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Historical and ecological correlates of body shape in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans

Identifieur interne : 001D51 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001D50; suivant : 001D52

Historical and ecological correlates of body shape in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans

Auteurs : Jessica Lyn Ward ; Deborah Ann Mclennan

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:F479F527B0531021C09FA35F3C58817DE103B0C6

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Abstract

Using geometric morphometric methods, we evaluated the correlation between phenotypic variation and available historical and habitat information for two genetically differentiated, allopatric lineages of a widespread North American species, the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans). The results obtained revealed strong patterns of structured phenotypic differentiation across the species range with extreme phenotypes occurring at the northwest and southeast range boundaries. Shape variation was broadly congruent with the distribution of two mitochondrial DNA lineages; a deep‐bodied eastern form (Atlantic refugium) and a slim‐bodied western form (Mississippian refugium); however, the two forms were not lineage‐specific and phenotypic cladistic diversification is likely to be an artefact of underlying clinal variation associated with longitudinal and latitudinal gradients. In addition, we found little evidence of diagnosable lake and river forms across North America. Taken together, large‐scale patterns of phenotypic diversity observed in C. inconstans suggest that relatively recent factors, such as continually varying natural selection across the range and/or potential local gene flow, may substantially mitigate the effects of historical separation or a generalized adaptive response to alternative habitats. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96, 769–783.

Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01180.x

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ISTEX:F479F527B0531021C09FA35F3C58817DE103B0C6

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<b>Appendix S1.</b>
Locality information and lineage and habitat assignment for wild‐caught brook stickleback,
<i>Culaea inconstans</i>
, collected from 80 sites across Canada and the United States (
<i>N</i>
= 1420). Atlantic lineage (River):
<i>N</i>
= 218; Atlantic lineage (Lake):
<i>N</i>
= 68; Mississippi lineage (River):
<i>N</i>
= 643; Mississippi lineage (Lake):
<i>N</i>
= 491. Map location numbers indicate placement in Fig. 1. Asterisks indicate genetically sequenced populations used in subset analysis.</p>
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<p>Using geometric morphometric methods, we evaluated the correlation between phenotypic variation and available historical and habitat information for two genetically differentiated, allopatric lineages of a widespread North American species, the brook stickleback (
<i>Culaea inconstans</i>
). The results obtained revealed strong patterns of structured phenotypic differentiation across the species range with extreme phenotypes occurring at the northwest and southeast range boundaries. Shape variation was broadly congruent with the distribution of two mitochondrial DNA lineages; a deep‐bodied eastern form (Atlantic refugium) and a slim‐bodied western form (Mississippian refugium); however, the two forms were not lineage‐specific and phenotypic cladistic diversification is likely to be an artefact of underlying clinal variation associated with longitudinal and latitudinal gradients. In addition, we found little evidence of diagnosable lake and river forms across North America. Taken together, large‐scale patterns of phenotypic diversity observed in
<i>C. inconstans</i>
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<i>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>
, 2009,
<b>96</b>
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<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate>
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<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
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<abstract>Using geometric morphometric methods, we evaluated the correlation between phenotypic variation and available historical and habitat information for two genetically differentiated, allopatric lineages of a widespread North American species, the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans). The results obtained revealed strong patterns of structured phenotypic differentiation across the species range with extreme phenotypes occurring at the northwest and southeast range boundaries. Shape variation was broadly congruent with the distribution of two mitochondrial DNA lineages; a deep‐bodied eastern form (Atlantic refugium) and a slim‐bodied western form (Mississippian refugium); however, the two forms were not lineage‐specific and phenotypic cladistic diversification is likely to be an artefact of underlying clinal variation associated with longitudinal and latitudinal gradients. In addition, we found little evidence of diagnosable lake and river forms across North America. Taken together, large‐scale patterns of phenotypic diversity observed in C. inconstans suggest that relatively recent factors, such as continually varying natural selection across the range and/or potential local gene flow, may substantially mitigate the effects of historical separation or a generalized adaptive response to alternative habitats. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96, 769–783.</abstract>
<subject lang="en">
<genre>keywords</genre>
<topic>adaptation</topic>
<topic>allopatric divergence</topic>
<topic>cline</topic>
<topic>Gasterosteus aculeatus</topic>
<topic>gene flow</topic>
<topic>geometric morphometrics</topic>
<topic>morphological evolution</topic>
</subject>
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<titleInfo>
<title>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</title>
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<genre type="journal">journal</genre>
<note type="content"> Appendix S1. Locality information and lineage and habitat assignment for wild‐caught brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans, collected from 80 sites across Canada and the United States (N = 1420). Atlantic lineage (River): N = 218; Atlantic lineage (Lake): N = 68; Mississippi lineage (River): N = 643; Mississippi lineage (Lake): N = 491. Map location numbers indicate placement in Fig. 1. Asterisks indicate genetically sequenced populations used in subset analysis. Please note: Wiley‐Blackwell are not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Appendix S1. Locality information and lineage and habitat assignment for wild‐caught brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans, collected from 80 sites across Canada and the United States (N = 1420). Atlantic lineage (River): N = 218; Atlantic lineage (Lake): N = 68; Mississippi lineage (River): N = 643; Mississippi lineage (Lake): N = 491. Map location numbers indicate placement in Fig. 1. Asterisks indicate genetically sequenced populations used in subset analysis. Please note: Wiley‐Blackwell are not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.Supporting Info Item: Supporting info item - </note>
<identifier type="ISSN">0024-4066</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">1095-8312</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1095-8312</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">BIJ</identifier>
<part>
<date>2009</date>
<detail type="volume">
<caption>vol.</caption>
<number>96</number>
</detail>
<detail type="issue">
<caption>no.</caption>
<number>4</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages">
<start>769</start>
<end>783</end>
<total>15</total>
</extent>
</part>
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<identifier type="istex">F479F527B0531021C09FA35F3C58817DE103B0C6</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01180.x</identifier>
<identifier type="ArticleID">BIJ1180</identifier>
<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2009 The Linnean Society of London</accessCondition>
<recordInfo>
<recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource>
<recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin>
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