The global contribution of forage fish to marine fisheries and ecosystems
Identifieur interne : 002704 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002703; suivant : 002705The global contribution of forage fish to marine fisheries and ecosystems
Auteurs : Ellen K. Pikitch ; Konstantine J. Rountos ; Timothy E. Essington ; Christine Santora ; Daniel Pauly ; Reg Watson ; Ussif R. Sumaila ; P Dee Boersma ; Ian L. Boyd ; David O. Conover ; Philippe Cury ; Selina S. Heppell ; Edward D. Houde ; Marc Mangel ; Éva Plagányi ; Keith Sainsbury ; Robert S. Steneck ; Tess M. Geers ; Natasha Gownaris ; Stephan B. MunchSource :
- Fish and Fisheries [ 1467-2960 ] ; 2014-03.
Abstract
Forage fish play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems and economies worldwide by sustaining many predators and fisheries directly and indirectly. We estimate global forage fish contributions to marine ecosystems through a synthesis of 72 published Ecopath models from around the world. Three distinct contributions of forage fish were examined: (i) the ecological support service of forage fish to predators in marine ecosystems, (ii) the total catch and value of forage fisheries and (iii) the support service of forage fish to the catch and value of other commercially targeted predators. Forage fish use and value varied and exhibited patterns across latitudes and ecosystem types. Forage fish supported many kinds of predators, including fish, seabirds, marine mammals and squid. Overall, forage fish contribute a total of about $16.9 billion USD to global fisheries values annually, i.e. 20% of the global ex‐vessel catch values of all marine fisheries combined. While the global catch value of forage fisheries was $5.6 billion, fisheries supported by forage fish were more than twice as valuable ($11.3 billion). These estimates provide important information for evaluating the trade‐offs of various uses of forage fish across ecosystem types, latitudes and globally. We did not estimate a monetary value for supportive contributions of forage fish to recreational fisheries or to uses unrelated to fisheries, and thus the estimates of economic value reported herein understate the global value of forage fishes.
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DOI: 10.1111/faf.12004
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Pikitch</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rountos, Konstantine J" sort="Rountos, Konstantine J" uniqKey="Rountos K" first="Konstantine J" last="Rountos">Konstantine J. Rountos</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Konstantine J Rountos, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Discovery Hall 165, Stony Brook, NY 11794‐5000, USATel.: +1 631 632 9325Fax: +1 631 632 8820E‐mail:</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: krountos@gmail.com</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Essington, Timothy E" sort="Essington, Timothy E" uniqKey="Essington T" first="Timothy E" last="Essington">Timothy E. Essington</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, WA, 98195‐5020, Seattle, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Santora, Christine" sort="Santora, Christine" uniqKey="Santora C" first="Christine" last="Santora">Christine Santora</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pauly, Daniel" sort="Pauly, Daniel" uniqKey="Pauly D" first="Daniel" last="Pauly">Daniel Pauly</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watson, Reg" sort="Watson, Reg" uniqKey="Watson R" first="Reg" last="Watson">Reg Watson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sumaila, Ussif R" sort="Sumaila, Ussif R" uniqKey="Sumaila U" first="Ussif R" last="Sumaila">Ussif R. Sumaila</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boersma, P Dee" sort="Boersma, P Dee" uniqKey="Boersma P" first="P Dee" last="Boersma">P Dee Boersma</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Washington, WA, 98195‐1800, Seattle, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyd, Ian L" sort="Boyd, Ian L" uniqKey="Boyd I" first="Ian L" last="Boyd">Ian L. Boyd</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, St Andrews, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conover, David O" sort="Conover, David O" uniqKey="Conover D" first="David O" last="Conover">David O. Conover</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cury, Philippe" sort="Cury, Philippe" uniqKey="Cury P" first="Philippe" last="Cury">Philippe Cury</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME‐212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, BP 171, 34203, Séte Cedex, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heppell, Selina S" sort="Heppell, Selina S" uniqKey="Heppell S" first="Selina S" last="Heppell">Selina S. Heppell</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, OR, 97331‐4501, Corvallis, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Houde, Edward D" sort="Houde, Edward D" uniqKey="Houde E" first="Edward D" last="Houde">Edward D. Houde</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, MD, 21613, Cambridge, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangel, Marc" sort="Mangel, Marc" uniqKey="Mangel M" first="Marc" last="Mangel">Marc Mangel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, CA, 95064, Santa Cruz, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plaganyi, Eva" sort="Plaganyi, Eva" uniqKey="Plaganyi E" first="Éva" last="Plagányi">Éva Plagányi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Tasmania, 7000, Hobart, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sainsbury, Keith" sort="Sainsbury, Keith" uniqKey="Sainsbury K" first="Keith" last="Sainsbury">Keith Sainsbury</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steneck, Robert