Checklist of Iranian Encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with Descriptions of New Species
Identifieur interne : 001052 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 001051; suivant : 001053Checklist of Iranian Encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with Descriptions of New Species
Auteurs : Majid Fallahzadeh ; George JaposhviliSource :
- Journal of Insect Science [ 1536-2442 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
A list of Iranian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) is given for the first time. It includes 93 species representing 32 genera. Host information from Iran and distributional data are also provided. Three genera and 7 species are first recorded from Iran. New host records are provided for three species. Two new species,
Url:
DOI: 10.1673/031.010.6801
PubMed: 20672988
PubMed Central: 3383422
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Checklist of Iranian Encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with Descriptions of New Species</title><author><name sortKey="Fallahzadeh, Majid" sort="Fallahzadeh, Majid" uniqKey="Fallahzadeh M" first="Majid" last="Fallahzadeh">Majid Fallahzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Japoshvili, George" sort="Japoshvili, George" uniqKey="Japoshvili G" first="George" last="Japoshvili">George Japoshvili</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20672988</idno><idno type="pmc">3383422</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383422</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3383422</idno><idno type="doi">10.1673/031.010.6801</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001052</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Checklist of Iranian Encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with Descriptions of New Species</title><author><name sortKey="Fallahzadeh, Majid" sort="Fallahzadeh, Majid" uniqKey="Fallahzadeh M" first="Majid" last="Fallahzadeh">Majid Fallahzadeh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Japoshvili, George" sort="Japoshvili, George" uniqKey="Japoshvili G" first="George" last="Japoshvili">George Japoshvili</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Insect Science</title><idno type="eISSN">1536-2442</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>A list of Iranian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) is given for the first time. It includes 93 species representing 32 genera. Host information from Iran and distributional data are also provided. Three genera and 7 species are first recorded from Iran. New host records are provided for three species. Two new species, <italic>Gyranusoidea iranica</italic> sp. n. and <italic>Microterys iranicus</italic> sp. n., are described and diagnostic characters are provided for them.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ameri, A" uniqKey="Ameri A">A Ameri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Talebi, Aa" uniqKey="Talebi A">AA Talebi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Zh" uniqKey="Xu Z">ZH Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rakhshani, E" uniqKey="Rakhshani E">E Rakhshani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ameri, A" uniqKey="Ameri A">A Ameri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Talebi, Aa" uniqKey="Talebi A">AA Talebi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fathipour, Y" uniqKey="Fathipour Y">Y Fathipour</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rakhshani, E" uniqKey="Rakhshani E">E Rakhshani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Insect Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Insect Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">insc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Insect Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1536-2442</issn><publisher><publisher-name>University of Wisconsin Library</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20672988</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3383422</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1673/031.010.6801</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Checklist of Iranian Encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with Descriptions of New Species</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fallahzadeh</surname><given-names>Majid</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="corr1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Japoshvili</surname><given-names>George</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2,</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="corr1"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label><sup>1</sup></label>Department of Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Fars, Iran</aff><aff id="aff2"><label><sup>2</sup></label>Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey</aff><aff id="aff3"><label><sup>3</sup></label>Entomology and Biocontrol Research Centre, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="corr1">Correspondence: <label><sup>a</sup></label><email>mfalahm@yahoo.com</email>, <label><sup>b</sup></label><email>giorgij70@yahoo.com</email></corresp><fn id="fn01"><p><bold>Associate Editor:</bold> Eugene Hall was editor of this paper</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>6</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><elocation-id>68</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>22</day><month>1</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>1</day><month>9</month><year>2009</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2010</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>A list of Iranian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) is given for the first time. It includes 93 species representing 32 genera. Host information from Iran and distributional data are also provided. Three genera and 7 species are first recorded from Iran. New host records are provided for three species. Two new species, <italic>Gyranusoidea iranica</italic> sp. n. and <italic>Microterys iranicus</italic> sp. n., are described and diagnostic characters are provided for them.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Key words
</title><kwd>New species</kwd><kwd>Hymenoptera</kwd><kwd>Encyrtidae</kwd><kwd>Distribution</kwd><kwd>Iran</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="25"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front><body><sec id="sec1"><title>Introduction</title><p>The Encyrtidae is the most speciose group of parasitoids attacking scale and psyllid insects. Members of the family are important in biological control. More than 400 encyrtid species have been used or are used today for suppression of various crop pests (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr60">Japoshvili and Noyes 2006</xref>). There are more then 1270 described species of encyrtids in the Palaearctic Region (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr110">Yasnosh and Japoshvili 1999</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr55">Japoshvili 2005</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr56">2007a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr57">b</xref>; Japoshvili and Karaca 2003; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr58">Japoshvili and Abrantes 2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr59">Japoshvili and Noyes 2005</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr60">2006</xref>).