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Interlaboratory study for coral Sr/Ca and other element/Ca ratio measurements

Identifieur interne : 000346 ( Istex/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000345; suivant : 000347

Interlaboratory study for coral Sr/Ca and other element/Ca ratio measurements

Auteurs : Ed C. Hathorne [Allemagne] ; Alex Gagnon [États-Unis] ; Thomas Felis [Allemagne] ; Jess Adkins [États-Unis] ; Ryuji Asami [Japon] ; Wim Boer [Pays-Bas] ; Nicolas Caillon [France] ; David Case [États-Unis] ; Kim M. Cobb [États-Unis] ; Eric Douville [France] ; Peter Demenocal [États-Unis] ; Anton Eisenhauer [Allemagne] ; Dieter Garbe-Schönberg [Allemagne] ; Walter Geibert [Royaume-Uni] ; Steven Goldstein [États-Unis] ; Konrad Hughen [États-Unis] ; Mayuri Inoue [Japon] ; Hodaka Kawahata [Japon] ; Martin Kölling [Allemagne] ; Florence L. Cornec ; Braddock K. Linsley [États-Unis] ; Helen V. Mcgregor [Australie] ; Paolo Montagna [États-Unis] ; Intan S. Nurhati [États-Unis, Singapour, Indonésie] ; Terrence M. Quinn [États-Unis] ; Jacek Raddatz [Allemagne] ; Hélène Rebaubier [France] ; Laura Robinson [États-Unis] ; Aleksey Sadekov [Royaume-Uni] ; Rob Sherrell [États-Unis] ; Dan Sinclair [États-Unis] ; Alexander W. Tudhope [Royaume-Uni] ; Gangjian Wei ; Henri Wong [Australie] ; Henry C. Wu [États-Unis, Allemagne] ; Chen-Feng You [Taïwan]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:FE037BBA55109BCD46A11C8BB68D67A9DE1A6F23

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

The Sr/Ca ratio of coral aragonite is used to reconstruct past sea surface temperature (SST). Twenty‐one laboratories took part in an interlaboratory study of coral Sr/Ca measurements. Results show interlaboratory bias can be significant, and in the extreme case could result in a range in SST estimates of 7°C. However, most of the data fall within a narrower range and the Porites coral reference material JCp‐1 is now characterized well enough to have a certified Sr/Ca value of 8.838 mmol/mol with an expanded uncertainty of 0.089 mmol/mol following International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG) guidelines. This uncertainty, at the 95% confidence level, equates to 1.5°C for SST estimates using Porites, so is approaching fitness for purpose. The comparable median within laboratory error is <0.5°C. This difference in uncertainties illustrates the interlaboratory bias component that should be reduced through the use of reference materials like the JCp‐1. There are many potential sources contributing to biases in comparative methods but traces of Sr in Ca standards and uncertainties in reference solution composition can account for half of the combined uncertainty. Consensus values that fulfil the requirements to be certified values were also obtained for Mg/Ca in JCp‐1 and for Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios in the JCt‐1 giant clam reference material. Reference values with variable fitness for purpose have also been obtained for Li/Ca, B/Ca, Ba/Ca, and U/Ca in both reference materials. In future, studies reporting coral element/Ca data should also report the average value obtained for a reference material such as the JCp‐1.

Url:
DOI: 10.1002/ggge.20230


Affiliations:


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ISTEX:FE037BBA55109BCD46A11C8BB68D67A9DE1A6F23