S" sort="Steneck, Robert S" uniqKey="Steneck R" first="Robert S" last="Steneck">Robert S. Steneck</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, ME, 04573, Walpole, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geers, Tess M" sort="Geers, Tess M" uniqKey="Geers T" first="Tess M" last="Geers">Tess M. Geers</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gownaris, Natasha" sort="Gownaris, Natasha" uniqKey="Gownaris N" first="Natasha" last="Gownaris">Natasha Gownaris</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munch, Stephan B" sort="Munch, Stephan B" uniqKey="Munch S" first="Stephan B" last="Munch">Stephan B. Munch</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Fish and Fisheries</title><title level="j" type="alt">FISH AND FISHERIES</title><idno type="ISSN">1467-2960</idno><idno type="eISSN">1467-2979</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">15</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="43">43</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="64">64</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">22</biblScope><date type="published" when="2014-03">2014-03</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1467-2960</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1467-2960</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Forage fish play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems and economies worldwide by sustaining many predators and fisheries directly and indirectly. We estimate global forage fish contributions to marine ecosystems through a synthesis of 72 published Ecopath models from around the world. Three distinct contributions of forage fish were examined: (i) the ecological support service of forage fish to predators in marine ecosystems, (ii) the total catch and value of forage fisheries and (iii) the support service of forage fish to the catch and value of other commercially targeted predators. Forage fish use and value varied and exhibited patterns across latitudes and ecosystem types. Forage fish supported many kinds of predators, including fish, seabirds, marine mammals and squid. Overall, forage fish contribute a total of about $16.9 billion USD to global fisheries values annually, i.e. 20% of the global ex‐vessel catch values of all marine fisheries combined. While the global catch value of forage fisheries was $5.6 billion, fisheries supported by forage fish were more than twice as valuable ($11.3 billion). These estimates provide important information for evaluating the trade‐offs of various uses of forage fish across ecosystem types, latitudes and globally. We did not estimate a monetary value for supportive contributions of forage fish to recreational fisheries or to uses unrelated to fisheries, and thus the estimates of economic value reported herein understate the global value of forage fishes.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Ellen K Pikitch</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Konstantine J Rountos</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</json:string><json:string>Konstantine J Rountos, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Discovery Hall 165, Stony Brook, NY 11794‐5000, USATel.: +1 631 632 9325Fax: +1 631 632 8820E‐mail:</json:string><json:string>E-mail: krountos@gmail.com</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Timothy E Essington</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, WA, 98195‐5020, Seattle, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Christine Santora</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Daniel Pauly</name><affiliations><json:string>Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Reg Watson</name><affiliations><json:string>Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ussif R Sumaila</name><affiliations><json:string>Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P Dee Boersma</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biology, University of Washington, WA, 98195‐1800, Seattle, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ian L Boyd</name><affiliations><json:string>NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, St Andrews, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>David O Conover</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Philippe Cury</name><affiliations><json:string>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME‐212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, BP 171, 34203, Séte Cedex, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Selina S Heppell</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, OR, 97331‐4501, Corvallis, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Edward D Houde</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, MD, 21613, Cambridge, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Marc Mangel</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, CA, 95064, Santa Cruz, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Éva Plagányi</name><affiliations><json:string>CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Tasmania, 7000, Hobart, Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Keith Sainsbury</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Robert S Steneck</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, ME, 04573, Walpole, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Tess M Geers</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Natasha Gownaris</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Stephan B Munch</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Ecosystem service</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ecosystem‐based management</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>fisheries value</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>forage