</p><p>The encyrtid fauna in Iran has been a subject of special investigations only in the last few years.The first published records of Iranian Encyrtidae were those by Kiriukhin (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr62">1947</xref>), who reported some Encyrtid parasitoids of scale insects. Several species were subsequently recorded by Farahbakhsh (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr39">1961</xref>), Chodjai (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr10">1968</xref>), Davatchi and Chodjai (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr14">1969</xref>), OILB (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr91">1971</xref>), Herting (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr47">1971</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr48">1972</xref>), Chodjai (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr11">1976</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">1989</xref>) and Radjabi (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr95">1986</xref>) Papers by Asadeh and Mossadegh (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr03">1991</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr04">1993</xref>), Ebrahimi (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr26">1993</xref>), and Yazdani and Mehrnejad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">1993</xref>) contain some faunistical data on Iranian Encyrtidae. Modares Awal (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">1997</xref>) cited 31 species of encyrtids in his list of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferrière (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr40">1961</xref>), Myartseva and Sugonjaev (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr81">1977</xref>), Myartseva (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr80">1980</xref>), Xu and Lotfalizadeh (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">2000</xref>), Noyes and Fallahzadeh (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr87">2005</xref>) and Manickavasagam, Mehrnejad (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr69">2008</xref>) described new species from Iran. Noyes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr86">2009</xref>) in his database lists 42 species from Iran. In recent years some faunistical studies have been conducted on Iranian Encyrtidae and currently the number of species of this family recorded in Iran has increased to about 84 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr67">Lotfalizadeh and Ebrahimi 2001</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr19">Davoodi et al. 2004 a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr20">b</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr21">c</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr22">d</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr34">Fallahzadeh and Hesami 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr59">Japoshvili and Noyes 2005</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr35">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr36">b</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr37">2007</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr38">2008</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr104">Talebi et al. 2008</xref>). This is a modest result, given that the area of Iran is almost twice that of Turkey and Transcaucasus combined, where 307 species were recorded (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr59">Japoshvili, Nayes 2005</xref>).</p><p>Although many studies have been conducted on the Encyrtidae of Iran, their results were scattered in different publications and have never been summarized. The present list was compiled to provide a reference for future studies on this family in Iran. It includes insect hosts and associated host plants from Iran.</p><p>Ninety three species of Encyrtidae belonging to 32 genera are currently known from Iran. All references about Iranian Encyrtids are summarized and synonyms recorded from Iran are provided, as well as host information and distributional data. Three genera and seven species are first recorded from Iran. Additionally, new hosts are provided for three species. Two new species, <italic>Gyranusoidea iranica</italic> Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh sp. nov. and <italic>Microterys iranicus</italic> Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh sp. nov. are described.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods" id="sec2"><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material was collected from 2005 to 2007 in different parts of Iran, and voucher specimens for new records and new species are deposited in the Insect collection of Entomology and Biocontrol Research centre, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. All available literature sources were summarized for the first time as well. Taxonomic concepts mostly follow Trjapitzin (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">1989</xref>), Gibson et al. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr44">1997</xref>) and Noyes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr86">2009</xref>). Synonyms, worldwide distributions, and host information, from outside Iran are not included as most of these data are provided in the Universal Chalcidoidea Database (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr86">Noyes 2009</xref>). All measurements were done using Hirox digital microscope KH-7700. Description and terminology follows Noyes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr86">2009</xref>).</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>Results and Discussion</title><p>The list of Iranian Encyrtidae now contains 93 species belonging to 32 genera. Three genera not previously recorded from Iran are: <italic>Anicetus</italic> Howard, 1896, <italic>Gyranusoidea </italic>Compere, 1947 and <italic>Paranathrix</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr80">Myartseva, 1980</xref>. Seven species that are marked with an asterisk are newly recorded for the country. Additionally three species that are marked with double asterisks have new host records. Two new species: <italic>Gyranusoidea iranica</italic> and <italic>Microterys iranicus</italic> are described. The complete list of Encyrtid wasps of Iran follows. Iran is a large country incorporating various geographical regions and climates and we expect that many species remain to be discovered. More studies should be conducted on this important insect group in Iran.</p><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Ageniaspis</italic> Dahlbom, 1857<break></break><italic>Ageniaspis fuscicollis</italic> (Dalman, 1820)</title><list-item><p>Synonym in Iranian literature: <italic>Encyrtus fuscicollis</italic> Dalman, 1820 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr95">Radjabi 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr103">Safaralizadeh 1984</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Hyponomeuta malinellus</italic> [<italic>Yponomeuta malinellus</italic> Zeller] (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), <italic>H. padellus </italic>[<italic>Y. padella</italic> (L.)] on fruit tree (Rosaceae), <italic>H. rolellus</italic> [<italic>Y. rorrella</italic> (Hübner)] on <italic>Salix</italic> (Salicaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr33">Esmaili 1983</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr103">Safaralizadeh 1984</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr95">Radjabi 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), <italic>Y. malinellus</italic> on <italic>Malus</italic> sp. (Rosaceae) (Haeselbarth 1983).