Phylogeography, risk factors and genetic history of hepatitis C virus in Gabon, central Africa.
Identifieur interne : 007697 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 007696; suivant : 007698Phylogeography, risk factors and genetic history of hepatitis C virus in Gabon, central Africa.
Auteurs : Richard Njouom [Gabon] ; Mélanie Caron [Gabon] ; Guillaume Besson [Gabon] ; Guy-Roger Ndong-Atome [Gabon] ; Maria Makuwa [Gabon] ; Régis Pouillot [Cameroun] ; Dieudonné Nkoghé [Gabon] ; Eric Leroy [Gabon] ; Mirdad Kazanji [Gabon]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The epidemiological and molecular characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the general population have been poorly investigated in Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, genotype distribution and epidemic history of HCV in the Gabonese general population. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A total of 4042 sera collected from adults in 220 villages in all nine administrative areas of the country were screened for antibodies to HCV. HCV NS5B region sequencing was performed for molecular characterization and population genetic analyses. Of 4042 tested sera, 455 (11.2%) were positive. The seroprevalence of HCV varied significantly by administrative area, with the highest rate in Ogooué-Lolo province (20.4%) and the lowest in Ogooué-Maritine province (3.7%). History of parenteral injections, past hospital admission and age over 55 years were independent risk factors for HCV infection (p<0.0001). Phylogenetic analyses showed that 91.9% of the strains were genotype 4 (HCV-4), 5.7% genotype 1 and 2.2% genotype 2. HCV-4 strains were highly heterogeneous, with more than eight subtypes; subtype 4e predominated (57.3%). Coalescence analyses indicated that subtype 4e was the oldest, with an estimated most recent common ancestor of 1702 [95% CI, 1418-1884]. The epidemic profile indicated that it spread exponentially during the first part of the 20th century, probably by iatrogenic transmission. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results confirm the endemicity of HCV subtype 4e in Gabon and show that its spread is due to a cohort effect, with previous, possibly iatrogenic events. More extensive epidemiological studies are needed to better characterize the route of transmission and the dissemination of HCV in Gabon.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042002
Affiliations:
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key="GA"></country></address></desc></org></tutelle></tutelles></hal:affiliation><country>Gabon</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pouillot, Regis" sort="Pouillot, Regis" uniqKey="Pouillot R" first="Régis" last="Pouillot">Régis Pouillot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-55917" status="VALID"><orgName>Centre Pasteur du Cameroun</orgName><desc><address><addrLine>B.P. 1274 Yaoundé</addrLine><country key="CM"></country></address></desc><listRelation><relation active="#struct-300233" type="direct"></relation><relation active="#struct-301247" type="direct"></relation></listRelation><tutelles><tutelle active="#struct-300233" type="direct"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300233" status="VALID"><orgName>Centre Pasteur du Cameroun</orgName><desc><address><country key="CM"></country></address></desc></org></tutelle><tutelle active="#struct-301247" type="direct"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-301247" status="VALID"> <orgName>Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur</orgName> <orgName type="acronym">RIIP</orgName> <desc> <address> <addrLine>25, rue du Dr Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15</addrLine> <country key="FR"></country> </address> <ref type="url">http://www.pasteur-international.org</ref> </desc> </org></tutelle></tutelles></hal:affiliation><country>Cameroun</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nkoghe, Dieudonne" sort="Nkoghe, Dieudonne" uniqKey="Nkoghe D" first="Dieudonné" last="Nkoghé">Dieudonné Nkoghé</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-51216" status="VALID"><orgName>Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville</orgName><orgName type="acronym">CIRMF</orgName><desc><address><addrLine>Franceville</addrLine><country key="GA"></country></address></desc><listRelation><relation active="#struct-301226" type="direct"></relation></listRelation><tutelles><tutelle active="#struct-301226" type="direct"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-301226" status="VALID"><orgName>Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville</orgName><desc><address><country key="GA"></country></address></desc></org></tutelle></tutelles></hal:affiliation><country>Gabon</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leroy, Eric" sort="Leroy, Eric" uniqKey="Leroy E" first="Eric" last="Leroy">Eric Leroy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-51216" status="VALID"><orgName>Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville</orgName><orgName