fish</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>supportive values</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>trade‐offs</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>FAF12004</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-6C2W8702-B</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Forage fish play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems and economies worldwide by sustaining many predators and fisheries directly and indirectly. We estimate global forage fish contributions to marine ecosystems through a synthesis of 72 published Ecopath models from around the world. Three distinct contributions of forage fish were examined: (i) the ecological support service of forage fish to predators in marine ecosystems, (ii) the total catch and value of forage fisheries and (iii) the support service of forage fish to the catch and value of other commercially targeted predators. Forage fish use and value varied and exhibited patterns across latitudes and ecosystem types. Forage fish supported many kinds of predators, including fish, seabirds, marine mammals and squid. Overall, forage fish contribute a total of about $16.9 billion USD to global fisheries values annually, i.e. 20% of the global ex‐vessel catch values of all marine fisheries combined. While the global catch value of forage fisheries was $5.6 billion, fisheries supported by forage fish were more than twice as valuable ($11.3 billion). These estimates provide important information for evaluating the trade‐offs of various uses of forage fish across ecosystem types, latitudes and globally. We did not estimate a monetary value for supportive contributions of forage fish to recreational fisheries or to uses unrelated to fisheries, and thus the estimates of economic value reported herein understate the global value of forage fishes.</abstract><qualityIndicators><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>230</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1518</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>6</keywordCount><score>9.76</score><pdfWordCount>10048</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>67363</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.7</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>22</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 805.039 pts</pdfPageSize></qualityIndicators><title>The global contribution of forage fish to marine fisheries and ecosystems</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Fish and Fisheries</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1467-2979</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>1467-2960</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1467-2979</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>FAF</json:string></publisherId><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><pages><first>43</first><last>64</last><total>22</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Original 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ecosystems</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Publishing Ltd</publisher><availability><licence>© 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2014-03"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The global contribution of forage fish to marine fisheries and ecosystems</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Ellen K</forename><surname>Pikitch</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences</orgName><orgName>Stony Brook University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Stony Brook</settlement><postCode>11794‐5000</postCode><region>NY</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation><note type="foot">These authors contributed equally to this work.</note></author><author xml:id="author-0001" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Konstantine J</forename><surname>Rountos</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences</orgName><orgName>Stony Brook University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Stony Brook</settlement><postCode>11794‐5000</postCode><region>NY</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation><note type="foot">These authors contributed equally to this work.</note><affiliation>Correspondence: Konstantine J Rountos, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Discovery Hall 165, Stony Brook, NY 11794‐5000, USA Tel.: +1 631 632 9325 Fax: +1 631 632 8820 E‐mail: krountos@gmail.com</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Timothy E</forename><surname>Essington</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences</orgName><orgName>University of Washington</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><postCode> 98195‐5020</postCode><region>WA</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Christine</forename><surname>Santora</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences</orgName><orgName>Stony Brook University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Stony Brook</settlement><postCode>11794‐5000</postCode><region>NY</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Daniel</forename><surname>Pauly</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Reg</forename><surname>Watson</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">Ussif R</forename><surname>Sumaila</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">P Dee</forename><surname>Boersma</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Biology</orgName><orgName>University of Washington</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><postCode>98195‐1800</postCode><region>WA</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">Ian L</forename><surname>Boyd</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit</orgName><orgName>Gatty