ParkinsonCanadaV1, Pmc, Checkpoint, bibRecord, 000431

Parkinson's Disease: Low-Dose Haloperidol Increases Dopamine Receptor Sensitivity and Clinical Response

Identifieur interne : 000431 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000430; suivant : 000432

Parkinson's Disease: Low-Dose Haloperidol Increases Dopamine Receptor Sensitivity and Clinical Response

Auteurs : Craig J. Hudson [Canada] ; Philip Seeman [Canada] ; Mary V. Seeman [Canada]

Source :

Parkinson's Disease [ 2090-8083 ] ; 2014.

RBID : PMC:4258318

Abstract

Background. It is known that ultra-low doses of haloperidol can cause dopamine supersensitivity of dopamine D2 receptors and related behaviour in animals. Objective. The objective was to determine whether a daily ultra-low dose of 40 micrograms of haloperidol could enhance the clinical action of levodopa in Parkinson's disease patients. Method. While continuing their daily treatment with levodopa, 16 patients with Parkinson's disease were followed weekly for six weeks. They received an add-on daily dose of 40 micrograms of haloperidol for the first two weeks only. The SPES/SCOPA scale (short scale for assessment of motor impairments and disabilities in Parkinson's disease) was administered before treatment and weekly throughout the trial. Results. The results showed a mean decrease in SPES/SCOPA scores after one week of the add-on treatment. Conclusion. SCOPA scores decreased after the addition of low-dose haloperidol to the standard daily levodopa dose. This finding is consistent with an increase in sensitivity of dopamine D2 receptors induced by haloperidol. Such treatment for Parkinson's disease may possibly permit the levodopa dose to be reduced and, thus, delay the onset of levodopa side effects.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258318

DOI: 10.1155/2014/684973
PubMed: 25506040
PubMed Central: 4258318

Affiliations:

Canada

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000388
to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000388

