Paleoparasitological Surveys for Detection of Helminth Eggs in Archaeological Sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do
Identifieur interne : 000242 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000241; suivant : 000243Paleoparasitological Surveys for Detection of Helminth Eggs in Archaeological Sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do
Auteurs : Myeong-Ju Kim ; Dong Hoon Shin ; Mi-Jin Song ; Hye-Young Song ; Min SeoSource :
- The Korean Journal of Parasitology [ 0023-4001 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
A paleoparasitological survey to detect helminth eggs was performed in archaeological sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 593 soil samples were collected in 12 sites of Jeolla-do and 5 sites of Jeju-do from April to November 2011, and examined by the methods of Pike and coworkers. A total of 4 helminth eggs, 2 eggs each for
Url:
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.489
PubMed: 24039296
PubMed Central: 3770884
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3770884Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Paleoparasitological Surveys for Detection of Helminth Eggs in Archaeological Sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do</title><author><name sortKey="Kim, Myeong Ju" sort="Kim, Myeong Ju" uniqKey="Kim M" first="Myeong-Ju" last="Kim">Myeong-Ju Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dong Hoon" sort="Shin, Dong Hoon" uniqKey="Shin D" first="Dong Hoon" last="Shin">Dong Hoon Shin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Mi Jin" sort="Song, Mi Jin" uniqKey="Song M" first="Mi-Jin" last="Song">Mi-Jin Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Jeonnam Cultural Property Research Center, Naju 520-090, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Hye Young" sort="Song, Hye Young" uniqKey="Song H" first="Hye-Young" last="Song">Hye-Young Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Jeonnam Cultural Property Research Center, Naju 520-090, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seo, Min" sort="Seo, Min" uniqKey="Seo M" first="Min" last="Seo">Min Seo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Mummy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24039296</idno><idno type="pmc">3770884</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3770884</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3770884</idno><idno type="doi">10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.489</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000242</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000242</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Paleoparasitological Surveys for Detection of Helminth Eggs in Archaeological Sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do</title><author><name sortKey="Kim, Myeong Ju" sort="Kim, Myeong Ju" uniqKey="Kim M" first="Myeong-Ju" last="Kim">Myeong-Ju Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dong Hoon" sort="Shin, Dong Hoon" uniqKey="Shin D" first="Dong Hoon" last="Shin">Dong Hoon Shin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Mi Jin" sort="Song, Mi Jin" uniqKey="Song M" first="Mi-Jin" last="Song">Mi-Jin Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Jeonnam Cultural Property Research Center, Naju 520-090, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Hye Young" sort="Song, Hye Young" uniqKey="Song H" first="Hye-Young" last="Song">Hye-Young Song</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Jeonnam Cultural Property Research Center, Naju 520-090, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seo, Min" sort="Seo, Min" uniqKey="Seo M" first="Min" last="Seo">Min Seo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Mummy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea.</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Korean Journal of Parasitology</title><idno type="ISSN">0023-4001</idno><idno type="eISSN">1738-0006</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>A paleoparasitological survey to detect helminth eggs was performed in archaeological sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 593 soil samples were collected in 12 sites of Jeolla-do and 5 sites of Jeju-do from April to November 2011, and examined by the methods of Pike and coworkers. A total of 4 helminth eggs, 2 eggs each for <italic>Trichuris trichiura</italic> and <italic>Ascaris</italic> sp., were found in soil samples from 1 site, in Hyangyang-ri, Jangheung-eup, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do. The egg-recovery layer was presumed to represent a 19th century farm, which fact suggested the use of human manures. This is the third archaeological discovery of parasite eggs in Jeolla-do. Additionally, no helminth eggs in archaeological sites of Jeju-do is an interesting problem to be solved in the further investigations.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Lf" uniqKey="Ferreira L">LF Ferreira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Britto, C" uniqKey="Britto C">C Britto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cardoso, Ma" uniqKey="Cardoso M">MA Cardoso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez, O" uniqKey="Fernandez O">O Fernandez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reinhard, K" uniqKey="Reinhard K">K Reinhard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Araujo, A" uniqKey="Araujo A">A Araujo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seo, M" uniqKey="Seo M">M Seo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guk, Sm" uniqKey="Guk S">SM Guk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, J" uniqKey="Kim J">J Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chai, Jy" uniqKey="Chai J">JY Chai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bok, Gd" uniqKey="Bok G">GD Bok</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Ss" uniqKey="Park