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Azerbaijan, Hamadan, Kurdestan, Markazi, Zanjan, Tehran, Qazvin provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr33">Esmaili 1983</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr103">Safaralizadeh 1984</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr95">Radjabi 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr106">Trjapitzin 1978</xref>; Haeselbarth 1983; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Ageniaspis testaceipes</italic> (Ratzeburg, 1848)</title><list-item><p>Synonym in Iranian literature: <italic>Ageniaspis (Holcothorax) testaceipes</italic> (Ratzeburg 1848) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr10">Chodjai 1968</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr14">Davatchi and Chodjai 1969</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Lithocolletis platani</italic> [<italic>Phyllonorycter platani</italic> (Staudinger)] (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on <italic>Platanus orientalis</italic> L. (Platanaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr10">Chodjai 1968</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr14">Davatchi and Chodjai 1969</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr10">Chodjai 1968</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr14">Davatchi and Chodjai 1969</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Anagyrus</italic> Howard, 1896<break></break><italic>Anagyrus agraensis</italic> Saraswat, 1975</title><list-item><p>Synonym in Iranian literature: <italic>Anagyrus indicus</italic> Shafee, Alam and Agarwal, 1975 (Awal, 1997).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>Nipaecoccus viridis</italic> (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>Citrus</italic> (Rutaceae) and <italic>Morus alba</italic> L. (Moraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr03">Asadeh and Mossadegh 1991</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr04">1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr88">Noyes and Hayat 1994</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr05">Baniameri and Mossadegh 1998a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr06">1998b</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr84">Novin et al. 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr50">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2005</xref>), <italic>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</italic> (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>M. alba</italic> L. (Moraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr34">Fallahzadeh and Hesami 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr37">Fallahzadeh et al. 2007</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Khuzestan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr03">Asadeh and Mossadegh 1991</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr04">1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr88">Noyes and Hayat 1994</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr05">Baniameri and Mossadegh 1998a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr06">1998b</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr84">Novin et al. 2000</xref>), Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr88">Noyes and Hayat 1994</xref>), Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr34">Fallahzadeh and Hesami 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr50">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2005</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr37">Fallahzadeh et al. 2007</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Anagyrus aligarhensis</italic> Agarwal and<break></break>Alam, 1959</title><list-item><p>Synonym in Iranian literature: <italic>Anagyrus diversicornis</italic> Mercet, 1921 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr03">Asadeh and Mosadegh 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr04">1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr88">Noyes and Hayat 1994</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr84">Novin et al. 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr49">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr50">2005</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Host: <italic>N. viridis</italic> (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>Citrus</italic> (Rutaceae) and <italic>M. alba</italic> L. (Moraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr03">Asadeh and Mossadegh 1991</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr04">1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr88">Noyes and Hayat 1994</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr84">Novin et al. 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr49">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr50">2005</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Khuzestan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr03">Asadeh and Mosadegh 1991</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr04">1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr84">Novin et al. 2000</xref>), Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr88">Noyes and Hayat 1994</xref>), Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr49">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr50">2005</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Anagyrus dactylopii</italic> (Howard, 1898)</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>N. viridis</italic> (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>Citrus</italic> (Rutaceae) and <italic>Morus alba</italic> L. (Moraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr03">Asadeh and Mossadegh 1991</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr04">1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr88">Noyes and Hayat 1994</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr05">Baniameri and Mossadegh 1998a</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr06">1998b</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr84">Novin et al. 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr23">Dezhakam and Soleyman Nejadian 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr50">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2005</xref>), <italic>Planococcus citri</italic> (Rissio) on <italic>Citrus</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr68">Maafi et al. 1998</xref>); <italic>M. hirsutus</italic> (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>M. alba</italic> L. (Moraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr34">Fallahzadeh and Hesami 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr37">Fallahzadeh et al. 2007</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Khuzestan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr03">Asadeh and Mossadegh 1991</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr04">1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr88">Noyes and Hayat 1994</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr79">Mossadegh and Baniameri 1996</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr05">Baniameri and Mossadegh 1998a</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr84">Novin et al. 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr23">Dezhakam and Soleyman Nejadian 2000</xref>), Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr88">Noyes and Hayat 1994</xref>), Mazandaran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr68">Maafi et al. 1998</xref>), Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr34">Fallahzadeh and Hesami 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr50">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2005</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr37">Fallahzadeh et al. 2007</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Anagyrus kamali</italic> Moursi, 1948</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>M. hirsutus</italic> (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>M. alba</italic> L. (Moraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr37">Fallahzadeh et al. 2007</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr37">Fallahzadeh et al. 2007</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Anagyrus matritensis</italic> (Mercet, 1921)</title><list-item><p>Synonym in Iranian literature: <italic>Anagyrus orbitalis</italic> (Ruschka 1923) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr36">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006b</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Peliococcus kimmericus </italic>(Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>Lactuca serriola</italic> L. (Asteraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr36">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006b</xref>).