Marine Laboratory</orgName><orgName>University of St Andrews</orgName><address><settlement type="city">St Andrews</settlement><postCode>KY16 8LB</postCode><region>Fife</region><country key="GB">UK</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0009"><persName><forename type="first">David O</forename><surname>Conover</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences</orgName><orgName>Stony Brook University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Stony Brook</settlement><postCode>11794‐5000</postCode><region>NY</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0010"><persName><forename type="first">Philippe</forename><surname>Cury</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</orgName><orgName>UMR EME‐212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Séte Cedex</settlement><postCode>BP 171, 34203</postCode><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0011"><persName><forename type="first">Selina S</forename><surname>Heppell</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Fisheries and Wildlife</orgName><orgName>Oregon State University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Corvallis</settlement><postCode>97331‐4501</postCode><region>OR</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0012"><persName><forename type="first">Edward D</forename><surname>Houde</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Center for Environmental Science</orgName><orgName>University of Maryland</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><postCode>21613</postCode><region>MD</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0013"><persName><forename type="first">Marc</forename><surname>Mangel</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics</orgName><orgName>University of California</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Santa Cruz</settlement><postCode>95064</postCode><region>CA</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0014"><persName><forename type="first">Éva</forename><surname>Plagányi</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Hobart</settlement><postCode>7000</postCode><region>Tasmania</region><country key="AU">Australia</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0015"><persName><forename type="first">Keith</forename><surname>Sainsbury</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Institute of Marine and Antarctic Science</orgName><orgName>University of Tasmania</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Sandy Bay</settlement><region>Tasmania</region><country key="AU">Australia</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0016"><persName><forename type="first">Robert S</forename><surname>Steneck</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>School of Marine Sciences</orgName><orgName>University of Maine</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Walpole</settlement><postCode>04573</postCode><region>ME</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0017"><persName><forename type="first">Tess M</forename><surname>Geers</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences</orgName><orgName>Stony Brook University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Stony Brook</settlement><postCode>11794‐5000</postCode><region>NY</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0018"><persName><forename type="first">Natasha</forename><surname>Gownaris</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences</orgName><orgName>Stony Brook University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Stony Brook</settlement><postCode>11794‐5000</postCode><region>NY</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0019"><persName><forename type="first">Stephan B</forename><surname>Munch</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences</orgName><orgName>Stony Brook University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Stony Brook</settlement><postCode>11794‐5000</postCode><region>NY</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">D0EEAC112549B0399AE46C3B2F8436EF6602F524</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-6C2W8702-B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/faf.12004</idno><idno type="unit">FAF12004</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:FAF.FAF12004.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Fish and Fisheries</title><title level="j" type="alt">FISH AND FISHERIES</title><idno type="pISSN">1467-2960</idno><idno type="eISSN">1467-2979</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1467-2979</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/faf.2014.15.issue-1</idno><idno type="product">FAF</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">15</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="43">43</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="64">64</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">22</biblScope><date type="published" when="2014-03"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract style="main" xml:id="faf12004-abs-0001"><head>Abstract</head><p>Forage fish play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems and economies worldwide by sustaining many predators and fisheries directly and indirectly. We estimate global forage fish contributions to marine ecosystems through a synthesis of 72 published <hi rend="fc">E</hi>copath models from around the world. Three distinct contributions of forage fish were examined: (i) the ecological support service of forage fish to predators in marine ecosystems, (ii) the total catch and value of forage fisheries and (iii) the support service of forage fish to the catch and value of other commercially targeted predators. Forage fish use and value varied and exhibited