Western Arctic Ocean temperature variability during the last 8000 years
Identifieur interne : 001D53 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001D52; suivant : 001D54Western Arctic Ocean temperature variability during the last 8000 years
Auteurs : Jesse R. Farmer ; Thomas M. Cronin ; Anne De Vernal ; Gary S. Dwyer ; Lloyd D. Keigwin ; Robert C. ThunellSource :
- Geophysical Research Letters [ 0094-8276 ] ; 2011-12-28.
Abstract
We reconstructed subsurface (∼200–400 m) ocean temperature and sea‐ice cover in the Canada Basin, western Arctic Ocean from foraminiferal δ18O, ostracode Mg/Ca ratios, and dinocyst assemblages from two sediment core records covering the last 8000 years. Results show mean temperature varied from −1 to 0.5°C and −0.5 to 1.5°C at 203 and 369 m water depths, respectively. Centennial‐scale warm periods in subsurface temperature records correspond to reductions in summer sea‐ice cover inferred from dinocyst assemblages around 6.5 ka, 3.5 ka, 1.8 ka and during the 15th century Common Era. These changes may reflect centennial changes in the temperature and/or strength of inflowing Atlantic Layer water originating in the eastern Arctic Ocean. By comparison, the 0.5 to 0.7°C warm temperature anomaly identified in oceanographic records from the Atlantic Layer of the Canada Basin exceeded reconstructed Atlantic Layer temperatures for the last 1200 years by about 0.5°C.
Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2011GL049714
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Results show mean temperature varied from −1 to 0.5°C and −0.5 to 1.5°C at 203 and 369 m water depths, respectively. Centennial‐scale warm periods in subsurface temperature records correspond to reductions in summer sea‐ice cover inferred from dinocyst assemblages around 6.5 ka, 3.5 ka, 1.8 ka and during the 15th century Common Era. These changes may reflect centennial changes in the temperature and/or strength of inflowing Atlantic Layer water originating in the eastern Arctic Ocean. By comparison, the 0.5 to 0.7°C warm temperature anomaly identified in oceanographic records from the Atlantic Layer of the Canada Basin exceeded reconstructed Atlantic Layer temperatures for the last 1200 years by about 0.5°C.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Jesse R. 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Vernal</surname></persName><affiliation>GEOTOP‐UQAM‐McGill, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Gary S.</forename><surname>Dwyer</surname></persName><affiliation>Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, North Carolina, Durham, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Lloyd D.</forename><surname>Keigwin</surname></persName><affiliation>Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts, Woods Hole, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Robert C.</forename><surname>Thunell</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of South Carolina, South Carolina, Columbia, USA</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Geophysical Research Letters</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Geophys. Res. Lett.</title><idno type="pISSN">0094-8276</idno><idno type="eISSN">1944-8007</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1944-8007</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2011-12-28"></date><biblScope unit="volume">38</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">24</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">0F66BB056E72D3D01B4CE3A5EDF105A8FB691232</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2011GL049714</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2011GL049714</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>We reconstructed subsurface (∼200–400 m) ocean temperature and sea‐ice cover in the Canada Basin, western Arctic Ocean from foraminiferal δ18O, ostracode Mg/Ca ratios, and dinocyst assemblages from two sediment core records covering the last 8000 years. Results show mean temperature varied from −1 to 0.5°C and −0.5 to 1.5°C at 203 and 369 m water depths, respectively. Centennial‐scale warm periods in subsurface temperature records correspond to reductions in summer sea‐ice cover inferred from dinocyst assemblages around 6.5 ka, 3.5 ka, 1.8 ka and during the 15th century Common Era. These changes may reflect centennial changes in the temperature and/or strength of inflowing Atlantic Layer water originating in the eastern Arctic Ocean. By comparison, the 0.5 to 0.7°C warm temperature anomaly identified in oceanographic records from the Atlantic Layer of the Canada Basin exceeded reconstructed Atlantic Layer temperatures for the last 1200 years by about 0.5°C.</p></abstract><abstract style="short"><p>Periods of reduced sea ice correspond with increased Atlantic Layer temperature The modern thermal structure of the western Arctic Ocean has existed since 7 ka Modern‐day Atlantic Layer temperatures are the warmest of the past millennium</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Arctic Ocean</term></item><item><term>Atlantic Layer</term></item><item><term>temperature</term></item><item><term>variability</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>index-terms</head><item><term>BIOGEOSCIENCES</term></item><item><term>Isotopic composition and chemistry</term></item><item><term>Trace element cycling</term></item><item><term>GEOCHEMISTRY</term></item><item><term>Stable isotope geochemistry</term></item><item><term>GLOBAL CHANGE</term></item><item><term>Climate variability</term></item><item><term>Oceans</term></item><item><term>ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</term></item><item><term>Climate change and variability</term></item><item><term>Climatology</term></item><item><term>OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</term></item><item><term>Arctic and Antarctic oceanography</term></item><item><term>Climate and interannual variability</term></item><item><term>OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</term></item><item><term>Decadal ocean variability</term></item><item><term>OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</term></item><item><term>Stable isotopes</term></item><item><term>Trace elements</term></item><item><term>PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</term></item><item><term>Palynology</term></item><item><term>GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION</term></item><item><term>Antarctica</term></item><item><term>Arctic region</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Oceans</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-09-22">Received</change><change when="2011-11-09">Registration</change><change when="2011-12-28">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/0F66BB056E72D3D01B4CE3A5EDF105A8FB691232/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:lang="en" xml:id="grl28691"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi>10.1002/(ISSN)1944-8007</doi><issn type="print">0094-8276</issn><issn type="electronic">1944-8007</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="GRL"></id><id type="coden" value="GPRLAJ"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS">Geophysical Research Letters</title><title type="short">Geophys. 