S">SS Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Cs" uniqKey="Oh C">CS Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Mj" uniqKey="Kim M">MJ Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yil, Ys" uniqKey="Yil Y">YS Yil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Mh" uniqKey="Shin M">MH Shin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, Iu" uniqKey="Kang I">IU Kang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dh" uniqKey="Shin D">DH Shin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seo, M" uniqKey="Seo M">M Seo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Cs" uniqKey="Oh C">CS Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chai, Jy" uniqKey="Chai J">JY Chai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sj" uniqKey="Lee S">SJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Jb" uniqKey="Park J">JB Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Bh" uniqKey="Lee B">BH Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Jh" uniqKey="Park J">JH Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Gh" uniqKey="Cho G">GH Cho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hong, Dw" uniqKey="Hong D">DW Hong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Hu" uniqKey="Park H">HU Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dh" uniqKey="Shin D">DH Shin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dh" uniqKey="Shin D">DH Shin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Cs" uniqKey="Oh C">CS Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sj" uniqKey="Lee S">SJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chai, Jy" uniqKey="Chai J">JY Chai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jl" uniqKey="Kim J">JL Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sd" uniqKey="Lee S">SD Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Jb" uniqKey="Park J">JB Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Ih" uniqKey="Choi I">IH Choi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Hj" uniqKey="Lee H">HJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seo, M" uniqKey="Seo M">M Seo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dh" uniqKey="Shin D">DH Shin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Cs" uniqKey="Oh C">CS Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, T" uniqKey="Chung T">T Chung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yi, Ys" uniqKey="Yi Y">YS Yi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chai, Jy" uniqKey="Chai J">JY Chai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seo, M" uniqKey="Seo M">M Seo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dh" uniqKey="Shin D">DH Shin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chai, Jy" uniqKey="Chai J">JY Chai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Ea" uniqKey="Park E">EA Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, W" uniqKey="Lee W">W Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, H" uniqKey="Lee H">H Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Js" uniqKey="Lee J">JS Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Ym" uniqKey="Choi Y">YM Choi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koh, Bj" uniqKey="Koh B">BJ Koh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Jb" uniqKey="Park J">JB Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Cs" uniqKey="Oh C">CS Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bok, Gd" uniqKey="Bok G">GD Bok</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Wl" uniqKey="Kim W">WL Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, E" uniqKey="Lee E">E Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Ej" uniqKey="Lee E">EJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seo, M" uniqKey="Seo M">M Seo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, Hj" uniqKey="Lee H">HJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dh" uniqKey="Shin D">DH Shin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seo, M" uniqKey="Seo M">M Seo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dh" uniqKey="Shin D">DH Shin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Cs" uniqKey="Oh C">CS Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chai, Jy" uniqKey="Chai J">JY Chai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Hj" uniqKey="Lee H">HJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seo, M" uniqKey="Seo M">M Seo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shin, Dh" uniqKey="Shin D">DH Shin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Cs" uniqKey="Oh C">CS Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chai, Jy" uniqKey="Chai J">JY Chai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ji, Mj" uniqKey="Ji M">MJ Ji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Hj" uniqKey="Lee H">HJ Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seo, M" uniqKey="Seo M">M Seo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, O" uniqKey="Kim O">O Kim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Donnell, Cj" uniqKey="O Donnell C">CJ O'Donnell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Kb" uniqKey="Meyer K">KB Meyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Jv" uniqKey="Jones J">JV Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benton, T" uniqKey="Benton T">T Benton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaneshiro, Es" uniqKey="Kaneshiro E">ES Kaneshiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nichols, Js" uniqKey="Nichols J">JS Nichols</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schaefer, Fw" uniqKey="Schaefer F">FW Schaefer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pike, Aw" uniqKey="Pike A">AW Pike</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jensen, Pk" uniqKey="Jensen P">PK Jensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phuc, Pd" uniqKey="Phuc P">PD Phuc</name></author><author><name sortKey="Konradsen, F" uniqKey="Konradsen F">F Konradsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klank, Lt" uniqKey="Klank L">LT Klank</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dalsgaard, A" uniqKey="Dalsgaard A">A Dalsgaard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reinhard, Kj" uniqKey="Reinhard K">KJ Reinhard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Confalonieri, Ue" uniqKey="Confalonieri U">UE Confalonieri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Herrmann, B" uniqKey="Herrmann B">B Herrmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Lf" uniqKey="Ferreira L">LF Ferreira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Araujo, Ag" uniqKey="Araujo A">AG Araujo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Da Rocha, Gc" uniqKey="Da Rocha G">GC da Rocha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harter Lailheugue, Sh" uniqKey="Harter Lailheugue S">SH Harter-Lailheugue</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le Bailly, M" uniqKey="Le Bailly M">M Le Bailly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Araujo, A" uniqKey="Araujo A">A Araujo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, Lf" uniqKey="Ferreira L">LF Ferreira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Da Serra Freire, Nm" uniqKey="Da Serra Freire N">NM da Serra-Freire</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bouchet, F" uniqKey="Bouchet F">F Bouchet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marquez Navarro, A" uniqKey="Marquez Navarro A">A Márquez-Navarro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Bracamontes, G" uniqKey="Garcia Bracamontes G">G García-Bracamontes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez Fernandez, Be" uniqKey="Alvarez Fernandez B">BE Alvarez-Fernández</name></author><author><name sortKey="Avila Caballero, Lp" uniqKey="Avila Caballero L">LP Ávila-Caballero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Santos Aranda, I" uniqKey="Santos Aranda I">I Santos-Aranda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diaz Chiguer, Dl" uniqKey="Diaz Chiguer D">DL Díaz-Chiguer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Manzano, Rm" uniqKey="Sanchez Manzano R">RM Sánchez-Manzano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Bataz, E" uniqKey="Rodriguez Bataz E">E Rodríguez-Bataz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nogueda Torres, B" uniqKey="Nogueda Torres B">B Nogueda-Torres</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Yj" uniqKey="Kim Y">YJ Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Yg" uniqKey="Kim Y">YG Kim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="brief-report"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Korean J Parasitol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Korean J. Parasitol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">KJP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Korean Journal of Parasitology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0023-4001</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1738-0006</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24039296</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3770884</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.489</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Brief Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Paleoparasitological Surveys for Detection of Helminth Eggs in Archaeological Sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Myeong-Ju</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>Dong Hoon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Song</surname><given-names>Mi-Jin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Song</surname><given-names>Hye-Young</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Seo</surname><given-names>Min</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Jeonnam Cultural Property Research Center, Naju 520-090, Korea.</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Mummy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author (<email>bbbenji@naver.com</email>)
</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>8</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>51</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>489</fpage><lpage>492</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day><month>3</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>27</day><month>7</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>31</day><month>7</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2013, Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>A paleoparasitological survey to detect helminth eggs was performed in archaeological sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 593 soil samples were collected in 12 sites of Jeolla-do and 5 sites of Jeju-do from April to November 2011, and examined by the methods of Pike and coworkers. A total of 4 helminth eggs, 2 eggs each for <italic>Trichuris trichiura</italic> and <italic>Ascaris</italic> sp., were found in soil samples from 1 site, in Hyangyang-ri, Jangheung-eup, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do. The egg-recovery layer was presumed to represent a 19th century farm, which fact suggested the use of human manures. This is the third archaeological discovery of parasite eggs in Jeolla-do. Additionally, no helminth eggs in archaeological sites of Jeju-do is an interesting problem to be solved in the further investigations.