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<name sortKey="Caillon, Nicolas" sort="Caillon, Nicolas" uniqKey="Caillon N" first="Nicolas" last="Caillon">Nicolas Caillon</name>
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<name sortKey="Cobb, Kim M" sort="Cobb, Kim M" uniqKey="Cobb K" first="Kim M." last="Cobb">Kim M. Cobb</name>
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<name sortKey="Douville, Eric" sort="Douville, Eric" uniqKey="Douville E" first="Eric" last="Douville">Eric Douville</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Singapore‐MIT Alliance for Research and Technology</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Oceanography and Marine Technology, Surya University</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Surya University</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Quinn, Terrence M" sort="Quinn, Terrence M" uniqKey="Quinn T" first="Terrence M." last="Quinn">Terrence M. Quinn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, Austin</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Texas à Austin</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Austin (Texas)</settlement>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Raddatz, Jacek" sort="Raddatz, Jacek" uniqKey="Raddatz J" first="Jacek" last="Raddatz">Jacek Raddatz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="2">Schleswig-Holstein</region>
<settlement type="city">Kiel</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rebaubier, Helene" sort="Rebaubier, Helene" uniqKey="Rebaubier H" first="Hélène" last="Rebaubier">Hélène Rebaubier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>LSCE/IPSL, UMR‐8212 CNRS‐CEA‐UVSQ, Domaine du CNRS, Gif‐sur‐Yvette</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gif‐sur‐Yvette</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Gif‐sur‐Yvette</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Robinson, Laura" sort="Robinson, Laura" uniqKey="Robinson L" first="Laura" last="Robinson">Laura Robinson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sadekov, Aleksey" sort="Sadekov, Aleksey" uniqKey="Sadekov A" first="Aleksey" last="Sadekov">Aleksey Sadekov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Now at Department of Earth Sciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sherrell, Rob" sort="Sherrell, Rob" uniqKey="Sherrell R" first="Rob" last="Sherrell">Rob Sherrell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey, New Brunswick</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université Rutgers</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">New Brunswick (New Jersey)</settlement>
<region type="state">New Jersey</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sinclair, Dan" sort="Sinclair, Dan" uniqKey="Sinclair D" first="Dan" last="Sinclair">Dan Sinclair</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey, New Brunswick</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université Rutgers</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">New Brunswick (New Jersey)</settlement>
<region type="state">New Jersey</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tudhope, Alexander W" sort="Tudhope, Alexander W" uniqKey="Tudhope A" first="Alexander W." last="Tudhope">Alexander W. Tudhope</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wei, Gangjian" sort="Wei, Gangjian" uniqKey="Wei G" first="Gangjian" last="Wei">Gangjian Wei</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Guangdong</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wong, Henri" sort="Wong, Henri" uniqKey="Wong H" first="Henri" last="Wong">Henri Wong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Institute for Environmental Research, New South Wales, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wu, Henry C" sort="Wu, Henry C" uniqKey="Wu H" first="Henry C." last="Wu">Henry C. Wu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany‐State University of New York, Albany, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Now at MARUM‐Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="3">Brême (Land)</region>
<settlement type="city">Brême</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="You, Chen Eng" sort="You, Chen Eng" uniqKey="You C" first="Chen-Feng" last="You">Chen-Feng You</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tainan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series>
<title level="j" type="main">Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems</title>
<title level="j" type="alt">GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOSYSTEMS</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1525-2027</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1525-2027</idno>
<imprint>
<biblScope unit="vol">14</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="3730">3730</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="3750">3750</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page-count">21</biblScope>