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Lett.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="240"><doi>10.1002/grl.v38.24</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="38">38</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">24</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2011-12-28">28 December 2011</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="140" type="article" status="forIssue"><doi>10.1029/2011GL049714</doi><idGroup><id type="editorialOffice" value="2011GL049714"></id><id type="society" value="L24602"></id><id type="unit" value="GRL28691"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="6"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Oceans</title><title type="tocHeading1">Oceans</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">© 2011 by the American Geophysical Union</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2011-09-22"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2011-11-08"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2011-11-09"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2011-12-17"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2011-12-17"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="SPi Global Converter:AGUv3.44_TO_WileyML3Gv1.0.3 version:1.3; WileyML 3G Packaging Tool v1.0; AGU2WileyML3G Final Clean Up v1.0" date="2012-12-18"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.2.6 mode:FullText" date="2013-11-13"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-23"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">n/a</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">n/a</numbering></numberingGroup><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0454">Isotopic composition and chemistry</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0489">Trace element cycling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1000">GEOCHEMISTRY</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1041">Stable isotope geochemistry</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1616">Climate variability</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1635">Oceans</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3300">ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3305">Climate change and variability</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3309">Climatology</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4200">OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4207">Arctic and Antarctic oceanography</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4215">Climate and interannual variability</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4500">OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4513">Decadal ocean variability</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4870">Stable isotopes</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4875">Trace elements</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4952">Palynology</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9300">GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9310">Antarctica</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9315">Arctic region</subject></subjectInfo></subjectInfo><selfCitationGroup><citation xml:id="grl28691-cit-0000" type="self"><author><familyName>Farmer</familyName>, <givenNames>J. R.</givenNames></author>, <author><givenNames>T. M.</givenNames> <familyName>Cronin</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>A.</givenNames> <familyName>de Vernal</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>G. S.</givenNames> <familyName>Dwyer</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>L. D.</givenNames> <familyName>Keigwin</familyName></author>, and <author><givenNames>R. C.</givenNames> <familyName>Thunell</familyName></author> (<pubYear year="2011">2011</pubYear>), <articleTitle>Western Arctic Ocean temperature variability during the last 8000 years</articleTitle>, <journalTitle>Geophys. Res. Lett.</journalTitle>, <vol>38</vol>, L24602, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1029/2011GL049714">10.1029/2011GL049714</accessionId>.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:GRL.GRL28691.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="wordTotal" number="3700"></count><count type="figureTotal" number="3"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Western Arctic Ocean temperature variability during the last 8000 years</title><title type="short">ARCTIC OCEAN TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY</title><title type="shortAuthors">Farmer <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="grl28691-cr-0001" affiliationRef="#grl28691-aff-0001 #grl28691-aff-0006"><personName><givenNames>Jesse R.</givenNames> <familyName>Farmer</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="jfarmer@ldeo.columbia.edu">jfarmer@ldeo.columbia.edu</email></contactDetails></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="grl28691-cr-0002" affiliationRef="#grl28691-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Thomas M.</givenNames> <familyName>Cronin</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="grl28691-cr-0003" affiliationRef="#grl28691-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>Anne</givenNames> <familyName>de Vernal</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="grl28691-cr-0004" affiliationRef="#grl28691-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Gary S.</givenNames> <familyName>Dwyer</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="grl28691-cr-0005" affiliationRef="#grl28691-aff-0004"><personName><givenNames>Lloyd D.</givenNames> <familyName>Keigwin</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="grl28691-cr-0006" affiliationRef="#grl28691-aff-0005"><personName><givenNames>Robert C.