Changes in the Composition of Aromatherapeutic Citrus Oils during Evaporation
Identifieur interne : 000051 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000050; suivant : 000052Changes in the Composition of Aromatherapeutic Citrus Oils during Evaporation
Auteurs : George W. Francis [Norvège] ; Yen Thuy Hoang Bui [Norvège]Source :
- Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM [ 1741-427X ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The composition of some commercial
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DOI: 10.1155/2015/421695
PubMed: 26161120
PubMed Central: 4486248
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Changes in the Composition of Aromatherapeutic <italic>Citrus</italic> Oils during Evaporation</title><author><name sortKey="Francis, George W" sort="Francis, George W" uniqKey="Francis G" first="George W." last="Francis">George W. Francis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bui, Yen Thuy Hoang" sort="Bui, Yen Thuy Hoang" uniqKey="Bui Y" first="Yen Thuy Hoang" last="Bui">Yen Thuy Hoang Bui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26161120</idno><idno type="pmc">4486248</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4486248</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4486248</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2015/421695</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000051</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000051</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Changes in the Composition of Aromatherapeutic <italic>Citrus</italic> Oils during Evaporation</title><author><name sortKey="Francis, George W" sort="Francis, George W" uniqKey="Francis G" first="George W." last="Francis">George W. Francis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bui, Yen Thuy Hoang" sort="Bui, Yen Thuy Hoang" uniqKey="Bui Y" first="Yen Thuy Hoang" last="Bui">Yen Thuy Hoang Bui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM</title><idno type="ISSN">1741-427X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1741-4288</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The composition of some commercial <italic>Citrus</italic> oils, lemon, sweet orange, and tangerine, designated for aromatherapy, was examined before and after partial evaporation in a stream of nitrogen. The intact oils contained the expected mixtures of mono- and sesquiterpenes, with hydrocarbons dominating and lesser amounts of oxygenated analogues making up the remainder. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to follow alterations in the relative amounts of the various components present as evaporation proceeded. Changes were marked, and in particular more volatile components present in the intact oils rapidly disappeared. Thus the balance of content was shifted away from monoterpene hydrocarbons towards the analogous alcohols and carbonyl compounds. The results of this differential evaporation are discussed and possible consequences for aromatherapy use are noted. The case of lemon oil was especially interesting as the relative amount of citral, a known sensitizer, remaining as time elapsed represented an increasing percentage of the total oil.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ba Er, K H C" uniqKey="Ba Er K">K. H. C. Başer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buchbauer, G" uniqKey="Buchbauer G">G. Buchbauer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lis Balchin, M" uniqKey="Lis Balchin M">M. Lis-Balchin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Price, S" uniqKey="Price S">S. Price</name></author><author><name sortKey="Price, L" uniqKey="Price L">L. Price</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tisserand, R" uniqKey="Tisserand R">R. Tisserand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balacs, T" uniqKey="Balacs T">T. Balacs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oberhofer, B" uniqKey="Oberhofer B">B. Oberhofer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nikiforov, A" uniqKey="Nikiforov A">A. Nikiforov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buchbauer, G" uniqKey="Buchbauer G">G. Buchbauer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jirovetz, L" uniqKey="Jirovetz L">L. Jirovetz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bicchi, C" uniqKey="Bicchi C">C. Bicchi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Francis, G W" uniqKey="Francis G">G. W. Francis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stusdal, T K" uniqKey="Stusdal T">T. K. Stusdal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abbate, L" uniqKey="Abbate L">L. Abbate</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tusa, N" uniqKey="Tusa N">N. Tusa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fatta Del Bosco, S" uniqKey="Fatta Del Bosco S">S. Fatta Del Bosco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Strano, T" uniqKey="Strano T">T. Strano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Renda, A" uniqKey="Renda A">A. Renda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruberto, G" uniqKey="Ruberto G">G. Ruberto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bourgou, S" uniqKey="Bourgou S">S. Bourgou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rahali, F Z" uniqKey="Rahali F">F. Z. Rahali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ourghemmi, I" uniqKey="Ourghemmi I">I. Ourghemmi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sadani Tounsi, M" uniqKey="Sadani Tounsi M">M. Sadani Tounsi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Spiegel Roy, P" uniqKey="Spiegel Roy P">P. Spiegel-Roy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goldschmidt, E E" uniqKey="Goldschmidt E">E. E. Goldschmidt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saunt, J" uniqKey="Saunt J">J. Saunt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khan, I A" uniqKey="Khan I">I. A. Khan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tranchida, P Q" uniqKey="Tranchida P">P. Q. Tranchida</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonaccorsi, I" uniqKey="Bonaccorsi I">I. Bonaccorsi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dugo, P" uniqKey="Dugo P">P. Dugo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mondello, L" uniqKey="Mondello L">L. Mondello</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dugo, G" uniqKey="Dugo G">G. Dugo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kubeczka, K H" uniqKey="Kubeczka K">K. H. Kubeczka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Forma Ek, V" uniqKey="Forma Ek V">V. Formáček</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schnuch, A" uniqKey="Schnuch A">A. Schnuch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Uter, W" uniqKey="Uter W">W. Uter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Geier, J" uniqKey="Geier J">J. Geier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lessmann, H" uniqKey="Lessmann H">H. Lessmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frosch, P J" uniqKey="Frosch P">P. J. Frosch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dolovich, M B" uniqKey="Dolovich M">M. B. Dolovich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dhand, R" uniqKey="Dhand R">R. Dhand</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ECAM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1741-427X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1741-4288</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26161120</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4486248</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2015/421695</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Changes in the Composition of Aromatherapeutic <italic>Citrus</italic> Oils during Evaporation</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Francis</surname><given-names>George W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bui</surname><given-names>Yen Thuy Hoang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1">Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*George W. Francis: <email>george.francis@uib.no</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Michał Tomczyk</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>15</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>2015</volume><elocation-id>421695</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>4</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 G. W. Francis and Y. T. H. Bui.