<date type="published" when="2013-09">2013-09</date>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">1525-2027</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt>
<idno type="ISSN">1525-2027</idno>
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<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Accreditation qual</term>
<term>Acta</term>
<term>Analytical model</term>
<term>Appropriate data point</term>
<term>Atmospheric sciences</term>
<term>Average slope</term>
<term>Average value</term>
<term>Average values</term>
<term>Bremen</term>
<term>Calibration standards</term>
<term>California institute</term>
<term>Carbonate</term>
<term>Columbia university</term>
<term>Consensus values</term>
<term>Coral</term>
<term>Coral figure</term>
<term>Coral measurements</term>
<term>Coral ratio data report</term>
<term>Coral ratios</term>
<term>Coral record</term>
<term>Coral reference materials</term>
<term>Coral samples</term>
<term>Coral skeleton</term>
<term>Coral skeletons</term>
<term>Coral table</term>
<term>Correge</term>
<term>Cosmochim</term>
<term>Coverage factor</term>
<term>Current study</term>
<term>Data sets</term>
<term>Deviation number</term>
<term>Different batches</term>
<term>Different bottles</term>
<term>Different dissolutions</term>
<term>Different laboratories</term>
<term>Different labs</term>
<term>Different materials</term>
<term>Different techniques</term>
<term>Dissolution</term>
<term>Dissolution acid</term>
<term>Earth sciences</term>
<term>Environmental research</term>
<term>Environmental sciences</term>
<term>Error bars</term>
<term>External precision</term>
<term>External reproducibility</term>
<term>Extreme case</term>
<term>Felis</term>
<term>Full assessment</term>
<term>General information</term>
<term>Geochem</term>
<term>Geochemical</term>
<term>Geochemical analysis</term>
<term>Geochemistry</term>
<term>Geochim</term>
<term>Geological survey</term>
<term>Geophys</term>
<term>Georem database</term>
<term>Georgia institute</term>
<term>Geostand</term>
<term>Geosyst</term>
<term>Giant clam</term>
<term>Giant clam reference material</term>
<term>Gray area</term>
<term>Hathorne</term>
<term>Homogeneity test results</term>
<term>Homogeneity tests</term>
<term>Homogenous reference material</term>
<term>Impurity</term>
<term>Inductively</term>
<term>Info value</term>
<term>Initial studies</term>
<term>Inoue</term>
<term>Intensity ratios</term>
<term>Interlaboratory</term>
<term>Interlaboratory bias</term>
<term>Interlaboratory bias component</term>
<term>Interlaboratory comparisons</term>
<term>Interlaboratory study</term>
<term>Internal reproducibility</term>
<term>International association</term>
<term>Iodp expedition</term>
<term>Isotope</term>
<term>Isotope dilution</term>
<term>Isotope geochemistry</term>
<term>Isotope ratios</term>
<term>Kane</term>
<term>Kawahata</term>
<term>Kiel</term>
<term>Lab</term>
<term>Laboratory error</term>
<term>Many elements</term>
<term>Many laboratories</term>
<term>Marine chemistry</term>
<term>Matrix</term>
<term>Matrix effects</term>
<term>Mcculloch</term>
<term>Measurement methods</term>
<term>Median</term>
<term>Ocean research kiel</term>
<term>Okai</term>
<term>Other elements</term>
<term>Other laboratories</term>
<term>Other ratio measurements</term>
<term>Planetary sciences</term>
<term>Plasma mass spectrometry</term>
<term>Porites</term>
<term>Porites corals</term>
<term>Precision contest</term>
<term>Provisional value</term>
<term>Quantifying uncertainty</term>
<term>Recent years</term>
<term>Reference material</term>
<term>Reference materials</term>
<term>Reference values</term>
<term>Reproducibility</term>
<term>Reproducibility ratio</term>
<term>Residual organics</term>
<term>Robust</term>
<term>Same manner</term>
<term>Same manufacturer</term>
<term>Schrag</term>
<term>Sinclair</term>
<term>Single dissolution</term>
<term>Skeleton</term>
<term>Spectrometry</term>
<term>Spike</term>
<term>Spike calibration</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
<term>Standard deviations</term>
<term>Standard solution</term>
<term>Standard solutions</term>
<term>Standard uncertainty</term>
<term>Statistical methods</term>
<term>Surface conditions</term>
<term>Surface temperature</term>
<term>Test portion dissolutions</term>
<term>Test portion size</term>
<term>Test portions</term>
<term>Trace elements</term>
<term>Uncertainty</term>
<term>Water temperature</term>
<term>Weight uncertainty</term>
<term>Woods hole</term>
<term>Youden plots</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en">
<term>Accreditation qual</term>
<term>Acta</term>
<term>Analytical model</term>
<term>Appropriate data point</term>
<term>Atmospheric sciences</term>
<term>Average slope</term>
<term>Average value</term>
<term>Average values</term>
<term>Bremen</term>
<term>Calibration standards</term>