</givenNames> <familyName>Thunell</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="grl28691-aff-0001"><orgName>U.S. Geological Survey</orgName><address><city>Reston</city><countryPart>Virginia</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="grl28691-aff-0002"><orgName>GEOTOP‐UQAM‐McGill</orgName><address><city>Montreal, Quebec</city><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="grl28691-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment</orgDiv><orgName>Duke University</orgName><address><city>Durham</city><countryPart>North Carolina</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="grl28691-aff-0004"><orgName>Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution</orgName><address><city>Woods Hole</city><countryPart>Massachusetts</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="grl28691-aff-0005"><orgDiv>Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>University of South Carolina</orgName><address><city>Columbia</city><countryPart>South Carolina</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation type="organization" xml:id="grl28691-aff-0006"><unparsedAffiliation>Now at Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory, Earth Institute at Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA.</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="grl28691-kwd-0001">Arctic Ocean</keyword><keyword xml:id="grl28691-kwd-0002">Atlantic Layer</keyword><keyword xml:id="grl28691-kwd-0003">temperature</keyword><keyword xml:id="grl28691-kwd-0004">variability</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation xml:id="grl28691-sup-0000"><p xml:id="grl28691-para-0001">Auxiliary material for this article contains information on the establishment of chronology for cores HLY0205‐GGC‐19 and P1‐92AR‐P1/B3, detailed methodology for oxygen isotope, magnesium‐calcium, and dinocyst assemblage proxies, establishment of uncertainty for our proxy temperature measurements, and a discussion of other factors outside of temperature which may influence our proxy reconstructions.</p><p xml:id="grl28691-para-0002">Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac).</p><p xml:id="grl28691-para-0003">Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt.</p><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:00948276:media:grl28691:grl28691-sup-0001-readme"></mediaResource><caption>readme.txt</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:00948276:media:grl28691:grl28691-sup-0002-txts01"></mediaResource><caption>Text S1. Chronostratigraphy, methodology, uncertainty in bottom water temperature analyses, and dinocyst assemblages from GGC‐19.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="application/postscript" href="urn-x:wiley:00948276:media:grl28691:grl28691-sup-0003-fs01"></mediaResource><caption>Figure S1. Age‐depth profiles for cores HLY0205‐GGC19 and P1‐92AR‐P1/B3.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="application/postscript" href="urn-x:wiley:00948276:media:grl28691:grl28691-sup-0004-fs02"></mediaResource><caption>Figure S2. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages in GGC‐19.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="application/postscript" href="urn-x:wiley:00948276:media:grl28691:grl28691-sup-0005-fs03"></mediaResource><caption>Figure S3. Percentage of identified dinoflagellate cysts versus core depth for GGC‐19.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:00948276:media:grl28691:grl28691-sup-0006-ts01"></mediaResource><caption>Table S1. Radiocarbon dates for cores GGC‐19 and P1/B3.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p xml:id="grl28691-para-0004" label="1">We reconstructed subsurface (∼200–400 m) ocean temperature and sea‐ice cover in the Canada Basin, western Arctic Ocean from foraminiferal <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O, ostracode Mg/Ca ratios, and dinocyst assemblages from two sediment core records covering the last 8000 years. Results show mean temperature varied from −1 to 0.5°C and −0.5 to 1.5°C at 203 and 369 m water depths, respectively. Centennial‐scale warm periods in subsurface temperature records correspond to reductions in summer sea‐ice cover inferred from dinocyst assemblages around 6.5 ka, 3.5 ka, 1.8 ka and during the 15th century Common Era. These changes may reflect centennial changes in the temperature and/or strength of inflowing Atlantic Layer water originating in the eastern Arctic Ocean. By comparison, the 0.5 to 0.7°C warm temperature anomaly identified in oceanographic records from the Atlantic Layer of the Canada Basin exceeded reconstructed Atlantic Layer temperatures for the last 1200 years by about 0.5°C.</p></abstract><abstract type="short"><title type="main">Key Points</title><p xml:id="grl28691-para-0005"><list style="bulleted"><listItem>Periods of reduced sea ice correspond with increased Atlantic Layer temperature</listItem><listItem>The modern thermal structure of the western Arctic Ocean has existed since 7 ka</listItem><listItem>Modern‐day Atlantic Layer temperatures are the warmest of the past millennium</listItem></list></p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Western Arctic Ocean temperature variability during the last 8000 years</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>ARCTIC OCEAN TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Western Arctic Ocean temperature variability during the last 8000 years</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jesse R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Farmer</namePart><affiliation>U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Now at Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory, Earth Institute at Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA.</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: jfarmer@ldeo.columbia.edu</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Thomas M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cronin</namePart><affiliation>U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia, Reston, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anne</namePart><namePart type="family">de Vernal</namePart><affiliation>GEOTOP‐UQAM‐McGill, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gary S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dwyer</namePart><affiliation>Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, North Carolina, Durham, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lloyd D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Keigwin</namePart><affiliation>Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts, Woods Hole, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Thunell</namePart><affiliation>Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of South Carolina, South Carolina, Columbia, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-12-28</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2011-09-22</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2011-11-09</dateValid><edition>Farmer, J. R., T. M. Cronin, A. de Vernal, G. S. Dwyer, L. D. Keigwin, and R. C. Thunell (2011), Western Arctic Ocean temperature variability during the last 8000 years, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L24602, doi:10.1029/2011GL049714.