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The composition of some commercial <italic>Citrus</italic> oils, lemon, sweet orange, and tangerine, designated for aromatherapy, was examined before and after partial evaporation in a stream of nitrogen. The intact oils contained the expected mixtures of mono- and sesquiterpenes, with hydrocarbons dominating and lesser amounts of oxygenated analogues making up the remainder. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to follow alterations in the relative amounts of the various components present as evaporation proceeded. Changes were marked, and in particular more volatile components present in the intact oils rapidly disappeared. Thus the balance of content was shifted away from monoterpene hydrocarbons towards the analogous alcohols and carbonyl compounds. The results of this differential evaporation are discussed and possible consequences for aromatherapy use are noted. The case of lemon oil was especially interesting as the relative amount of citral, a known sensitizer, remaining as time elapsed represented an increasing percentage of the total oil.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Gas chromatograms obtained for lemon oil. Upper: before evaporation; middle: after 50% evaporation; and bottom: after 90% evaporation. Conditions are as described in the experimental part. Compounds are numbered as in <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab1">Table 1</xref>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2015-421695.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Gas chromatograms obtained for tangerine oil. Upper: before evaporation; middle: after 50% evaporation; and bottom: after 90% evaporation. Conditions are as described in the experimental part. Compounds are numbered as in <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab1">Table 1</xref>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2015-421695.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Gas chromatograms obtained for sweet orange oil. Upper: before evaporation; middle: after 50% evaporation; and bottom: after 90% evaporation. Conditions are as described in the experimental part. Compounds are numbered as in <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab1">Table 1</xref>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ECAM2015-421695.003"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Percentage composition of <italic>Citrus</italic> oils as determined by GC-MS. Numbers in parenthesis after chemical names refer to peak numbers on chromatograms. Oils are identified as lemon, tangerine, and sweet orange. Column heads show percentage of oil remaining at analysis point. GC was carried out under the following conditions: VF-1MS column of 25 meters × 200 <italic>μ</italic>m (i.d.), film thickness 0.33 <italic>μ</italic>m, at helium pressure 81.8 kPa, and rate 0.7 mL/min, with a split/splitless injector. Samples for GC-MS were analysed after dilution 1 : 10 (v : v) and an aliquot (0.2 <italic>μ</italic>L) was injected with a 1 : 50 split. Temperature program: initial temperature 50°C, with immediate heating rate of 30°C/min from 50 to 150°C, 8°C/min from 150 to 300°C, and finally 5 min isothermal at 300°C. </p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1">Compound (peak numbers) </th><th align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1">Essential oils </th></tr><tr><th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Lemon </th><th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Tangerine </th><th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Sweet orange </th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100% </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50% </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10% </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100% </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50% </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10% </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100% </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50% </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10% </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2-Thujene (1) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>α</italic>-Pinene (2) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.7 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Camphene (3) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>β</italic>-Phellandrene (4) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.2 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>β</italic>-Pinene (5) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.5 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.8 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.9 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.5 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.8 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1 </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>α</italic>-Phellandrene (6) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3-Carene (7) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">o-Cymene (8) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.9 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.8 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Limonene (9) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58.6 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.7 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.0 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.3 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95.0 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96.9 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94.6 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.8 </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>γ</italic>-Terpinene (10) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.7 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.4 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.7 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>β</italic>-Linalool (11) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5 </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Terpinolene (12) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>cis</italic>-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (13) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Isopulegol (14) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Decanal (15) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4 </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>α</italic>-Terpineol (16) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">cis-Carveol (17) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>β</italic>-Citral (18) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.7 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>α</italic>-Citral (19) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2 </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">D-Carvone (20) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nerol (21) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Neryl acetate (22) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>α</italic>-Copaene (23) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>β</italic>-Copaene (24) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>α</italic>-Bergamotene (25) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germacrene D (26) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>β</italic>-Bisabolene (27) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>δ</italic>-Cadinene (28) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 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