Links to Exploration step

PMC:4258318

Le document en format XML

<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Parkinson's Disease: Low-Dose Haloperidol Increases Dopamine Receptor Sensitivity and Clinical Response</title>
<author><name sortKey="Hudson, Craig J" sort="Hudson, Craig J" uniqKey="Hudson C" first="Craig J." last="Hudson">Craig J. Hudson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Psychiatry, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 120 Napier Street, Goderich, ON, Canada N7A 1W5</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 120 Napier Street, Goderich, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seeman, Philip" sort="Seeman, Philip" uniqKey="Seeman P" first="Philip" last="Seeman">Philip Seeman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Clera Inc., 260 Heath Street West, Unit 605, Toronto, ON, Canada M5P 3L6</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clera Inc., 260 Heath Street West, Unit 605, Toronto, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seeman, Mary V" sort="Seeman, Mary V" uniqKey="Seeman M" first="Mary V." last="Seeman">Mary V. Seeman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Clera Inc., 260 Heath Street West, Unit 605, Toronto, ON, Canada M5P 3L6</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clera Inc., 260 Heath Street West, Unit 605, Toronto, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">25506040</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4258318</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258318</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4258318</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1155/2014/684973</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000388</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000388</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000388</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000388</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000431</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000431</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Parkinson's Disease: Low-Dose Haloperidol Increases Dopamine Receptor Sensitivity and Clinical Response</title>
<author><name sortKey="Hudson, Craig J" sort="Hudson, Craig J" uniqKey="Hudson C" first="Craig J." last="Hudson">Craig J. Hudson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Psychiatry, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 120 Napier Street, Goderich, ON, Canada N7A 1W5</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 120 Napier Street, Goderich, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seeman, Philip" sort="Seeman, Philip" uniqKey="Seeman P" first="Philip" last="Seeman">Philip Seeman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Clera Inc., 260 Heath Street West, Unit 605, Toronto, ON, Canada M5P 3L6</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clera Inc., 260 Heath Street West, Unit 605, Toronto, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seeman, Mary V" sort="Seeman, Mary V" uniqKey="Seeman M" first="Mary V." last="Seeman">Mary V. Seeman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Clera Inc., 260 Heath Street West, Unit 605, Toronto, ON, Canada M5P 3L6</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clera Inc., 260 Heath Street West, Unit 605, Toronto, ON</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>ON</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Parkinson's Disease</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2090-8083</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2042-0080</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Background</italic>
. It is known that ultra-low doses of haloperidol can cause dopamine supersensitivity of dopamine D2 receptors and related behaviour in animals. <italic>Objective</italic>
. The objective was to determine whether a daily ultra-low dose of 40 micrograms of haloperidol could enhance the clinical action of levodopa in Parkinson's disease patients. <italic>Method</italic>
. While continuing their daily treatment with levodopa, 16 patients with Parkinson's disease were followed weekly for six weeks. They received an add-on daily dose of 40 micrograms of haloperidol for the first two weeks only. The SPES/SCOPA scale (short scale for assessment of motor impairments and disabilities in Parkinson's disease) was administered before treatment and weekly throughout the trial. <italic>Results</italic>
. The results showed a mean decrease in SPES/SCOPA scores after one week of the add-on treatment. <italic>Conclusion</italic>
. SCOPA scores decreased after the addition of low-dose haloperidol to the standard daily levodopa dose. This finding is consistent with an increase in sensitivity of dopamine D2 receptors induced by haloperidol. Such treatment for Parkinson's disease may possibly permit the levodopa dose to be reduced and, thus, delay the onset of levodopa side effects.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schapira, A H" uniqKey="Schapira A">A. H. Schapira</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seeman, P" uniqKey="Seeman P">P. Seeman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seeman, P" uniqKey="Seeman P">P. Seeman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weinshenker, D" uniqKey="Weinshenker D">D. Weinshenker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quirion, R" uniqKey="Quirion R">R. Quirion</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Srivastava, L K" uniqKey="Srivastava L">L. K. Srivastava</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bhardwaj, S K" uniqKey="Bhardwaj S">S. K. Bhardwaj</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grandy, D K" uniqKey="Grandy D">D. K. Grandy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Premont, R T" uniqKey="Premont R">R. T. Premont</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sotnikova, T D" uniqKey="Sotnikova T">T. D. Sotnikova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boksa, P" uniqKey="Boksa P">P. Boksa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Ghundi, M" uniqKey="El Ghundi M">M. El-Ghundi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Dowd, B F" uniqKey="O Dowd B">B. F. O'Dowd</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="George, S R" uniqKey="George S">S. R. George</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perreault, M L" uniqKey="Perreault M">M. L. Perreault</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="M Nnisto, P T" uniqKey="M Nnisto P">P. T. Männistö</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Robinson, S" uniqKey="Robinson S">S. Robinson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Palmiter, R D" uniqKey="Palmiter R">R. D. Palmiter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tallerico, T" uniqKey="Tallerico T">T. Tallerico</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alttoa, A" uniqKey="Alttoa A">A. Alttoa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seeman, P" uniqKey="Seeman P">P. Seeman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koiv, K" uniqKey="Koiv K">K. Koiv</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eller, M" uniqKey="Eller M">M. Eller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harro, J" uniqKey="Harro J">J. Harro</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seeman, P" uniqKey="Seeman P">P. Seeman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwarz, J" uniqKey="Schwarz J">J. Schwarz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, J F" uniqKey="Chen J">J.-F. Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Szechtman, H" uniqKey="Szechtman H">H. Szechtman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perreault, M" uniqKey="Perreault M">M. Perreault</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcknight, G S" uniqKey="Mcknight G">G. S. McKnight</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roder, J C" uniqKey="Roder J">J. C. Roder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quirion, R" uniqKey="Quirion R">R. Quirion</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boksa, P" uniqKey="Boksa P">P. Boksa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Srivastava, L K" uniqKey="Srivastava L">L. K. Srivastava</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yanai, K" uniqKey="Yanai K">K. Yanai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weinshenker, D" uniqKey="Weinshenker D">D. Weinshenker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sumiyoshi, T" uniqKey="Sumiyoshi T">T. Sumiyoshi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dias, F R C" uniqKey="Dias F">F. R. C. Dias</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Matos, L W" uniqKey="De Matos L">L. W. de Matos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Fatima Dos Santos Sampaio, M" uniqKey="De Fatima Dos Santos Sampaio M">M. de Fátima dos Santos Sampaio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carey, R J" uniqKey="Carey R">R. J. Carey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carrera, M P" uniqKey="Carrera M">M. P. Carrera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seeman, P" uniqKey="Seeman P">P. Seeman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kapur, S" uniqKey="Kapur S">S. Kapur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vanderspek, S C" uniqKey="Vanderspek S">S. C. VanderSpek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brownlee, B A" uniqKey="Brownlee B">B. A. Brownlee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nobrega, J N" uniqKey="Nobrega J">J. N. Nobrega</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marinus, J" uniqKey="Marinus J">J. Marinus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Visser, M" uniqKey="Visser M">M. Visser</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stiggelbout, A M" uniqKey="Stiggelbout A">A. M. Stiggelbout</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabey, J M" uniqKey="Rabey J">J. M. Rabey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martinez Martin, P" uniqKey="Martinez Martin P">P. Martínez-Martín</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bonuccelli, U" uniqKey="Bonuccelli U">U. Bonuccelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kraus, P H" uniqKey="Kraus P">P. H. Kraus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Hilten, J J" uniqKey="Van Hilten J">J. J. Van Hilten</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="other"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