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">3</extent><extent unit="words">3700</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>We reconstructed subsurface (∼200–400 m) ocean temperature and sea‐ice cover in the Canada Basin, western Arctic Ocean from foraminiferal δ18O, ostracode Mg/Ca ratios, and dinocyst assemblages from two sediment core records covering the last 8000 years. Results show mean temperature varied from −1 to 0.5°C and −0.5 to 1.5°C at 203 and 369 m water depths, respectively. Centennial‐scale warm periods in subsurface temperature records correspond to reductions in summer sea‐ice cover inferred from dinocyst assemblages around 6.5 ka, 3.5 ka, 1.8 ka and during the 15th century Common Era. These changes may reflect centennial changes in the temperature and/or strength of inflowing Atlantic Layer water originating in the eastern Arctic Ocean. By comparison, the 0.5 to 0.7°C warm temperature anomaly identified in oceanographic records from the Atlantic Layer of the Canada Basin exceeded reconstructed Atlantic Layer temperatures for the last 1200 years by about 0.5°C.</abstract><abstract type="short">Periods of reduced sea ice correspond with increased Atlantic Layer temperature The modern thermal structure of the western Arctic Ocean has existed since 7 ka Modern‐day Atlantic Layer temperatures are the warmest of the past millennium</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Arctic Ocean</topic><topic>Atlantic Layer</topic><topic>temperature</topic><topic>variability</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Geophysical Research Letters</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Geophys. Res. Lett.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><note type="content"> Auxiliary material for this article contains information on the establishment of chronology for cores HLY0205‐GGC‐19 and P1‐92AR‐P1/B3, detailed methodology for oxygen isotope, magnesium‐calcium, and dinocyst assemblage proxies, establishment of uncertainty for our proxy temperature measurements, and a discussion of other factors outside of temperature which may influence our proxy reconstructions. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt. Auxiliary material for this article contains information on the establishment of chronology for cores HLY0205‐GGC‐19 and P1‐92AR‐P1/B3, detailed methodology for oxygen isotope, magnesium‐calcium, and dinocyst assemblage proxies, establishment of uncertainty for our proxy temperature measurements, and a discussion of other factors outside of temperature which may influence our proxy reconstructions. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt. Auxiliary material for this article contains information on the establishment of chronology for cores HLY0205‐GGC‐19 and P1‐92AR‐P1/B3, detailed methodology for oxygen isotope, magnesium‐calcium, and dinocyst assemblage proxies, establishment of uncertainty for our proxy temperature measurements, and a discussion of other factors outside of temperature which may influence our proxy reconstructions. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt.Supporting Info Item: readme.txt - Text S1. Chronostratigraphy, methodology, uncertainty in bottom water temperature analyses, and dinocyst assemblages from GGC‐19. - Figure S1. Age‐depth profiles for cores HLY0205‐GGC19 and P1‐92AR‐P1/B3. - Figure S2. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages in GGC‐19. - Figure S3. Percentage of identified dinoflagellate cysts versus core depth for GGC‐19. - Table S1. Radiocarbon dates for cores GGC‐19 and P1/B3. - </note><subject><genre>index-terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0454">Isotopic composition and chemistry</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0489">Trace element cycling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1000">GEOCHEMISTRY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1041">Stable isotope geochemistry</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1616">Climate variability</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1635">Oceans</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3300">ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3305">Climate change and variability</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3309">Climatology</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4200">OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4207">Arctic and Antarctic oceanography</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4215">Climate and interannual variability</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4500">OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4513">Decadal ocean variability</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4870">Stable isotopes</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4875">Trace elements</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4952">Palynology</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9300">GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9310">Antarctica</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9315">Arctic region</topic></subject><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Oceans</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0094-8276</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1944-8007</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1944-8007</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">GPRLAJ</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">GRL</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>38</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>n/a</start><end>n/a</end><total>6</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">0F66BB056E72D3D01B4CE3A5EDF105A8FB691232</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1029/2011GL049714</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">2011GL049714</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2011 by the American Geophysical Union</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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