<term>California institute</term>
<term>Carbonate</term>
<term>Columbia university</term>
<term>Consensus values</term>
<term>Coral</term>
<term>Coral figure</term>
<term>Coral measurements</term>
<term>Coral ratio data report</term>
<term>Coral ratios</term>
<term>Coral record</term>
<term>Coral reference materials</term>
<term>Coral samples</term>
<term>Coral skeleton</term>
<term>Coral skeletons</term>
<term>Coral table</term>
<term>Correge</term>
<term>Cosmochim</term>
<term>Coverage factor</term>
<term>Current study</term>
<term>Data sets</term>
<term>Deviation number</term>
<term>Different batches</term>
<term>Different bottles</term>
<term>Different dissolutions</term>
<term>Different laboratories</term>
<term>Different labs</term>
<term>Different materials</term>
<term>Different techniques</term>
<term>Dissolution</term>
<term>Dissolution acid</term>
<term>Earth sciences</term>
<term>Environmental research</term>
<term>Environmental sciences</term>
<term>Error bars</term>
<term>External precision</term>
<term>External reproducibility</term>
<term>Extreme case</term>
<term>Felis</term>
<term>Full assessment</term>
<term>General information</term>
<term>Geochem</term>
<term>Geochemical</term>
<term>Geochemical analysis</term>
<term>Geochemistry</term>
<term>Geochim</term>
<term>Geological survey</term>
<term>Geophys</term>
<term>Georem database</term>
<term>Georgia institute</term>
<term>Geostand</term>
<term>Geosyst</term>
<term>Giant clam</term>
<term>Giant clam reference material</term>
<term>Gray area</term>
<term>Hathorne</term>
<term>Homogeneity test results</term>
<term>Homogeneity tests</term>
<term>Homogenous reference material</term>
<term>Impurity</term>
<term>Inductively</term>
<term>Info value</term>
<term>Initial studies</term>
<term>Inoue</term>
<term>Intensity ratios</term>
<term>Interlaboratory</term>
<term>Interlaboratory bias</term>
<term>Interlaboratory bias component</term>
<term>Interlaboratory comparisons</term>
<term>Interlaboratory study</term>
<term>Internal reproducibility</term>
<term>International association</term>
<term>Iodp expedition</term>
<term>Isotope</term>
<term>Isotope dilution</term>
<term>Isotope geochemistry</term>
<term>Isotope ratios</term>
<term>Kane</term>
<term>Kawahata</term>
<term>Kiel</term>
<term>Lab</term>
<term>Laboratory error</term>
<term>Many elements</term>
<term>Many laboratories</term>
<term>Marine chemistry</term>
<term>Matrix</term>
<term>Matrix effects</term>
<term>Mcculloch</term>
<term>Measurement methods</term>
<term>Median</term>
<term>Ocean research kiel</term>
<term>Okai</term>
<term>Other elements</term>
<term>Other laboratories</term>
<term>Other ratio measurements</term>
<term>Planetary sciences</term>
<term>Plasma mass spectrometry</term>
<term>Porites</term>
<term>Porites corals</term>
<term>Precision contest</term>
<term>Provisional value</term>
<term>Quantifying uncertainty</term>
<term>Recent years</term>
<term>Reference material</term>
<term>Reference materials</term>
<term>Reference values</term>
<term>Reproducibility</term>
<term>Reproducibility ratio</term>
<term>Residual organics</term>
<term>Robust</term>
<term>Same manner</term>
<term>Same manufacturer</term>
<term>Schrag</term>
<term>Sinclair</term>
<term>Single dissolution</term>
<term>Skeleton</term>
<term>Spectrometry</term>
<term>Spike</term>
<term>Spike calibration</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
<term>Standard deviations</term>
<term>Standard solution</term>
<term>Standard solutions</term>
<term>Standard uncertainty</term>
<term>Statistical methods</term>
<term>Surface conditions</term>
<term>Surface temperature</term>
<term>Test portion dissolutions</term>
<term>Test portion size</term>
<term>Test portions</term>
<term>Trace elements</term>
<term>Uncertainty</term>
<term>Water temperature</term>
<term>Weight uncertainty</term>
<term>Woods hole</term>
<term>Youden plots</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Brême</term>
<term>Sciences de la terre</term>
<term>Recherche sur l'environnement</term>
<term>Géochimie</term>
<term>Spectrométrie</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract">The Sr/Ca ratio of coral aragonite is used to reconstruct past sea surface temperature (SST). Twenty‐one laboratories took part in an interlaboratory study of coral Sr/Ca measurements. Results show interlaboratory bias can be significant, and in the extreme case could result in a range in SST estimates of 7°C. However, most of the data fall within a narrower range and the Porites coral reference material JCp‐1 is now characterized well enough to have a certified Sr/Ca value of 8.838 mmol/mol with an expanded uncertainty of 0.089 mmol/mol following International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG) guidelines. This uncertainty, at the 95% confidence level, equates to 1.5°C for SST estimates using Porites, so is approaching fitness for purpose. The