Contrast sensitivity in seasonal and nonseasonal depression
Identifieur interne : 002C43 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 002C42; suivant : 002C44Contrast sensitivity in seasonal and nonseasonal depression
Auteurs : Michael F. Wesner [Canada] ; Josephine Tan [Canada]Source :
- Journal of affective disorders [ 0165-0327 ] ; 2006.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
English descriptors
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Abstract
Background: Psychophysics has been used for the early diagnosis of many diseases that affect the visual pathway including those not usually considered vision-related (e.g., Parkinson's disease). Little has been done, however, to investigate visual functioning in psychological disorders known to be effectively treated by phototherapy. We measured the static and dynamic spatial contrast detection thresholds of seasonally depressed (SAD), nonseasonally depressed (Depressed) and nondepressed (Control) individuals. Methods: Two psychophysical experiments which measured luminance contrast detection thresholds were conducted. Experiment 1 presented static, vertically oriented Gabors with center spatial frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 12.0 cpd (cycles per degree). Experiment 2 presented 0.5, 1.5 and 4.0 cpd Gabors whose phases were sinusoidally reversed at 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, and 32.0 c/s (Hz). Results: SAD showed significantly greater contrast sensitivities than Controls for static spatial frequencies equal to or greater than 6.0 cpd. Depressed showed significantly greater contrast sensitivities at 6.0 cpd and 12.0 cpd. With phase modulation, the SAD group showed significantly enhanced contrast sensitivity with 4.0 cpd-2.0 Hz Gabors. All other results at lower spatial-higher temporal frequencies were not significant. Limitations: Most of the subjects were drawn from the student population instead of the community or clinics, even though they met the criteria for clinical depression. Antidepressant use was not controlled for among the subjects. Conclusions: These findings suggest that clinical depression can enhance contrast sensitivity when stimuli elicit strong parvocellular responses. These enhancements implicate differences in retinal functionality. Mechanisms that link neuromodulatory activity to retinal signal processing are proposed.
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Contrast sensitivity in seasonal and nonseasonal depression</title><author><name sortKey="Wesner, Michael F" sort="Wesner, Michael F" uniqKey="Wesner M" first="Michael F." last="Wesner">Michael F. Wesner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Lakehead University, Department of Psychology, 955 Oliver Road</s1><s2>Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Josephine" sort="Tan, Josephine" uniqKey="Tan J" first="Josephine" last="Tan">Josephine Tan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Lakehead University, Department of Psychology, 955 Oliver Road</s1><s2>Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">06-0522419</idno><date when="2006">2006</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 06-0522419 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:06-0522419</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000800</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000523</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000745</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000745</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0165-0327:2006:Wesner M:contrast:sensitivity:in</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002C43</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Contrast sensitivity in seasonal and nonseasonal depression</title><author><name sortKey="Wesner, Michael F" sort="Wesner, Michael F" uniqKey="Wesner M" first="Michael F." last="Wesner">Michael F. Wesner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Lakehead University, Department of Psychology, 955 Oliver Road</s1><s2>Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Josephine" sort="Tan, Josephine" uniqKey="Tan J" first="Josephine" last="Tan">Josephine Tan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Lakehead University, Department of Psychology, 955 Oliver Road</s1><s2>Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of affective disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. affect. disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0165-0327</idno><imprint><date when="2006">2006</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of affective disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. affect. disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0165-0327</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Contrast</term><term>Depression</term><term>Retina</term><term>Seasonal variation</term><term>Sensitivity</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Contraste</term><term>Sensibilité</term><term>Variation saisonnière</term><term>Etat dépressif</term><term>Rétine</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background: Psychophysics has been used for the early diagnosis of many diseases that affect the visual pathway including those not usually considered vision-related (e.g., Parkinson's disease). Little has been done, however, to investigate visual functioning in psychological disorders known to be effectively treated by phototherapy. We measured the static and dynamic spatial contrast detection thresholds of seasonally depressed (SAD), nonseasonally depressed (Depressed) and nondepressed (Control) individuals. Methods: Two psychophysical experiments which measured luminance contrast detection thresholds were conducted. Experiment 1 presented static, vertically oriented Gabors with center spatial frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 12.0 cpd (cycles per degree). Experiment 2 presented 0.5, 1.5 and 4.0 cpd Gabors whose phases were sinusoidally reversed at 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, and 32.0 c/s (Hz). Results: SAD showed significantly greater contrast sensitivities than Controls for static spatial frequencies equal to or greater than 6.0 cpd. Depressed showed significantly greater contrast sensitivities at 6.0 cpd and 12.0 cpd. With phase modulation, the SAD group showed significantly enhanced contrast sensitivity with 4.0 cpd-2.0 Hz Gabors. All other results at lower spatial-higher temporal frequencies were not significant. Limitations: Most of the subjects were drawn from the student population instead of the community or clinics, even though they met the criteria for clinical depression. Antidepressant use was not controlled for among the subjects. Conclusions: These findings suggest that clinical depression can enhance contrast sensitivity when stimuli elicit strong parvocellular responses. These enhancements implicate differences in retinal functionality. Mechanisms that link neuromodulatory activity to retinal signal processing are proposed.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li></country></list><tree><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wesner, Michael F" sort="Wesner, Michael F" uniqKey="Wesner M" first="Michael F." last="Wesner">Michael F. Wesner</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Tan, Josephine" sort="Tan, Josephine" uniqKey="Tan J" first="Josephine" last="Tan">Josephine Tan</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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