type="acronym">CIRMF</orgName><desc><address><addrLine>Franceville</addrLine><country key="GA"></country></address></desc><listRelation><relation active="#struct-301226" type="direct"></relation></listRelation><tutelles><tutelle active="#struct-301226" type="direct"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-301226" status="VALID"><orgName>Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville</orgName><desc><address><country key="GA"></country></address></desc></org></tutelle></tutelles></hal:affiliation><country>Gabon</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kazanji, Mirdad" sort="Kazanji, Mirdad" uniqKey="Kazanji M" first="Mirdad" last="Kazanji">Mirdad Kazanji</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-51216" status="VALID"><orgName>Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville</orgName><orgName type="acronym">CIRMF</orgName><desc><address><addrLine>Franceville</addrLine><country key="GA"></country></address></desc><listRelation><relation active="#struct-301226" type="direct"></relation></listRelation><tutelles><tutelle active="#struct-301226" type="direct"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-301226" status="VALID"><orgName>Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville</orgName><desc><address><country key="GA"></country></address></desc></org></tutelle></tutelles></hal:affiliation><country>Gabon</country></affiliation></author></analytic><idno type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0042002</idno><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="ISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date type="datePub">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">BACKGROUND: The epidemiological and molecular characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the general population have been poorly investigated in Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, genotype distribution and epidemic history of HCV in the Gabonese general population. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A total of 4042 sera collected from adults in 220 villages in all nine administrative areas of the country were screened for antibodies to HCV. HCV NS5B region sequencing was performed for molecular characterization and population genetic analyses. Of 4042 tested sera, 455 (11.2%) were positive. The seroprevalence of HCV varied significantly by administrative area, with the highest rate in Ogooué-Lolo province (20.4%) and the lowest in Ogooué-Maritine province (3.7%). History of parenteral injections, past hospital admission and age over 55 years were independent risk factors for HCV infection (p<0.0001). Phylogenetic analyses showed that 91.9% of the strains were genotype 4 (HCV-4), 5.7% genotype 1 and 2.2% genotype 2. HCV-4 strains were highly heterogeneous, with more than eight subtypes; subtype 4e predominated (57.3%). Coalescence analyses indicated that subtype 4e was the oldest, with an estimated most recent common ancestor of 1702 [95% CI, 1418-1884]. The epidemic profile indicated that it spread exponentially during the first part of the 20th century, probably by iatrogenic transmission. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results confirm the endemicity of HCV subtype 4e in Gabon and show that its spread is due to a cohort effect, with previous, possibly iatrogenic events. More extensive epidemiological studies are needed to better characterize the route of transmission and the dissemination of HCV in Gabon.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Cameroun</li><li>Gabon</li></country></list><tree><country name="Gabon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Njouom, Richard" sort="Njouom, Richard" uniqKey="Njouom R" first="Richard" last="Njouom">Richard Njouom</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Besson, Guillaume" sort="Besson, Guillaume" uniqKey="Besson G" first="Guillaume" last="Besson">Guillaume Besson</name><name sortKey="Caron, Melanie" sort="Caron, Melanie" uniqKey="Caron M" first="Mélanie" last="Caron">Mélanie Caron</name><name sortKey="Kazanji, Mirdad" sort="Kazanji, Mirdad" uniqKey="Kazanji M" first="Mirdad" last="Kazanji">Mirdad Kazanji</name><name sortKey="Leroy, Eric" sort="Leroy, Eric" uniqKey="Leroy E" first="Eric" last="Leroy">Eric Leroy</name><name sortKey="Makuwa, Maria" sort="Makuwa, Maria" uniqKey="Makuwa M" first="Maria" last="Makuwa">Maria Makuwa</name><name sortKey="Ndong Atome, Guy Roger" sort="Ndong Atome, Guy Roger" uniqKey="Ndong Atome G" first="Guy-Roger" last="Ndong-Atome">Guy-Roger Ndong-Atome</name><name sortKey="Nkoghe, Dieudonne" sort="Nkoghe, Dieudonne" uniqKey="Nkoghe D" first="Dieudonné" last="Nkoghé">Dieudonné Nkoghé</name></country><country name="Cameroun"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pouillot, Regis" sort="Pouillot, Regis" uniqKey="Pouillot R" first="Régis" last="Pouillot">Régis Pouillot</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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