comparable median within laboratory error is <0.5°C. This difference in uncertainties illustrates the interlaboratory bias component that should be reduced through the use of reference materials like the JCp‐1. There are many potential sources contributing to biases in comparative methods but traces of Sr in Ca standards and uncertainties in reference solution composition can account for half of the combined uncertainty. Consensus values that fulfil the requirements to be certified values were also obtained for Mg/Ca in JCp‐1 and for Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios in the JCt‐1 giant clam reference material. Reference values with variable fitness for purpose have also been obtained for Li/Ca, B/Ca, Ba/Ca, and U/Ca in both reference materials. In future, studies reporting coral element/Ca data should also report the average value obtained for a reference material such as the JCp‐1.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Indonésie</li>
<li>Japon</li>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Singapour</li>
<li>Taïwan</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Brême (Land)</li>
<li>Californie</li>
<li>Géorgie (États-Unis)</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
<li>Missouri (État)</li>
<li>New Jersey</li>
<li>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</li>
<li>Région de Kantō</li>
<li>Schleswig-Holstein</li>
<li>Texas</li>
<li>Washington (État)</li>
<li>Écosse</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Austin (Texas)</li>
<li>Brême</li>
<li>Kiel</li>
<li>New Brunswick (New Jersey)</li>
<li>New York</li>
<li>Seattle</li>
<li>Sydney</li>
<li>Tokyo</li>
<li>Édimbourg</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université Columbia</li>
<li>Université Rutgers</li>
<li>Université d'Édimbourg</li>
<li>Université de Tokyo</li>
<li>Université de Washington</li>
<li>Université du Texas à Austin</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<noCountry>
<name sortKey="Cornec, Florence L" sort="Cornec, Florence L" uniqKey="Cornec F" first="Florence L." last="Cornec">Florence L. Cornec</name>
<name sortKey="Wei, Gangjian" sort="Wei, Gangjian" uniqKey="Wei G" first="Gangjian" last="Wei">Gangjian Wei</name>
</noCountry>
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<region name="Schleswig-Holstein">
<name sortKey="Hathorne, Ed C" sort="Hathorne, Ed C" uniqKey="Hathorne E" first="Ed C." last="Hathorne">Ed C. Hathorne</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Eisenhauer, Anton" sort="Eisenhauer, Anton" uniqKey="Eisenhauer A" first="Anton" last="Eisenhauer">Anton Eisenhauer</name>
<name sortKey="Felis, Thomas" sort="Felis, Thomas" uniqKey="Felis T" first="Thomas" last="Felis">Thomas Felis</name>
<name sortKey="Garbe Chonberg, Dieter" sort="Garbe Chonberg, Dieter" uniqKey="Garbe Chonberg D" first="Dieter" last="Garbe-Schönberg">Dieter Garbe-Schönberg</name>
<name sortKey="Hathorne, Ed C" sort="Hathorne, Ed C" uniqKey="Hathorne E" first="Ed C." last="Hathorne">Ed C. Hathorne</name>
<name sortKey="Hathorne, Ed C" sort="Hathorne, Ed C" uniqKey="Hathorne E" first="Ed C." last="Hathorne">Ed C. Hathorne</name>
<name sortKey="Kolling, Martin" sort="Kolling, Martin" uniqKey="Kolling M" first="Martin" last="Kölling">Martin Kölling</name>
<name sortKey="Raddatz, Jacek" sort="Raddatz, Jacek" uniqKey="Raddatz J" first="Jacek" last="Raddatz">Jacek Raddatz</name>
<name sortKey="Wu, Henry C" sort="Wu, Henry C" uniqKey="Wu H" first="Henry C." last="Wu">Henry C. Wu</name>
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<country name="États-Unis">
<region name="Californie">
<name sortKey="Gagnon, Alex" sort="Gagnon, Alex" uniqKey="Gagnon A" first="Alex" last="Gagnon">Alex Gagnon</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Adkins, Jess" sort="Adkins, Jess" uniqKey="Adkins J" first="Jess" last="Adkins">Jess Adkins</name>
<name sortKey="Case, David" sort="Case, David" uniqKey="Case D" first="David" last="Case">David Case</name>
<name sortKey="Case, David" sort="Case, David" uniqKey="Case D" first="David" last="Case">David Case</name>
<name sortKey="Cobb, Kim M" sort="Cobb, Kim M" uniqKey="Cobb K" first="Kim M." last="Cobb">Kim M. Cobb</name>
<name sortKey="Demenocal, Peter" sort="Demenocal, Peter" uniqKey="Demenocal P" first="Peter" last="Demenocal">Peter Demenocal</name>
<name sortKey="Gagnon, Alex" sort="Gagnon, Alex" uniqKey="Gagnon A" first="Alex" last="Gagnon">Alex Gagnon</name>
<name sortKey="Goldstein, Steven" sort="Goldstein, Steven" uniqKey="Goldstein S" first="Steven" last="Goldstein">Steven Goldstein</name>
<name sortKey="Hughen, Konrad" sort="Hughen, Konrad" uniqKey="Hughen K" first="Konrad" last="Hughen">Konrad Hughen</name>
<name sortKey="Linsley, Braddock K" sort="Linsley, Braddock K" uniqKey="Linsley B" first="Braddock K." last="Linsley">Braddock K. Linsley</name>
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