patterns across latitudes and ecosystem types. Forage fish supported many kinds of predators, including fish, seabirds, marine mammals and squid. Overall, forage fish contribute a total of about $16.9 billion <hi rend="fc">USD</hi> to global fisheries values annually, i.e. 20% of the global ex‐vessel catch values of all marine fisheries combined. While the global catch value of forage fisheries was $5.6 billion, fisheries supported by forage fish were more than twice as valuable ($11.3 billion). These estimates provide important information for evaluating the trade‐offs of various uses of forage fish across ecosystem types, latitudes and globally. We did not estimate a monetary value for supportive contributions of forage fish to recreational fisheries or to uses unrelated to fisheries, and thus the estimates of economic value reported herein understate the global value of forage fishes.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords><term xml:id="faf12004-kwd-0001">Ecosystem service</term><term xml:id="faf12004-kwd-0002">ecosystem‐based management</term><term xml:id="faf12004-kwd-0003">fisheries value</term><term xml:id="faf12004-kwd-0004">forage fish</term><term xml:id="faf12004-kwd-0005">supportive values</term><term xml:id="faf12004-kwd-0006">trade‐offs</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Original Article</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: 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date="2015-10-07"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">43</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">64</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo><lineatedText><line><b>Correspondence:</b></line><line>Konstantine J Rountos, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Discovery Hall 165, Stony Brook, NY 11794‐5000, USA</line><line>Tel.: +1 631 632 9325</line><line>Fax: +1 631 632 8820</line><line>E‐mail: <email>krountos@gmail.com</email></line></lineatedText></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:FAF.FAF12004.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">The global contribution of forage fish to marine fisheries and ecosystems</title><title type="shortAuthors">E K Pikitch <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#faf12004-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" noteRef="#faf12004-note-0001" xml:id="faf12004-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>Ellen 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xml:id="faf12004-cr-0016"><personName><givenNames>Keith</givenNames> <familyName>Sainsbury</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#faf12004-aff-0012" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12004-cr-0017"><personName><givenNames>Robert S</givenNames> <familyName>Steneck</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#faf12004-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12004-cr-0018"><personName><givenNames>Tess M</givenNames> <familyName>Geers</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#faf12004-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12004-cr-0019"><personName><givenNames>Natasha</givenNames> <familyName>Gownaris</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#faf12004-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12004-cr-0020"><personName><givenNames>Stephan B</givenNames> <familyName>Munch</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="faf12004-aff-0001"><orgDiv>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences</orgDiv> <orgName>Stony Brook University</orgName> <address><city>Stony Brook</city> <countryPart>NY</countryPart> <postCode>11794‐5000</postCode> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="faf12004-aff-0002"><orgDiv>School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences</orgDiv> <orgName>University of Washington</orgName> <address><city>Seattle</city><countryPart>WA</countryPart><postCode> 98195‐5020</postCode><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="faf12004-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Fisheries Centre</orgDiv><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><city>Vancouver</city><countryPart>BC</countryPart><country>Canada</country><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="faf12004-aff-0004"><orgDiv>Department of Biology</orgDiv> <orgName>University of Washington</orgName><address><city>Seattle</city><countryPart>WA</countryPart><postCode>98195‐1800</postCode><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="GB" type="organization" xml:id="faf12004-aff-0005"><orgDiv>NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit</orgDiv><orgDiv>Gatty Marine Laboratory</orgDiv> <orgName>University of St Andrews</orgName><address><city>St Andrews</city> <countryPart>Fife</countryPart><postCode>KY16 8LB</postCode> <country>UK</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="FR" type="organization" xml:id="faf12004-aff-0006"><orgDiv>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</orgDiv> <orgName>UMR EME‐212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale</orgName><address><postCode>BP 171, 34203</postCode> <city>Séte Cedex</city> <country>France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="faf12004-aff-0007"><orgDiv>Department of Fisheries and Wildlife</orgDiv><orgName>Oregon State University</orgName><address><city>Corvallis</city><countryPart>OR</countryPart><postCode>97331‐4501</postCode><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="faf12004-aff-0008"><orgName>University of Maryland</orgName><orgDiv>Center for Environmental Science</orgDiv><address><city>Cambridge</city><countryPart>MD</countryPart><postCode>21613</postCode> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="faf12004-aff-0009"><orgDiv>Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics</orgDiv> <orgName>University