  <front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Parkinsons Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Parkinsons Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Parkinson's Disease</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2090-8083</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2042-0080</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25506040</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4258318</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2014/684973</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Clinical Study</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Parkinson's Disease: Low-Dose Haloperidol Increases Dopamine Receptor Sensitivity and Clinical Response</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hudson</surname>
<given-names>Craig J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-1236</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Seeman</surname>
<given-names>Philip</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Seeman</surname>
<given-names>Mary V.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>
Department of Psychiatry, Alexandra Marine and General Hospital, 120 Napier Street, Goderich, ON, Canada N7A 1W5</aff>
<aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>
Clera Inc., 260 Heath Street West, Unit 605, Toronto, ON, Canada M5P 3L6</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Philip Seeman: <email>philip.seeman@utoronto.ca</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Jose Rabey</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2014</volume>
<elocation-id>684973</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>23</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>9</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Craig J. Hudson et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p><italic>Background</italic>
. It is known that ultra-low doses of haloperidol can cause dopamine supersensitivity of dopamine D2 receptors and related behaviour in animals. <italic>Objective</italic>
. The objective was to determine whether a daily ultra-low dose of 40 micrograms of haloperidol could enhance the clinical action of levodopa in Parkinson's disease patients. <italic>Method</italic>
. While continuing their daily treatment with levodopa, 16 patients with Parkinson's disease were followed weekly for six weeks. They received an add-on daily dose of 40 micrograms of haloperidol for the first two weeks only. The SPES/SCOPA scale (short scale for assessment of motor impairments and disabilities in Parkinson's disease) was administered before treatment and weekly throughout the trial. <italic>Results</italic>
. The results showed a mean decrease in SPES/SCOPA scores after one week of the add-on treatment. <italic>Conclusion</italic>
. SCOPA scores decreased after the addition of low-dose haloperidol to the standard daily levodopa dose. This finding is consistent with an increase in sensitivity of dopamine D2 receptors induced by haloperidol. Such treatment for Parkinson's disease may possibly permit the levodopa dose to be reduced and, thus, delay the onset of levodopa side effects.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><p>An add-on oral dose of 40 <italic>μ</italic>
g haloperidol per day enhanced the effectiveness of levodopa in treating Parkinson disease patients, as monitored by the SCOPA ratings. (a) Data for all 16 patients. (b) Data for 12 patients, where four advanced stage patients were omitted. Data in Tables <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab1">1</xref>
 and <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab2">2</xref>
.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="PD2014-684973.001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><p>While continuing the daily dose of levodopa, the add-on low dose of 40 <italic>μ</italic>
g haloperidol resulted in lower freezing ratings on the SCOPA scale.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="PD2014-684973.002"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Patient data.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Subject</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M/F</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Disease duration, years</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SCOPA baseline at week 1</th>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Medication</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L-DOPA dose/day</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">101</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sinemet 100/25, 3/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">300 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">102</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levocarb 100/25, 1 qhs prn; Stalevo 150/37.5; 5/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">850 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sinemet cr 100/25, 5/day; Sinemet 100, 1/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">600 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levocarb 100/10 2 tabs, 5/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1000 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">105</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pramipexole 200 mg, 3/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[=600 mg]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">106</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Apo-Levocarb 100/25, 3 tabs, 4/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1200 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Apo-Levocarb 25 mg, 3/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">300 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">108</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levocarb 25 mg, 4/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levocarb 250/25 mg, 4/day; pramipexole 1 mg/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1000 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Apo-Levocarb 25 mg, 4/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sinemet, 100/25, 3/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">300 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sinemet 100/25, 2 tabs, 5/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1000 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">115</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sinemet 100/25</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">700 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">117</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sinemet cr 100/50, 2/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">200 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Apo-Levocarb 100/25, 1/day</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 mg</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Average</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.6</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">s.e.</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>SCOPA ratings at the end of each week.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Case</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Week 1</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Week 2</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Week 3</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Week 4</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Week 5</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Week 6</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Week 7</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">101</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">102</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">105</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">106</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">108</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">115</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">117</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Av.</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.92</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.1</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S.E.</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="8" rowspan="1">Data for subgroup analysis:</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Av.</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.25</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.4</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S.E.</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0008</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.058</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.016</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>(<italic>P</italic>
 values, using matched, one tail students <italic>t</italic>
-test).</p>
</fn>
<fn><p>Four severe cases (and nonresponders; 104, 106, 103, and 115) were removed for the subgroup analysis.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hudson, Craig J" sort="Hudson, Craig J" uniqKey="Hudson C" first="Craig J." last="Hudson">Craig J. Hudson</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Seeman, Mary V" sort="Seeman, Mary V" uniqKey="Seeman M" first="Mary V." last="Seeman">Mary V. Seeman</name>
<name sortKey="Seeman, Philip" sort="Seeman, Philip" uniqKey="Seeman P" first="Philip" last="Seeman">Philip Seeman</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Canada/explor/ParkinsonCanadaV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000431 | SxmlIndent | more

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000431 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Canada
   |area=    ParkinsonCanadaV1
   |flux=    Pmc
   |étape=   Checkpoint
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:4258318
   |texte=   Parkinson's Disease: Low-Dose Haloperidol Increases Dopamine Receptor Sensitivity and Clinical Response
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:25506040" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a ParkinsonCanadaV1

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.29.
Data generation: Thu May 4 22:20:19 2017. Site generation: Fri Dec 23 23:17:26 2022

	La maladie de Parkinson au Canada (serveur d'exploration)
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

La maladie de Parkinson au Canada (serveur d'exploration)

Parkinson's Disease: Low-Dose Haloperidol Increases Dopamine Receptor Sensitivity and Clinical Response

Parkinson's Disease: Low-Dose Haloperidol Increases Dopamine Receptor Sensitivity and Clinical Response

Source :

Abstract

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

Links to Exploration step

Le document en format XML

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

Pour générer des pages wiki