Uncovering the role of the insula in non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
Identifieur interne : 001730 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001729; suivant : 001731Uncovering the role of the insula in non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
Auteurs : Leigh Christopher [Canada] ; Yuko Koshimori [Canada] ; Anthony E. Lang [Canada] ; Marion Criaud [Canada] ; Antonio P. Strafella [Canada]Source :
- Brain [ 0006-8950 ] ; 2014.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- complications : Parkinson Disease.
- metabolism : Cerebral Cortex.
- physiopathology : Cerebral Cortex, Parkinson Disease.
- Humans.
Abstract
The role of the insula in integrating cognitive, affective, autonomic and somatosensory information to guide behaviour is increasingly well recognized. However, the involvement of the insula in Parkinson's disease is often overlooked. Christopher
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu084
PubMed: 24736308
PubMed Central: 4107733
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Strafella</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF1">1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF2">2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF3">3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Brain</title><idno type="ISSN">0006-8950</idno><idno type="eISSN">1460-2156</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Cerebral Cortex (metabolism)</term><term>Cerebral Cortex (physiopathology)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Parkinson Disease (complications)</term><term>Parkinson Disease (physiopathology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Cerebral Cortex</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cerebral Cortex</term><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Humans</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The role of the insula in integrating cognitive, affective, autonomic and somatosensory information to guide behaviour is increasingly well recognized. However, the involvement of the insula in Parkinson's disease is often overlooked. Christopher <italic>et al.</italic> review studies linking the insula to non-motor symptoms, including cognitive decline, affective and somatosensory disturbances.</p></div></front></TEI><double pmid="24736308"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Uncovering the role of the insula in non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease</title><author><name sortKey="Christopher, Leigh" sort="Christopher, Leigh" uniqKey="Christopher L" first="Leigh" last="Christopher">Leigh Christopher</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF1">1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF2">2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF3">3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koshimori, Yuko" sort="Koshimori, Yuko" uniqKey="Koshimori Y" first="Yuko" last="Koshimori">Yuko Koshimori</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF1">1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF2">2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF3">3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, Anthony E" sort="Lang, Anthony E" uniqKey="Lang A" first="Anthony E." last="Lang">Anthony E. Lang</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF1">1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Criaud, Marion" sort="Criaud, Marion" uniqKey="Criaud M" first="Marion" last="Criaud">Marion Criaud</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF2">2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF3">3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strafella, Antonio P" sort="Strafella, Antonio P" uniqKey="Strafella A" first="Antonio P." last="Strafella">Antonio P. Strafella</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF1">1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. 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Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF2">2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF3">3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koshimori, Yuko" sort="Koshimori, Yuko" uniqKey="Koshimori Y" first="Yuko" last="Koshimori">Yuko Koshimori</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF1">1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF2">2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF3">3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, Anthony E" sort="Lang, Anthony E" uniqKey="Lang A" first="Anthony E." last="Lang">Anthony E. Lang</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF1">1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Criaud, Marion" sort="Criaud, Marion" uniqKey="Criaud M" first="Marion" last="Criaud">Marion Criaud</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF2">2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF3">3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strafella, Antonio P" sort="Strafella, Antonio P" uniqKey="Strafella A" first="Antonio P." last="Strafella">Antonio P. Strafella</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF1">1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF2">2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="awu084-AFF3">3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Brain</title><idno type="ISSN">0006-8950</idno><idno type="eISSN">1460-2156</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The role of the insula in integrating cognitive, affective, autonomic and somatosensory information to guide behaviour is increasingly well recognized. However, the involvement of the insula in Parkinson's disease is often overlooked. Christopher <italic>et al.</italic> review studies linking the insula to non-motor symptoms, including cognitive decline, affective and somatosensory disturbances.</p></div></front></TEI></pmc><pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Uncovering the role of the insula in non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.</title><author><name sortKey="Christopher, Leigh" sort="Christopher, Leigh" uniqKey="Christopher L" first="Leigh" last="Christopher">Leigh Christopher</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koshimori, Yuko" sort="Koshimori, Yuko" uniqKey="Koshimori Y" first="Yuko" last="Koshimori">Yuko Koshimori</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, Anthony E" sort="Lang, Anthony E" uniqKey="Lang A" first="Anthony E" last="Lang">Anthony E. Lang</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Criaud, Marion" sort="Criaud, Marion" uniqKey="Criaud M" first="Marion" last="Criaud">Marion Criaud</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strafella, Antonio P" sort="Strafella, Antonio P" uniqKey="Strafella A" first="Antonio P" last="Strafella">Antonio P. Strafella</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada antonio.strafella@uhnres.utoronto.ca antonio.strafella@camhpet.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:24736308</idno><idno type="pmid">24736308</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/brain/awu084</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000700</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000700</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000700</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000700</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000700</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000700</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Uncovering the role of the insula in non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.</title><author><name sortKey="Christopher, Leigh" sort="Christopher, Leigh" uniqKey="Christopher L" first="Leigh" last="Christopher">Leigh Christopher</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koshimori, Yuko" sort="Koshimori, Yuko" uniqKey="Koshimori Y" first="Yuko" last="Koshimori">Yuko Koshimori</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, Anthony E" sort="Lang, Anthony E" uniqKey="Lang A" first="Anthony E" last="Lang">Anthony E. Lang</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Criaud, Marion" sort="Criaud, Marion" uniqKey="Criaud M" first="Marion" last="Criaud">Marion Criaud</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strafella, Antonio P" sort="Strafella, Antonio P" uniqKey="Strafella A" first="Antonio P" last="Strafella">Antonio P. Strafella</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada antonio.strafella@uhnres.utoronto.ca antonio.strafella@camhpet.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>1 Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit and E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada2 Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3 Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Brain : a journal of neurology</title><idno type="eISSN">1460-2156</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Cerebral Cortex (metabolism)</term><term>Cerebral Cortex (physiopathology)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Parkinson Disease (complications)</term><term>Parkinson Disease (physiopathology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Cerebral Cortex</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cerebral Cortex</term><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Humans</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Patients with Parkinson's disease experience a range of non-motor symptoms, including cognitive impairment, behavioural changes, somatosensory and autonomic disturbances. The insula, which was once thought to be primarily a limbic cortical structure, is now known to be highly involved in integrating somatosensory, autonomic and cognitive-affective information to guide behaviour. Thus, it acts as a central hub for processing relevant information related to the state of the body as well as cognitive and mood states. Despite these crucial functions, the insula has been largely overlooked as a potential key region in contributing to non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The insula is affected in Parkinson's disease by alpha-synuclein deposition, disruptions in normal neurotransmitter function, alterations in connectivity as well as metabolic and structural changes. Although research focusing on the role of the insula in Parkinson's disease is scarce, there is evidence from neuroimaging studies linking the insula to cognitive decline, behavioural abnormalities and somatosensory disturbances. Here, we review imaging studies that provide insight into the potential role of the insula in Parkinson's disease non-motor symptoms.</div></front></TEI></pubmed></double></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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