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd><italic>Ascaris</italic></kwd><kwd><italic>Trichuris trichiura</italic></kwd><kwd>paleoparasitology</kwd><kwd>Jeolla-do</kwd><kwd>Jeju-do</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><p>Parasitological examination of human coprolites obtained from archaeological sites is a proved useful tool for reconstructing of parasitic infection patterns in historical populations [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>]. Although paleoparasitological examination of coprolites from mummies or soil samples has revealed various helminth eggs in Korea, most of the ancient parasite-egg discovery sites to date are confined to Seoul and Gyonggi-do [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>]. Helminth eggs were also discovered in archaeological sites of Chungcheong-do and Gyeongsang-do [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>]. Especially, Shin et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>] detected helminth eggs in the moat ruins of the Royal Palace of Silla Dynasty in Gyeogju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do.</p><p>In Jeolla-do, only 2 paleoparasitological surveys had been performed. The 7th century soil samplings from the Wanggung-ri site, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, revealed the eggs of <italic>Ascaris lumbricoides</italic>, <italic>Trichuris trichiura</italic>, and <italic>Clonorchis sinensis</italic>. Also <italic>A. lumbricoides</italic> and <italic>T. trichiura</italic> eggs were discovered in soils from Shinchang-dong, Gwangju, dating to 2,000 years BP [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>]. However, there have been no reports on paleoparasitological discovery in Jeju-do, the home of 63,093 people in 1,435 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>]. Hence, the present study was investigated for the presence of parasite eggs in both Jeolla-do and Jeju-do. In addition, environmental factors such as pH, temperature, and soil natures had been considered to effect the preservation of eggs. Although the effect was not larger than that of temperature, the changes in pH of the samples exhibited a little effect on the destruction or viability of parasite eggs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>]. In this study, the pH of their soils were measured to know the relationship with the egg preservation.</p><p>The sampling sites were selected in consultation with archeologists, who had excavated ancient remains of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do from April to November 2011. Detailed information has been provided in <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>, respectively. Except in the case of tombs, soil-strata samples were collected by driving sterilized conical tubes deep into the archaeological layers. Additionally, for comparative purposes, surface-soil samples were collected. For these 2 regions, 12 and 5 sites were selected, respectively, from which a total of 593 samples were collected, 507 from Jeolla-do and 86 from Jeju-do. After transportation to our laboratory, the soil samples were prepared for light microscopic observations as described in Pike et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>]. If a parasite egg was discovered, it was identified for its species, and its density was measured. Sample pH also was measured, according to the AOAC Official method for the mineral soil [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>], by which air-dried soil samples are mixed with H<sub>2</sub>O, and the potential difference relative to standard soils was determined. The detailed procedures were as follows: The air-dried soil with known pH was selected as the standard one; 10 g of the standard soil was transferred into a cup, and mixed with 10 ml diatilled water. After vortexing for 5 sec, the samples were laid for 30 min. The pH of the standard sample was measured, and that of the test soil was measured in case of a permissible error (<0.1). The test soil was air-dried for 1-4 days, and ground into small pieces (<2 mm in diameter). The test soil was mixed with soil-H<sub>2</sub>O as the case of standard soil. The pH of the test soil was measured at 20-25℃.</p><p>No parasite eggs were discovered in the surface soil samples, which ruled out any false positivity induced by accidental introduction of surface soil into the investigated layers. However, most of the Jeolla-do and Jeju-do sites yielded no parasite eggs. Only at Hyangyang-ri, Jangheung-eup, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, 2 <italic>Trichuris</italic> sp. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>) and 2 <italic>Ascaris</italic> sp. eggs (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Fig. 2</xref>) were detected. The estimated number of eggs contained in the samples was 20.0 per gram of soil for both <italic>Trichuris</italic> and <italic>Ascaris</italic>. Each of the Ascaris eggs were 66.0 µm long by 55.0 µm wide and 66.0 µm long by 52.8 wide; 1 <italic>Trichuris</italic> egg was 52.5 µm long by 24.0 µm wide, by which size it was easily identified as <italic>T. trichiura</italic>. The other <italic>Trichuris</italic> egg, which was broken, could not be measured. All 4 eggs were recovered from the layer corresponding to the farm of a 19th century. As already noted, no parasite eggs were recovered from other samples, not even from additional samples collected in the same region of Hyangyang-ri. As for the soil pH, the only positive site was Hyangyang-ri, where 6.71 was recorded. The other sites' pH ranged from 4.69 to 6.91.</p><p>From the surveyed areas, the parasite eggs were only recovered from a site of Hyangyang-ri, Jeollanam-do. This is counter-intuitive considering the widespread and intensive utilization of human excreta as fertilizer in the Honam region (Jeolla-do), the breadbasket of Korea. Furthermore, while the soils from lyme soil mixture barrier (LSMB) tombs revealed many parasite eggs in spite of complete decomposition of the inside mummies in other provinces, the eggs could not be found through the investigation of 4 LSMB tombs in Jeolla-do and 1 LSMB tomb in Jeju-do. This might suggest that the eggs had not been preserved for a long time in these areas, but more extensive investigations seem to be needed for a conclusive remark.