of California</orgName><address><city>Santa Cruz</city><countryPart>CA</countryPart><postCode>95064</postCode><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="AU" type="organization" xml:id="faf12004-aff-0010"><orgName>CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research</orgName><address><city>Hobart</city><countryPart>Tasmania</countryPart><postCode>7000</postCode><country>Australia</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="AU" type="organization" xml:id="faf12004-aff-0011"><orgDiv>Institute of Marine and Antarctic Science</orgDiv><orgName>University of Tasmania</orgName><address><city>Sandy Bay</city><countryPart>Tasmania</countryPart><country>Australia</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="faf12004-aff-0012"><orgDiv>School of Marine Sciences</orgDiv> <orgName>University of Maine</orgName> <address><city>Walpole</city><countryPart>ME</countryPart><postCode>04573</postCode><country>USA</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="faf12004-kwd-0001">Ecosystem service</keyword><keyword xml:id="faf12004-kwd-0002">ecosystem‐based management</keyword><keyword xml:id="faf12004-kwd-0003">fisheries value</keyword><keyword xml:id="faf12004-kwd-0004">forage fish</keyword><keyword xml:id="faf12004-kwd-0005">supportive values</keyword><keyword xml:id="faf12004-kwd-0006">trade‐offs</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Lenfest Ocean Programme</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Lenfest Forage Fish Task Force</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><supportingInformation><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting" mimeType="application/msword" href="urn-x:wiley:14672960:media:faf12004:faf12004-sup-0001-AppendixS1"></mediaResource><caption><b>Appendix S1.</b> Full references for <fc>E</fc>copath models used in this analysis in alphabetical order.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting" mimeType="application/msword" href="urn-x:wiley:14672960:media:faf12004:faf12004-sup-0002-AppendixS2"></mediaResource><caption><b>Appendix S2.</b> Supplementary Tables (Tables S1 and S2).</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:id="faf12004-abs-0001"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Forage fish play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems and economies worldwide by sustaining many predators and fisheries directly and indirectly. We estimate global forage fish contributions to marine ecosystems through a synthesis of 72 published <fc>E</fc>copath models from around the world. Three distinct contributions of forage fish were examined: (i) the ecological support service of forage fish to predators in marine ecosystems, (ii) the total catch and value of forage fisheries and (iii) the support service of forage fish to the catch and value of other commercially targeted predators. Forage fish use and value varied and exhibited patterns across latitudes and ecosystem types. Forage fish supported many kinds of predators, including fish, seabirds, marine mammals and squid. Overall, forage fish contribute a total of about $16.9 billion <fc>USD</fc> to global fisheries values annually, i.e. 20% of the global ex‐vessel catch values of all marine fisheries combined. While the global catch value of forage fisheries was $5.6 billion, fisheries supported by forage fish were more than twice as valuable ($11.3 billion). These estimates provide important information for evaluating the trade‐offs of various uses of forage fish across ecosystem types, latitudes and globally. We did not estimate a monetary value for supportive contributions of forage fish to recreational fisheries or to uses unrelated to fisheries, and thus the estimates of economic value reported herein understate the global value of forage fishes.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup xml:id="faf12004-ntgp-0001"><note xml:id="faf12004-note-0001"><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>The global contribution of forage fish to marine fisheries and ecosystems</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>The global contribution of forage fish to marine fisheries and ecosystems</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ellen K</namePart><namePart type="family">Pikitch</namePart><affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</affiliation><description>These authors contributed equally to this work.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Konstantine J</namePart><namePart type="family">Rountos</namePart><affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</affiliation><description>These authors contributed equally to this work.</description><affiliation>Konstantine J Rountos, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Discovery Hall 165, Stony Brook, NY 11794‐5000, USATel.: +1 631 632 9325Fax: +1 631 632 8820E‐mail:</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: krountos@gmail.com</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Timothy E</namePart><namePart type="family">Essington</namePart><affiliation>School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, WA, 98195‐5020, Seattle, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Christine</namePart><namePart type="family">Santora</namePart><affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Daniel</namePart><namePart type="family">Pauly</namePart><affiliation>Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Reg</namePart><namePart type="family">Watson</namePart><affiliation>Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ussif R</namePart><namePart type="family">Sumaila</namePart><affiliation>Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P