geochemistry, Outer walls, Pang, Pergamon press, Positive ions, Precursor, Pyrolysis, Pyrolysis residue, Pyrolysis residues, Residue, Selective preservation, Shale, Sharp contrast, Solid state, Suitable fullerene precursors, Torbanite, Torbanites, Unheated shale, Wide range, Willett.
- Teeft :
- Ablation, Aromatic units, Botryococcus, Braunii, Calcium fullerides, Casadevall, Chem, Chemical structure, Derenne, Fullerene, Fullerene ions, Fullerene production, G6yniik, General usefulness, Geochem, Helium flow, Hydrocarbon chains, Insoluble pyrolysis residue, Insoluble pyrolysis residues, Insoluble residues, Ion, Keith fisher, Kerogen, Kerogens, Kukersite, Large contribution, Largeau, Laser, Laser ablation, Laser ablation process, Laser power, Laser powers, Major ions, Mass spec, Mass spectrometry, Organic geochemistry, Outer walls, Pang, Pergamon press, Positive ions, Precursor, Pyrolysis, Pyrolysis residue, Pyrolysis residues, Residue, Selective preservation, Shale, Sharp contrast, Solid state, Suitable fullerene precursors, Torbanite, Torbanites, Unheated shale, Wide range, Willett.
Abstract
Abstract: Laser ablation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, FTIR and solid state 13C NMR have been used to study bitumen-free raw Kukersite, Torbanite and Göynük Oil Shale in an attempt to observe whether these materials might be used as fullerene precursors. Solid state 13C NMR and FTIR spectra and elemental analyses indicated that, upon pyrolysis at 400°C under a helium flow, the above oil shales undergo an efficient loss of alkyl groups and aromatization, affording mainly polycyclic, aromatic, insoluble residues. Species that are easily converted to fullerenes are thus obtained and such residues can produce fullerenes, via laser ablation, at much lower laser powers than graphite. In sharp contrast, the 300°C residues are not suitable fullerene precursors. The minimal power required for fullerene production with 400°C residues significantly increases from Kukersite to Torbanite and to Göynük Oil Shale. The latter feature is associated with some decrease in aromatization efficiency, upon 400°C pyrolysis, from Kukersite to Göynük Oil Shale. This study confirms the general usefulness, for fullerene production by laser pyrolysis, of the insoluble residues obtained at 400°C from raw oil shales composed of Type I kerogens. Copyright
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DOI: 10.1016/0146-6380(96)00062-9
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Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Organique Physique, UA CNRS D 1381, E.N.S.C.P., 11, rue P. et M. Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Derenne, Sylvie" sort="Derenne, Sylvie" uniqKey="Derenne S" first="Sylvie" last="Derenne">Sylvie Derenne</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Organique Physique, UA CNRS D 1381, E.N.S.C.P., 11, rue P. et M. Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Organique Physique, UA CNRS D 1381, E.N.S.C.P., 11, rue P. et M. Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Organic Geochemistry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">OG</title><idno type="ISSN">0146-6380</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1996">1996</date><biblScope unit="volume">24</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6–7</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="715">715</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="723">723</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0146-6380</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0146-6380</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Ablation</term><term>Aromatic units</term><term>Botryococcus</term><term>Braunii</term><term>Calcium fullerides</term><term>Casadevall</term><term>Chem</term><term>Chemical structure</term><term>Derenne</term><term>Fullerene</term><term>Fullerene ions</term><term>Fullerene production</term><term>G6yniik</term><term>General usefulness</term><term>Geochem</term><term>Helium flow</term><term>Hydrocarbon chains</term><term>Insoluble pyrolysis residue</term><term>Insoluble pyrolysis residues</term><term>Insoluble residues</term><term>Ion</term><term>Keith fisher</term><term>Kerogen</term><term>Kerogens</term><term>Kukersite</term><term>Large contribution</term><term>Largeau</term><term>Laser</term><term>Laser ablation</term><term>Laser ablation process</term><term>Laser power</term><term>Laser powers</term><term>Major ions</term><term>Mass spec</term><term>Mass spectrometry</term><term>Organic geochemistry</term><term>Outer walls</term><term>Pang</term><term>Pergamon press</term><term>Positive ions</term><term>Precursor</term><term>Pyrolysis</term><term>Pyrolysis residue</term><term>Pyrolysis residues</term><term>Residue</term><term>Selective preservation</term><term>Shale</term><term>Sharp contrast</term><term>Solid state</term><term>Suitable fullerene precursors</term><term>Torbanite</term><term>Torbanites</term><term>Unheated shale</term><term>Wide range</term><term>Willett</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Ablation</term><term>Aromatic units</term><term>Botryococcus</term><term>Braunii</term><term>Calcium fullerides</term><term>Casadevall</term><term>Chem</term><term>Chemical structure</term><term>Derenne</term><term>Fullerene</term><term>Fullerene ions</term><term>Fullerene production</term><term>G6yniik</term><term>General usefulness</term><term>Geochem</term><term>Helium flow</term><term>Hydrocarbon chains</term><term>Insoluble pyrolysis residue</term><term>Insoluble pyrolysis residues</term><term>Insoluble residues</term><term>Ion</term><term>Keith fisher</term><term>Kerogen</term><term>Kerogens</term><term>Kukersite</term><term>Large contribution</term><term>Largeau</term><term>Laser</term><term>Laser ablation</term><term>Laser ablation process</term><term>Laser power</term><term>Laser powers</term><term>Major ions</term><term>Mass spec</term><term>Mass spectrometry</term><term>Organic geochemistry</term><term>Outer walls</term><term>Pang</term><term>Pergamon press</term><term>Positive ions</term><term>Precursor</term><term>Pyrolysis</term><term>Pyrolysis residue</term><term>Pyrolysis residues</term><term>Residue</term><term>Selective preservation</term><term>Shale</term><term>Sharp contrast</term><term>Solid state</term><term>Suitable fullerene precursors</term><term>Torbanite</term><term>Torbanites</term><term>Unheated shale</term><term>Wide range</term><term>Willett</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Laser ablation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, FTIR and solid state 13C NMR have been used to study bitumen-free raw Kukersite, Torbanite and Göynük Oil Shale in an attempt to observe whether these materials might be used as fullerene precursors. Solid state 13C NMR and FTIR spectra and elemental analyses indicated that, upon pyrolysis at 400°C under a helium flow, the above oil shales undergo an efficient loss of alkyl groups and aromatization, affording mainly polycyclic, aromatic, insoluble residues. Species that are easily converted to fullerenes are thus obtained and such residues can produce fullerenes, via laser ablation, at much lower laser powers than graphite. In sharp contrast, the 300°C residues are not suitable fullerene precursors. The minimal power required for fullerene production with 400°C residues significantly increases from Kukersite to Torbanite and to Göynük Oil Shale. The latter feature is associated with some decrease in aromatization efficiency, upon 400°C pyrolysis, from Kukersite to Göynük Oil Shale. This study confirms the general usefulness, for fullerene production by laser pyrolysis, of the insoluble residues obtained at 400°C from raw oil shales composed of Type I kerogens. 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