</p><p>While it was known that the amount of ammonia was inversely correlated with the viability of parasite eggs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>], the predictors for long-term preservation of them had not been studied yet. In a previous study, there was a close correlation between the preservation of certain types of human remains and the presence of ancient parasite eggs in LSMB tombs, suggesting that such remains was a strong predictor of well-preserved ancient parasite eggs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>]. Another predictor is supposed to be the presence of water in the soil samples, as seen in the ancient moat ruins of Silla Dynasty [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>]. The archaeological remains of Shinchang-dong, Gwangju, where the parasitic eggs had been discovered, were belonged to be the morass [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>], and the large toilet of Wanggung-ri, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, was connected to the drainage [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>]. Decisively, the only positive samples of this study were collected from the farm connected with the drainage. It could be suggested that the moisture-laden environment helped the soils preserve parasite eggs for a long time.</p><p>However, the correlation between the soil pH and the preservation of eggs was not clearly observed due to the small number of positive samples. The soil pH of Hyangyang-ri, the only positive area, was 6.71, higher than that of Wanggung-ri, 4.68-5.24 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>]. According to the study of latrine soils in West Germany, no statistical relationship between the number of recovered eggs and soil pH was demonstrated [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>]. Nevertheless, a conclusion that the soil pH is irrelevant to the egg preservation should be too hasty, and further studies are needed on more samples, especially on the egg-discovered sites in Korea.</p><p>In this study, the egg of <italic>Trichuris</italic> could be easily identified as that of <italic>T. trichiura</italic>. While the widths of <italic>T. suis</italic> eggs were mostly distributed between 28-30 µm, those of <italic>T. trichiura</italic> eggs ranged 25-26 µm, compatible with that of this study [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>]. Moreover, the egg size of <italic>T. vulpis</italic> reached 90×44 µm in average [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>]. However, with morphological characteristics only, it was impossible to know if the eggs were of human or pig origin in the cases of <italic>Ascaris</italic>. Nevertheless, the present eggs seemed to be of human origin in consideration that the eggs of <italic>Trichuris</italic> were that of <italic>T. trichiura</italic>. Regardless of their origin, these eggs seemed to be related to the agriculture. The archaeological remain where the parasite eggs were recovered was presumed to be the farm, and the presence of eggs might prove the use of human manures at that time. In fact, human manures were used as a solid-compost from the 15th century, and later mixed with ashes for the fertilizer on the paddy fields and dry fields [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>]. Hence, further investigations on Jeolla-do should be concentrated into the farms to discover more ancient eggs along with extensive surveys on Jeju-do.</p></body><back><ack><title>ACKNOWLEDGMENT</title><p>This study was funded by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 2011, Korea (NRICH-1107-B10F-1).</p></ack><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ferreira</surname><given-names>LF</given-names></name><name><surname>Britto</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Cardoso</surname><given-names>MA</given-names></name><name><surname>Fernandez</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Reinhard</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Araujo</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Paleoparasitology of Chagas disease revealed by infected tissues from Chilean mummies</article-title><source>Acta Trop</source><year>2000</year><volume>75</volume><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">10708009</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Seo</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Guk</surname><given-names>SM</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Chai</surname><given-names>JY</given-names></name><name><surname>Bok</surname><given-names>GD</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>SS</given-names></name><name><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>CS</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Yil</surname><given-names>YS</given-names></name><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>MH</given-names></name><name><surname>Kang</surname><given-names>IU</given-names></name><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>DH</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Paleoparasitological report on the stool from a Medieval child mummy in Yangju, Korea</article-title><source>J Parasitol</source><year>2007</year><volume>93</volume><fpage>589</fpage><lpage>592</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17626351</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Seo</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>CS</given-names></name><name><surname>Chai</surname><given-names>JY</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>SJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>JB</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>BH</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>JH</given-names></name><name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>GH</given-names></name><name><surname>Hong</surname><given-names>DW</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>HU</given-names></name><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>DH</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>The