Dee</namePart><namePart type="family">Boersma</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Washington, WA, 98195‐1800, Seattle, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ian L</namePart><namePart type="family">Boyd</namePart><affiliation>NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, St Andrews, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David O</namePart><namePart type="family">Conover</namePart><affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Philippe</namePart><namePart type="family">Cury</namePart><affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME‐212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, BP 171, 34203, Séte Cedex, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Selina S</namePart><namePart type="family">Heppell</namePart><affiliation>Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, OR, 97331‐4501, Corvallis, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Edward D</namePart><namePart type="family">Houde</namePart><affiliation>Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, MD, 21613, Cambridge, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marc</namePart><namePart type="family">Mangel</namePart><affiliation>Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, CA, 95064, Santa Cruz, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Éva</namePart><namePart type="family">Plagányi</namePart><affiliation>CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Tasmania, 7000, Hobart, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Keith</namePart><namePart type="family">Sainsbury</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert S</namePart><namePart type="family">Steneck</namePart><affiliation>School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, ME, 04573, Walpole, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tess M</namePart><namePart type="family">Geers</namePart><affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Natasha</namePart><namePart type="family">Gownaris</namePart><affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stephan B</namePart><namePart type="family">Munch</namePart><affiliation>School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794‐5000, Stony Brook, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2014-03</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2012-08-09</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2012-02-21</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2012-07-26</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2014</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract>Forage fish play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems and economies worldwide by sustaining many predators and fisheries directly and indirectly. We estimate global forage fish contributions to marine ecosystems through a synthesis of 72 published Ecopath models from around the world. Three distinct contributions of forage fish were examined: (i) the ecological support service of forage fish to predators in marine ecosystems, (ii) the total catch and value of forage fisheries and (iii) the support service of forage fish to the catch and value of other commercially targeted predators. Forage fish use and value varied and exhibited patterns across latitudes and ecosystem types. Forage fish supported many kinds of predators, including fish, seabirds, marine mammals and squid. Overall, forage fish contribute a total of about $16.9 billion USD to global fisheries values annually, i.e. 20% of the global ex‐vessel catch values of all marine fisheries combined. While the global catch value of forage fisheries was $5.6 billion, fisheries supported by forage fish were more than twice as valuable ($11.3 billion). These estimates provide important information for evaluating the trade‐offs of various uses of forage fish across ecosystem types, latitudes and globally. We did not estimate a monetary value for supportive contributions of forage fish to recreational fisheries or to uses unrelated to fisheries, and thus the estimates of economic value reported herein understate the global value of forage fishes.</abstract><note type="additional physical form">Appendix S1. Full references for Ecopath models used in this analysis in alphabetical order.Appendix S2. Supplementary Tables (Tables S1 and S2).</note><note type="funding">Lenfest Ocean Programme</note><note type="funding">Lenfest Forage Fish Task Force</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Ecosystem service</topic><topic>ecosystem‐based management</topic><topic>fisheries value</topic><topic>forage fish</topic><topic>supportive values</topic><topic>trade‐offs</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Fish and Fisheries</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Fish Fish</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Original Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1467-2960</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1467-2979</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1467-2979</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">FAF</identifier><part><date>2014</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>43</start><end>64</end><total>22</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">D0EEAC112549B0399AE46C3B2F8436EF6602F524</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-6C2W8702-B</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/faf.12004</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">FAF12004</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd© 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D0EEAC112549B0399AE46C3B2F8436EF6602F524/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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