Iranian record: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr36">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006b</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Anagyrus mirzai</italic> Agarwal and Alam,<break></break>1959</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>N. viridis</italic> (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>Citrus</italic> (Rutaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr83">Novin 2000</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr50">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2005</xref>), <italic>M. hirsutus</italic> (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>M. alba</italic> L. (Moraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr34">Fallahzadeh and Hesami 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr37">Fallahzadeh et al. 2007</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Khuzestan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr83">Novin 2000</xref>), Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr34">Fallahzadeh and Hesami 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr50">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2005</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr37">Fallahzadeh et al. 2007</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Anagyrus pseudococci</italic> (Girault, 1915)</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>P. citri</italic> (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>Ficus carica</italic> L. (Moraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr10">Chodjai 1968</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr11">1976</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">1989</xref>), <italic>P. citi</italic> (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and <italic>Marietta picta</italic> (Andre) on <italic>Vitis vinifera</italic> L. (Vitaceae) (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr91">OILB, 1971</xref>), <italic>Pseudococcus filamentosus</italic> [<italic>Nipaecoccus viridis</italic> (Newstead)] (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) on <italic>Citrus</italic> (Khalaf and Aberoumand 1986), <italic>Planococcus vovae</italic> (Nasonov) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr66">Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr104">Talebi et al. 2008</xref>); <italic>N. viridis</italic> on <italic>Citrus</italic> (Rutaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr49">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr50">2005</xref>) <italic>M. hirsutus</italic> (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>M. alba</italic> L. (Moraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr34">Fallahzadeh and Hesami 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr37">Fallahzadeh et al. 2007</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr10">Chodjai 1968</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr11">1976</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">1989</xref>; Moddarres Awal1994; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr104">Talebi et al. 2008</xref>) Fars province (Khalaf and Aberoumand 1986; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr66">Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr34">Fallahzadeh and Hesami 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr49">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr50">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2005</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr37">Fallahzadeh et al. 2007</xref>); Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr91">OILB 1971</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Anagyrus schoenherri</italic> (Westwood, 1837)</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>Eulecanium coryli</italic> [<italic>Eulecanium tiliae</italic> (Linnaeus)] and <italic>Pulvinaria betulae </italic>[<italic>Pulvinaria vitis</italic> (Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on rosaceous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>); <italic>P. vitis</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr48">Herting 1972</xref>), <italic>Phenacoccus aceris</italic> (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr62">Kiriukhin 1947</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr48">Herting 1972</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr106">Trjapitzin 1978</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">1989</xref>). Iranian records: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr62">Kiriukhin 1947</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr48">Herting 1972</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr106">Trjapitzin 1978</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr88">Noyes and Hayat 1994</xref>), Caspian Sea area, Markazi, Tehran provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr39">Farahbakhsh 1961</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Anicetus</italic> Howard, 1896<break></break>*
<italic>Anicetus italicus</italic> (Masi, 1917)</title><list-item><p>Material examined: 4♀, 2♂, Estahban, Fars province, ex <italic>Ceroplastes rusci</italic> L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>Ficus carica</italic> L. (Moraceae), 28.IX.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Blastothrix</italic> Mayr, 1876<break></break><italic>Blastothrix brittanica</italic> Girault, 1917</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>Diaspidiotus prunorum</italic> (Laing) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and <italic>E. coryli</italic> [<italic>Eulecanium tiliae</italic> (Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on rosaceous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr13">Dastghyb Beheshti et al. 1988</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Isfahan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr13">Dastghyb Beheshti et al. 1988</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Blastothrix sericea</italic> (Dalman, 1820)</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>Sphaerolecanium prunastri</italic> (Boyer de Fonscolombe), <italic>Eulecanium coryli</italic> [<italic>E. tiliae</italic> (Linnaeus)], <italic>E. tiliae</italic> (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on rosaceous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr09">Behdad and Barouti 1978</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr39">Farahbakhsh 1961</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>); <italic>Anapulvinaria pistaciae</italic> (Bodenheimer) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>Pistacia vera</italic> L. (Anacardiaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">Yazdani and Rajabi 1993</xref>), <italic>E. tiliae</italic> on quince tree, apple tree (Rosaceae); <italic>E. coryli</italic> [<italic>E. tiliae</italic>] on cherry tree, apple tree, plum tree, apricot tree (Rosaceae) <italic>S. prunastri</italic> on plum tree (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr20">Davoodi et al. 2004d</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Isfahan, Tehran and Markazi provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr09">Behdad and Barouti 1978</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr39">Farahbakhsh 1961</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>) Kerman