influence of differential burial preservation on the recovery of parasite eggs in soil samples from Korean medieval tombs</article-title><source>J Parasitol</source><year>2010</year><volume>96</volume><fpage>366</fpage><lpage>370</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19954260</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>DH</given-names></name><name><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>CS</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>SJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Chai</surname><given-names>JY</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>JL</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>SD</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>JB</given-names></name><name><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>IH</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>HJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Seo</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Paleo-parasitological study on the soils collected from archaeological sites in old district of Seoul City</article-title><source>J Archaeol Sci</source><year>2011</year><volume>38</volume><fpage>3555</fpage><lpage>3559</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>DH</given-names></name><name><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>CS</given-names></name><name><surname>Chung</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Yi</surname><given-names>YS</given-names></name><name><surname>Chai</surname><given-names>JY</given-names></name><name><surname>Seo</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Detection of parasite eggs from a moat encircling the royal palace of Silla, the ancient Korean Kingdom</article-title><source>J Archaeol Sci</source><year>2009</year><volume>36</volume><fpage>2534</fpage><lpage>2539</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>DH</given-names></name><name><surname>Chai</surname><given-names>JY</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>JS</given-names></name><name><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>YM</given-names></name><name><surname>Koh</surname><given-names>BJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>JB</given-names></name><name><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>CS</given-names></name><name><surname>Bok</surname><given-names>GD</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>WL</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>EJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Seo</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Finding ancient parasite larvae in a sample from a male living in late 17th century Korea</article-title><source>J Parasitol</source><year>2009</year><volume>95</volume><fpage>768</fpage><lpage>771</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19071966</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>HJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>DH</given-names></name><name><surname>Seo</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Discovery of taeniid eggs from a 17th century tomb in Korea</article-title><source>Korean J Parasitol</source><year>2011</year><volume>49</volume><fpage>327</fpage><lpage>329</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22072839</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>DH</given-names></name><name><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>CS</given-names></name><name><surname>Chai</surname><given-names>JY</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>HJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Seo</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title><italic>Enterobius vermicularis</italic> eggs discovered in coprolites from a medieval Korean mummy</article-title><source>Korean J Parasitol</source><year>2011</year><volume>49</volume><fpage>323</fpage><lpage>326</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22072838</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>DH</given-names></name><name><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>CS</given-names></name><name><surname>Chai</surname><given-names>JY</given-names></name><name><surname>Ji</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>HJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Seo</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Sixteenth century <italic>Gymnophalloides seoi</italic> infection on the coast of the Korean Peninsula</article-title><source>J Parasitol</source><year>2012</year><volume>98</volume><fpage>1283</fpage><lpage>1286</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22524319</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage</collab><source>Wanggung-ri site. Research Report of Antiquities 39</source><publisher-loc>Buyeo</publisher-loc><year>2009</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><collab>Gwangju National Museum</collab><source>The significance and preservation of Shinchang-dong remains</source><year>2010</year></element-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Meteorological Disaster of Jeju Island in Chosun Dynasty and the Response Aspect of Government and Islanders</article-title><source>J Korean Geogr Soc</source><year>2008</year><volume>43</volume><fpage>858</fpage><lpage>872</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>O'Donnell</surname><given-names>CJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Meyer</surname><given-names>KB</given-names></name><name><surname>Jones</surname><given-names>JV</given-names></name><name><surname>Benton</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Kaneshiro</surname><given-names>ES</given-names></name><name><surname>Nichols</surname><given-names>JS</given-names></name><name><surname>Schaefer</surname><given-names>FW</given-names><suffix>3rd</suffix></name></person-group><article-title>Survival