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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Modified Bradykinesia Rating Scale for Parkinson’s Disease: Reliability and Comparison with Kinematic Measures</title>
<author><name sortKey="Heldman, Dustin A" sort="Heldman, Dustin A" uniqKey="Heldman D" first="Dustin A." last="Heldman">Dustin A. Heldman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Movement Disorders, Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giuffrida, Joseph P" sort="Giuffrida, Joseph P" uniqKey="Giuffrida J" first="Joseph P." last="Giuffrida">Joseph P. Giuffrida</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Movement Disorders, Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Robert" sort="Chen, Robert" uniqKey="Chen R" first="Robert" last="Chen">Robert Chen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Toronto Western Research Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Payne, Megan" sort="Payne, Megan" uniqKey="Payne M" first="Megan" last="Payne">Megan Payne</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, Gardner Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mazzella, Filomena" sort="Mazzella, Filomena" uniqKey="Mazzella F" first="Filomena" last="Mazzella">Filomena Mazzella</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Toronto Western Research Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Duker, Andrew P" sort="Duker, Andrew P" uniqKey="Duker A" first="Andrew P." last="Duker">Andrew P. Duker</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, Gardner Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sahay, Alok" sort="Sahay, Alok" uniqKey="Sahay A" first="Alok" last="Sahay">Alok Sahay</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, Gardner Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Sang Jin" sort="Kim, Sang Jin" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Sang Jin" last="Kim">Sang Jin Kim</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Toronto Western Research Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Revilla, Fredy J" sort="Revilla, Fredy J" uniqKey="Revilla F" first="Fredy J." last="Revilla">Fredy J. Revilla</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, Gardner Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Espay, Alberto J" sort="Espay, Alberto J" uniqKey="Espay A" first="Alberto J." last="Espay">Alberto J. Espay</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, Gardner Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">21538531</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3324112</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3324112</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3324112</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1002/mds.23740</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000475</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000475</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Modified Bradykinesia Rating Scale for Parkinson’s Disease: Reliability and Comparison with Kinematic Measures</title>
<author><name sortKey="Heldman, Dustin A" sort="Heldman, Dustin A" uniqKey="Heldman D" first="Dustin A." last="Heldman">Dustin A. Heldman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Movement Disorders, Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giuffrida, Joseph P" sort="Giuffrida, Joseph P" uniqKey="Giuffrida J" first="Joseph P." last="Giuffrida">Joseph P. Giuffrida</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Division of Movement Disorders, Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Robert" sort="Chen, Robert" uniqKey="Chen R" first="Robert" last="Chen">Robert Chen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Toronto Western Research Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Payne, Megan" sort="Payne, Megan" uniqKey="Payne M" first="Megan" last="Payne">Megan Payne</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, Gardner Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mazzella, Filomena" sort="Mazzella, Filomena" uniqKey="Mazzella F" first="Filomena" last="Mazzella">Filomena Mazzella</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Toronto Western Research Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Duker, Andrew P" sort="Duker, Andrew P" uniqKey="Duker A" first="Andrew P." last="Duker">Andrew P. Duker</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, Gardner Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sahay, Alok" sort="Sahay, Alok" uniqKey="Sahay A" first="Alok" last="Sahay">Alok Sahay</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, Gardner Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Sang Jin" sort="Kim, Sang Jin" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Sang Jin" last="Kim">Sang Jin Kim</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Toronto Western Research Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Revilla, Fredy J" sort="Revilla, Fredy J" uniqKey="Revilla F" first="Fredy J." last="Revilla">Fredy J. Revilla</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, Gardner Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Espay, Alberto J" sort="Espay, Alberto J" uniqKey="Espay A" first="Alberto J." last="Espay">Alberto J. Espay</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, Gardner Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
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</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Bradykinesia encompasses slowness, decreased movement amplitude, and dysrhythmia. Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale–based bradykine-sia-related items require that clinicians condense abnormalities in speed, amplitude, fatiguing, hesitations, and arrests into a single score. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a modified bradykinesia rating scale, which separately assesses speed, amplitude, and rhythm and its correlation with kinematic measures from motion sensors. Fifty patients with Parkinson’s disease performed Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale–directed finger tapping, hand grasping, and pronation–supination while wearing motion sensors. Videos were rated blindly and independently by 4 clinicians. The modified bradykinesia rating scale and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale demonstrated similar inter- and intrarater reliability. Raters placed greater weight on amplitude than on speed or rhythm when assigning a Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale score. Modified bradykinesia rating scale scores for speed, amplitude, and rhythm correlated highly with quantitative kinematic variables. The modified bradykinesia rating scale separately captures bradykinesia components with interrater and intrarater reliability similar to that of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Kinematic sensors can accurately quantify speed, amplitude, and rhythm to aid in the development and evaluation of novel therapies in Parkinson’s disease.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">8610688</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">5937</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Mov Disord</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Mov. Disord.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Movement Disorders</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0885-3185</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1531-8257</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21538531</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3324112</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/mds.23740</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS366461</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>The Modified Bradykinesia Rating Scale for Parkinson’s Disease: Reliability and Comparison with Kinematic Measures</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heldman</surname>
<given-names>Dustin A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Giuffrida</surname>
<given-names>Joseph P.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Robert</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBBChir, MSc, FRCPC</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Payne</surname>
<given-names>Megan</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MS, MBA</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mazzella</surname>
<given-names>Filomena</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>BScN, RN</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Duker</surname>
<given-names>Andrew P.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sahay</surname>
<given-names>Alok</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Sang Jin</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Revilla</surname>
<given-names>Fredy J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Espay</surname>
<given-names>Alberto J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, MSc</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
Division of Movement Disorders, Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, USA</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
Toronto Western Research Institute and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, Gardner Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>
<bold>Correspondence to:</bold>
Dr. Alberto J. Espay, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Suite 2300 (PO Box 670525), Cincinnati, OH 45267-0525, USA; <email>alberto.espay@uc.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>2</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>15</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>11</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>1859</fpage>
<lpage>1863</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>©2011 <italic>Movement</italic>
Disorder Society</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p id="P1">Bradykinesia encompasses slowness, decreased movement amplitude, and dysrhythmia. Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale–based bradykine-sia-related items require that clinicians condense abnormalities in speed, amplitude, fatiguing, hesitations, and arrests into a single score. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a modified bradykinesia rating scale, which separately assesses speed, amplitude, and rhythm and its correlation with kinematic measures from motion sensors. Fifty patients with Parkinson’s disease performed Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale–directed finger tapping, hand grasping, and pronation–supination while wearing motion sensors. Videos were rated blindly and independently by 4 clinicians. The modified bradykinesia rating scale and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale demonstrated similar inter- and intrarater reliability. Raters placed greater weight on amplitude than on speed or rhythm when assigning a Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale score. Modified bradykinesia rating scale scores for speed, amplitude, and rhythm correlated highly with quantitative kinematic variables. The modified bradykinesia rating scale separately captures bradykinesia components with interrater and intrarater reliability similar to that of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Kinematic sensors can accurately quantify speed, amplitude, and rhythm to aid in the development and evaluation of novel therapies in Parkinson’s disease.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Parkinson’s disease</kwd>
<kwd>bradykinesia</kwd>
<kwd>Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale</kwd>
<kwd>modified bradykinesia rating scale</kwd>
<kwd>KinetiSense</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Institute of Mental Health : NIMH</funding-source>
<award-id>K23 MH092735-01A1 || MH</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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