provine (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">Yazdani and Rajabi 1993</xref>) Tehran and Gilan provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr20">Davoodi et al. 2004d</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Blastothrix ilicicola</italic> Mercet, 1921</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>E. coryli</italic> [<italic>E. tiliae</italic> (Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on quince tree (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr26">Ebrahimi 1993</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Chaharmahal-Bakhtiyari province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr26">Ebrahimi 1993</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Blastothrix hungarica</italic> Erdös, 1959</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Eulecanium</italic> sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>Ficus carica</italic> L. (Moraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr52">Hesami et al. 2008</xref>)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr52">Hesami et al. 2008</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Blastothrix turanica</italic> Sugonjaev, 1964</title><list-item><p>Host: Unknown from Iran.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Cerapterocerus</italic> Westwood, 1833<break></break><italic>Cerapterocerus mirabilis</italic> Westwood, 1833</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>Aonidiella orientalis</italic> (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on <italic>Citrus</italic> (Rutaceae) (Chodjai 1963; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr14">Davatchi and Chodjai 1969</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), Hyperparasitoid of <italic>S. prunastri</italic> (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr22">Davoodi et al. 2004d</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Kerman province (Chodjai 1963; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr14">Davatchi and Chodjai 1969</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr22">Davoodi et al. 2004d</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Cheiloneurus</italic> Westwood, 1833<break></break><italic>Cheiloneurus ceroplastis</italic> Ishii, 1923</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>Chrysoperla carnea</italic> Stephens and <italic>Suarias fedtchenkoi</italic> (McLachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr66">Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr64">Lotfalizadeh 2000a</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr66">Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr64">Lotfalizadeh 2000a</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Cheiloneurus claviger</italic> Thomson, 1876</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>S. prunastri</italic> (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Cocidae) on prunaceous trees (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr105">Talebi et al. 2009</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Khorasan-e-Razavi province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr105">Talebi et al. 2009</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Material examined: 1♀, Mian-Jangle, Fasa, Fars province, 22°12′N, 53°23′E, 1680m, ex <italic>S. prunastri</italic> (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>Prunus scoparia</italic> (Spach) (Rosaceae), 5.VI.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Cheiloneurus kollari</italic> (Mayer, 1876)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>P. kimmericus</italic> (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>Lactuca serriola</italic> L. (Asteraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr36">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006b</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr36">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006b</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Cheiloneurus paralia</italic> (Walker, 1837)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>P. kimmericus</italic> (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>L. serriola</italic> L. (Asteraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr36">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006b</xref>). Iranian records: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr36">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006b</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Cheiloneurus pistaciae</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr69">Manickavasagam and Mehrnejad, 2008</xref></title><list-item><p>Hosts: A facultative hyperparasitoid of pistachio twig borer moth, <italic>Kermania pistaciella</italic> (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), via <italic>Chelonus kermakiae</italic> (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on <italic>P. vera</italic> L. (Anacardiacea) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr69">Manickavasagam et al. 2008</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Kerman province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr69">Manickavasagam et al. 2008</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Choreia</italic> Westwood, 1833<break></break><italic>Choreia maculata</italic> (Hoffer, 1954)</title><list-item><p>Host: Unknown from Iran.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr106">Trjapitzin 1978</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">1989</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Coccidoxenoides</italic> Girault, 1915<break></break><italic>Coccidoxenoides perminutus</italic> Girault, 1915</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>P. vovae</italic> (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr104">Talebi et al. 2008</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr104">Talebi et al. 2008</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Comperiella</italic> Howard, 1906<break></break><italic>Comperiella bifasciata</italic> Howard, 1906</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>A. orientalis</italic> (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on <italic>Citrus</italic> (Rutaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr33">Esmaili 1983</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Hormozgan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr33">Esmaili 1983</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Comperiella lemniscata</italic> Compere and<break></break>Annecke, 1961</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>A. orientalis</italic> (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on <italic>Citrus</italic> (Rutaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr63">Lachinani and Ahmadi 1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr90">Prinsloo 1996</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr63">Lachinani and Ahmadi 1993</xref>); Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr90">Prinsloo 1996</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Copidosoma</italic> Ratzeburg, 1844<break></break><italic>Copidosoma pistacinellae</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr53">Hoffer, 1970</xref></title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Recurvaria pistacinella</italic> Danilevsky (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on <italic>P. vera</italic> L. (Anacardiaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr53">Hoffer 1970</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr53">Hoffer 1970</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Copidosoma varicorne</italic> (Nees, 1834)</title><list-item><p>Synonyms in Iranian literature: <italic>Encyrtus varicornis</italic> Nees, 1834, <italic>Paralitomastix varicornis</italic> (Nees 1834) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr10">Chodjai 1968</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr100">Sabzevari 1968</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr33">Esmaili 1983</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr95">Radjabi 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Anarsia lineatella</italic> (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Roseous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr10">Chodjai 1968</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr100">Sabzevari 1968</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr33">Esmaili 1983</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr95">Radjabi 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr91">OILB 1971</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Azerbaijan, Markazi, Tehran provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr10">Chodjai 1968</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr100">Sabzevari 1968</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr33">Esmaili 1983</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr95">Radjabi 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr91">OILB 1971</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr43">Guerrieri and Noyes 2005</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Discodes</italic> Förster, 1856<break></break><italic>Discodes coccophagus</italic> (Ratzeburg, 1848)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>S. prunastri</italic> (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Cocidae) on prunaceous trees (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr105">Talebi et al. 2009</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Khorasan-e-Razavi province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr105">Talebi et al. 2009</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Material examined: 6♀, 2♂, Mian-Jangle, Fasa, Fars province, 22°12′N, 53°23′E, 1680m, ex <italic>S. prunastri</italic> (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>Prunus scoparia</italic> (Spach) (Rosaceae), 5.VI.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Dusmetia</italic> Mercet, 1921<break></break><italic>Dusmetia fuscipennis</italic> (Noyes and Hayat, 1984)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>P. vovae</italic> (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr66">Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi 2000</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr66">Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi 2000</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Encyrtus</italic> Latreille, 1809<break></break><italic>Encyrtus aurantii</italic> (Geoffroy, 1785)</title><list-item><p>Synonym in Iranian literature: <italic>Encyrtus lecaniorum</italic> (Mayr, 1876) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr39">Farahbakhsh 1961</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr32">Esfandiari et al. 2005</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>E. coryli</italic> [<italic>E. tiliae</italic> (Linnaeus)] (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr39">Farahbakhsh 1961</xref>), <italic>E. tiliae</italic> (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on elm tree (Ulmaceae), <italic>E. coryli</italic> [<italic>E. tiliae</italic>] on apple tree (Rosaceae), <italic>Coccus hesperidum</italic> Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>Robinia</italic> (Papilionaceae); <italic>Morus</italic> (Moraceae), <italic>Convolvulus arvensis</italic> L. (Convolvulaceae), <italic>S. prunastri</italic> (Boyer de Fonscolombe) on prune tree (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr18">Davoodi et al. 2003c</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr22">Davoodi et al. 2004d</xref>), <italic>S. prunastri</italic> (Boyer de Fonscolombe) on <italic>Amygdalus</italic> (Rosaceae) <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr32">Esfandiari et al. 2005</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Gilan, Mazandaran provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr39">Farahbakhsh 1961</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), Gilan and Tehran provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr18">Davoodi et al. 2003c</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr22">2004d</xref>), Chaharmahal-Bakhtiyari province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr32">Esfandiari et al. 2005</xref>), Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr108">Trjapitzin, Myartseva 2004</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Encyrtus infidus</italic> (Rossi, 1790)</title><list-item><p>Synonym in Iranian literature: <italic>Encyrtus scutellatus</italic> (Swederus, 1795) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr31">Esfandiari 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr32">Esfandiari et al. 2005</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Host: <italic>S. prunastri</italic> (Boyer de Fonscolombe) on <italic>Amygdalus</italic> (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr31">Esfandiari 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr32">Esfandiari et al. 2005</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Chaharmahal-Bakhtiyari province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr31">Esfandiari 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr32">Esfandiari et al. 2005</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Encyrtus trjapitzini</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr81">Myartseva and Sugonjaev, 1977</xref></title><list-item><p>Host: Unknown from Iran.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr81">Myartseva and Sugonjaev 1977</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Epitetracnemus</italic> Girault, 1915<break></break><italic>Epitetracnemus intersectus</italic> (Fonscolombe, 1832)</title><list-item><p>Synonym in Iranian literature: <italic>Anabrolepis zetterstedtii</italic> (Westwood, 1837) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">Yazdani and Rajabi 1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Hosts: Soft scale (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on prune tree, Soft scale on <italic>P. vera</italic> L. (Anacardiaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">Yazdani and Rajabi 1993</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>) Kerman province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">Yazdani and Rajabi 1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Eupoecilopoda</italic> Novicky and<break></break>Hoffer, 1953<break></break><italic>Eupoecilopoda perpunctata</italic> (Masi, 1942)</title><list-item><p>Host: Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) on <italic>P. vera</italic> L. (Anacardiaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">Yazdani and Mehrnejad, 1993</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Kerman province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">Yazdani and Mehrnejad 1993</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Gyranusoidea</italic> Compere, 1947<break></break>*<italic>Gyranusoidea indica</italic> Shafee, Alam and Agarwal, 1975</title><list-item><p>Material examined: 3♀, 1♂, Jahrom, Fars province, ex <italic>M. hirsutus</italic> (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>M. alba</italic> L. (Moraceae), 22.VII.2005, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><bold><italic>Gyranusoidea iranica</italic> Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh sp. nov</bold>. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figures 1, 2, 3, 4</xref>)</title><list-item><p>Female: Length (0.9–1.1 mm).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Female holotype: Length 1.013 mm. Head, thorax, abdomen and legs all yellow, except mesoscutum and scutellum with hardly noticeable narrow perpendicular brown band. Head more or less regularly reticulate on frontovertex. Scape little more than 4.7x as long as wide, in the middle with brown band which is 4.43x as wide as scape length. Ocelli forming obtuse angle. Pedicel 2.35x, F<sub>1</sub>- 1.75x, F<sub>2</sub> - 1.65x, F<sub>3</sub> - 1.67x, F<sub>4</sub> - 1.67x, F<sub>5</sub> - 1.64x , F<sub>6</sub> - 1.63x, Clava - 4.8x as long as wide, respectively. Eye 1.76x as long as malar space. Relative measurements (holotype): HW 341.5; HH 295.8; FV 152.5; POL 51.5; OOL 23; OCL 15.3; AOL 45.8; OD 32.6 EL 187.5; EW 105; MS 122.4.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Mesoscutum and scutellum somewhat irregularly, not polygonally reticulate. Mesoscutum almost 2x as wide as long. Scutellum 1.37 as wide as long. Thorax 0.6x as long as gaster. Postmarginal: marginal:stigmal veins as 1.5:6:8.2.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Female paratype (slide-mounted). Relative measurement: SL 28.5; SW 6; FWL 139.3; FWW 55.4; MF 2.5; OL 44; GL 10.7.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Male: Color as in female, only antennae and genitalia different.
Material examined: Holotype: ♀, Iran, Fars province, Beyza, ex <italic>Chorizococcus</italic> sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape, September 2005, M. Fallahzadeh. Paratypes: 11♀, 2♂ same data as holotype. Holotype and paratypes in EBRC.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Comments: <italic>G. iranica</italic> is similar to <italic>flava</italic> but they can be separated using the characters given in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Table 1</xref>.</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Habrolepis</italic> Förster, 1856<break></break><italic>Habrolepis dalmanni</italic> (Westwood, 1837)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Melanaspis inopinata</italic> (Leonardi) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on <italic>P. vera</italic> L. (Anacardiaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Kerman province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">Yazdani and Rajabi 1993</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Habrolepis pascuorum</italic> Mercet, 1921</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Parlatoria oleae</italic> (Colvée) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Rosaceous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Tehran, Markazi provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Habrolepis tergrigorianae</italic> Trjapitzin, 1962</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>D. prunorum</italic> (Laing) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and <italic>E. coryli</italic> [<italic>E. tiliae</italic> (Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Rosaceous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr13">Dastghyb Beheshti et al. 1988</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr41">Fry 1989</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Isfahan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr13">Dastghyb Beheshti et al. 1988</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr41">Fry 1989</xref>).</p></list-item></list><fig id="f01" fig-type="figure" position="float"><label>Figure 1–4. </label><caption><p><italic>Gyranusoidea iranica</italic> Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh sp. nov female 1. Head; 2. Thorax; 3. Antenna; 4. Forewing. High quality figures are available online.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="f01_01"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Homalotylus</italic> Mayr, 1876<break></break><italic>Homalotylus albiclavatus</italic> (Agarwal, 1970)</title><list-item><p>Host: Lady beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on <italic>Citrus</italic> (Rutaceae) and <italic>Morus</italic> (Moraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr83">Novin 2000</xref>) associated with <italic>N. viridis</italic> (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Khuzestan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr83">Novin 2000</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Homalotylus ephippium</italic> (Ruschka, 1923)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Exochomus quadripustulatus</italic> (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) cypress tree (Cupressaceae) associated with <italic>P. vovae</italic> (Nasonov) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr66">Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi 2000</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr66">Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi 2000</xref>)</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Homalotylus eytelweinii</italic> (Ratzeburg, 1844)</title><list-item><p>Host: Lady beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Karaj, Khuzestan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr59">Japoshvili and Noyes 2005</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Homalotylus flaminius</italic> (Dalman, 1820)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Nephus bipunctatus</italic> (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on <italic>Lactuca serriola</italic> L. (Asteraceae) associated with <italic>P. kimmericus</italic> (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr35">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006a</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr35">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006a</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Homalotylus nigricornis</italic> Mercet, 1921</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Scymnus</italic> sp. (Coloptera: Coccinellidae) associated with <italic>Aphis gossypii</italic> (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr67">Lotfalizadeh and Ebrahimi 2001</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Ardabil province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr67">Lotfalizadeh and Ebrahimi 2001</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Homalotylus quaylei</italic> Timberlake, 1919</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>Nephus includens</italic> Kirsch (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) associated with <italic>N. viridis</italic> (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr03">Asadeh and Mossadegh 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr83">Novin 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr84">Novin et al. 2000</xref>), <italic>Scymnus subvillosus</italic> (Goeze) on <italic>Citrus</italic> associated with <italic>P. citri</italic> (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr68">Maafi et al. 1998</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr91">OILB 1971</xref>), Khuzestan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr03">Asadeh and Mossadegh 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr84">Novin et al. 2000</xref>), Mazandaran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr68">Maafi et al. 1998</xref>).