of parasite eggs upon storage in sludge</article-title><source>Appl Environ Microbiol</source><year>1984</year><volume>48</volume><fpage>618</fpage><lpage>625</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6541889</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pike</surname><given-names>AW</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Recovery of helminth eggs from archaeological excavations, and their possible usefulness in providing evidence for the purpose of an occupation</article-title><source>Nature</source><year>1968</year><volume>219</volume><fpage>303</fpage><lpage>304</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">5691459</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><source>AOAC Official Method 994.16. pH measurement of mineral soils (First Action 1994), Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International</source><edition>16th ed</edition></element-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Jensen</surname><given-names>PK</given-names></name><name><surname>Phuc</surname><given-names>PD</given-names></name><name><surname>Konradsen</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Klank</surname><given-names>LT</given-names></name><name><surname>Dalsgaard</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Survival of <italic>Ascaris</italic> eggs and hygienic quality of human excreta in Vietnamese composting latrines</article-title><source>Environ Health</source><year>2009</year><volume>8</volume><fpage>57</fpage><comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.1186/1476-069X-8-57">10.1186/1476-069X-8-57</ext-link></comment><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20003550</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Reinhard</surname><given-names>KJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Confalonieri</surname><given-names>UE</given-names></name><name><surname>Herrmann</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Ferreira</surname><given-names>LF</given-names></name><name><surname>Araujo</surname><given-names>AG</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Recovery of parasite remains from coprolites and latrines</article-title><source>Homo</source><year>1986</year><volume>37</volume><fpage>217</fpage><lpage>239</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>da Rocha</surname><given-names>GC</given-names></name><name><surname>Harter-Lailheugue</surname><given-names>SH</given-names></name><name><surname>Le Bailly</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Araujo</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Ferreira</surname><given-names>LF</given-names></name><name><surname>da Serra-Freire</surname><given-names>NM</given-names></name><name><surname>Bouchet</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Paleoparasitological remains revealed by seven historic contexts from "Place d'Armes", Namur, Belgium</article-title><source>Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz</source><year>2006</year><volume>101</volume><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17308808</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Márquez-Navarro</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>García-Bracamontes</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Alvarez-Fernández</surname><given-names>BE</given-names></name><name><surname>Ávila-Caballero</surname><given-names>LP</given-names></name><name><surname>Santos-Aranda</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Díaz-Chiguer</surname><given-names>DL</given-names></name><name><surname>Sánchez-Manzano</surname><given-names>RM</given-names></name><name><surname>Rodríguez-Bataz</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Nogueda-Torres</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name></person-group><article-title><italic>Trichuris vulpis</italic> (Froelich, 1789) infection in a child: a case report</article-title><source>Korean J Parasitol</source><year>2012</year><volume>50</volume><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22451737</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>YJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>YG</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Fertilization technologies and usage of various manures in Chosun Dynasty</article-title><source>Korea Agri History Res</source><year>2008</year><volume>7</volume><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>48</lpage></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Two <italic>Tricuris</italic> trichiura eggs (A, B) found in Hyangyang-ri sample. Bar=20 µm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="kjp-51-489-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Two <italic>Ascaris</italic> sp. eggs (A, B) found in the same sample. Bar=20 µm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="kjp-51-489-g002"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Sampling sites and their information of Jeolla-do</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="kjp-51-489-i001"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Sampling sites and their information of Jeju-do</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="kjp-51-489-i002"></graphic></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Archeologie/explor/PaleopathV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000242 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000242 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Archeologie
|area= PaleopathV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:3770884
|texte= Paleoparasitological Surveys for Detection of Helminth Eggs in Archaeological Sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:24039296" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a PaleopathV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.27. |  |