Genetically modified crops: environmental and human health concerns.
Identifieur interne : 000E22 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000E21; suivant : 000E23Genetically modified crops: environmental and human health concerns.
Auteurs : João Lúcio Azevedo ; Welington Luiz AraujoSource :
- Mutation research [ 0027-5107 ] ; 2003.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- adverse effects : Crops, Agricultural, Food, Genetically Modified.
- Health, Humans.
Abstract
About 10,000 years ago subsistence farmers started to domesticate plants and it was only much later, after the discovery of the fundaments of genetics, those organisms were submitted to rational genetic improvement mainly by selecting of traits of interest. Breeders used appropriate gene combinations to produce new animal races, plant varieties and hybrids, as well as improved microorganisms such as yeasts. After the introduction of recombinant DNA techniques, the transfer of DNA between species belonging to different genera, families or kingdoms became possible. The release of transgenic plants has aroused debates about several aspects of the environmental and human risks that could result from the introduction of genetically modified crops. Less effort has been dedicated to evaluate the impact of transgenic plants on their associated microorganisms, some of which (e.g. nitrogen-fixing bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi and endophytic microbiota) are extremely important for the survival of the plant. Investigations have been made regarding the horizontal transfer of genetic material between transgenic plants and microorganisms and on the disturbance of useful symbiotic associations between plants and endophytic, epiphytic and rhizosphere communities. In most cases the results do no show any adverse effect of transgenic plants on autochthonous plant-associated microorganisms. Results from our laboratory show small changes caused by genetically modified endophytic bacteria on the indigenous endophytic population of the sweet orange Citrus sinensis. In tests using appropriated fungal strains preliminary results using extracts from transgenic plants indicate that these plants do not affect haploidization, mitotic crossing-over, mutation rate or chromosomal alterations.
PubMed: 14644324
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pubmed:14644324Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Azevedo, Joao Lucio" sort="Azevedo, Joao Lucio" uniqKey="Azevedo J" first="João Lúcio" last="Azevedo">João Lúcio Azevedo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura, Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. jazevedo@esalq.usp.br</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Araujo, Welington Luiz" sort="Araujo, Welington Luiz" uniqKey="Araujo W" first="Welington Luiz" last="Araujo">Welington Luiz Araujo</name>
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<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura, Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. jazevedo@esalq.usp.br</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Araujo, Welington Luiz" sort="Araujo, Welington Luiz" uniqKey="Araujo W" first="Welington Luiz" last="Araujo">Welington Luiz Araujo</name>
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<series><title level="j">Mutation research</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0027-5107</idno>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Crops, Agricultural (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Food, Genetically Modified (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Health</term>
<term>Humans</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Crops, Agricultural</term>
<term>Food, Genetically Modified</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Health</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">About 10,000 years ago subsistence farmers started to domesticate plants and it was only much later, after the discovery of the fundaments of genetics, those organisms were submitted to rational genetic improvement mainly by selecting of traits of interest. Breeders used appropriate gene combinations to produce new animal races, plant varieties and hybrids, as well as improved microorganisms such as yeasts. After the introduction of recombinant DNA techniques, the transfer of DNA between species belonging to different genera, families or kingdoms became possible. The release of transgenic plants has aroused debates about several aspects of the environmental and human risks that could result from the introduction of genetically modified crops. Less effort has been dedicated to evaluate the impact of transgenic plants on their associated microorganisms, some of which (e.g. nitrogen-fixing bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi and endophytic microbiota) are extremely important for the survival of the plant. Investigations have been made regarding the horizontal transfer of genetic material between transgenic plants and microorganisms and on the disturbance of useful symbiotic associations between plants and endophytic, epiphytic and rhizosphere communities. In most cases the results do no show any adverse effect of transgenic plants on autochthonous plant-associated microorganisms. Results from our laboratory show small changes caused by genetically modified endophytic bacteria on the indigenous endophytic population of the sweet orange Citrus sinensis. In tests using appropriated fungal strains preliminary results using extracts from transgenic plants indicate that these plants do not affect haploidization, mitotic crossing-over, mutation rate or chromosomal alterations.</div>
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<Title>Mutation research</Title>
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<ArticleTitle>Genetically modified crops: environmental and human health concerns.</ArticleTitle>
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<Abstract><AbstractText>About 10,000 years ago subsistence farmers started to domesticate plants and it was only much later, after the discovery of the fundaments of genetics, those organisms were submitted to rational genetic improvement mainly by selecting of traits of interest. Breeders used appropriate gene combinations to produce new animal races, plant varieties and hybrids, as well as improved microorganisms such as yeasts. After the introduction of recombinant DNA techniques, the transfer of DNA between species belonging to different genera, families or kingdoms became possible. The release of transgenic plants has aroused debates about several aspects of the environmental and human risks that could result from the introduction of genetically modified crops. Less effort has been dedicated to evaluate the impact of transgenic plants on their associated microorganisms, some of which (e.g. nitrogen-fixing bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi and endophytic microbiota) are extremely important for the survival of the plant. Investigations have been made regarding the horizontal transfer of genetic material between transgenic plants and microorganisms and on the disturbance of useful symbiotic associations between plants and endophytic, epiphytic and rhizosphere communities. In most cases the results do no show any adverse effect of transgenic plants on autochthonous plant-associated microorganisms. Results from our laboratory show small changes caused by genetically modified endophytic bacteria on the indigenous endophytic population of the sweet orange Citrus sinensis. In tests using appropriated fungal strains preliminary results using extracts from transgenic plants indicate that these plants do not affect haploidization, mitotic crossing-over, mutation rate or chromosomal alterations.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Azevedo</LastName>
<ForeName>João Lúcio</ForeName>
<Initials>JL</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura, Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. jazevedo@esalq.usp.br</Affiliation>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D030841" MajorTopicYN="N">Food, Genetically Modified</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006262" MajorTopicYN="Y">Health</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
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