</p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="t01" position="float"><label>Table: 1. </label><caption><p>Characters used to separate <italic>Gyranusoidea flava</italic> and <italic>G. iranica</italic>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="t01_01"></graphic></table-wrap><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Homalotylus sinensis</italic> Xu and He, 1997</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>N. bipunctatus</italic> (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on <italic>L. serriola</italic> L. (Asteraceae) associated with <italic>P. kimmericus</italic> (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr35">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006a</xref>), <italic>Exochomus nigromaculatus</italic> (Goeze) and <italic>E. quadripustulatus</italic> (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) associated with <italic>P. vovae</italic> (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr02">Ameri et al. 2007</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr104">Talebi et al. 2008</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr35">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006a</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr02">Ameri et al. 2007</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr104">Talebi et al. 2008</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Homalotylus turkmenicus</italic> Myartseva, 1981</title><list-item><p>Host: Unknown from Iran.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Material examined: 1♀, 2♂, Jahrom, Fars province, 28°31′N, 53°34′E, 1280m, ex **<italic>E. quadripustulatus</italic> (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on grape, 2. V. 2007, M. Fallahzadeh.</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>*<italic>Homalotylus vicinus</italic> Silvestri, 1915</title><list-item><p>Material examined: 1♀, 2♂, Jahrom, Fars province, 28°31′N, 53°34′E, 1280m, ex **<italic>N. bipunctatus</italic> Kugelann (Coloeptera: Coccinellidae) on grape, 5.VI.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Isodromus</italic> Howard, 1887<break></break><italic>Isodromus atriventris</italic> Ashmead, 1900</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>C. carnea</italic> Stephens and <italic>S. fedtchenkoi</italic> (McLachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopiodae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) associated with <italic>P. vovae</italic> (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr66">Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr64">Lotfalizadeh, 2000a</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr66">Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr64">Lotfalizadeh 2000a</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Isodromus collimaculatus</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh, 2000</xref></title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>C. carnea</italic> Stephens and <italic>S. fedtchenkoi</italic> (McLachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) associated with <italic>P. vovae</italic> (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr66">Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr64">Lotfalizadeh 2000a</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr64">Lotfalizadeh 2000a</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Leptomastidea</italic> Mercet, 1916<break></break>*<italic>Leptomastidea abnormis</italic> (Girault, 1915)</title><list-item><p>Material examined: 2♂, 2♀, Meymand, Fars province, ex <italic>Planococcus ficus</italic> (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape, 26. VI. 2005, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Leptomastidea alleni</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr88">Noyes and Hayat, 1994</xref></title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>N. viridis</italic> (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic> (L.), <italic>C. aurantium</italic> (L.) (Rutaceae) and <italic>Althaea</italic> sp. (Malvaceae), <italic>P. vovae</italic> (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>Cupressus</italic> sp. (Cupressaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr38">Fallahzadeh et al., 2008</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr38">Fallahzadeh et al. 2008</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Leptomastix</italic> Förster, 1856<break></break><italic>Leptomastix flava</italic> Mercet, 1921</title><list-item><p>Synonym in Iranian literature: <italic>Leptomastix flavus</italic> Mercet, 1921 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr62">Kiriukhin 1947</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>P. aceris</italic> (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr62">Kiriukhin 1947</xref>) <italic>P. aceris </italic>(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Roseous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>), <italic>Eulecanium rugulosum</italic> (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>P. vera</italic> L. (Anacardiceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">Yazdani and Rajabi, 1993</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr62">Kiriukhin 1947</xref>), Isfahan, Tehran provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), Kerman province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">Yazdani and Rajabi 1993</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Material examined: 1♀, 1♂, Jahrom, Fars province, 28°31′N, 53°34′E, 1280m, ex <italic>P. ficus</italic> (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudociccidae) on grape, 15.V.2007, M. Fallahzadeh.</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>*<italic>Leptomastix dactylopii</italic> Howard, 1885</title><list-item><p>Material examined: 2♀, 1♂, Jahrom, Fars province, 28°31′N, 53°34′E, 1280m, ex <italic>P. ficus</italic> (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape, 13.VI.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Leptomastix histrio</italic> Mayr, 1876</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>P. kimmericus</italic> (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>L. serriola</italic> L. (Asteraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr36">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006b</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr36">Fallahzadeh et al. 2006b</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Metaphycus</italic> Mercet, 1917<break></break><italic>Metaphycus angustifrons</italic> Compere, 1957</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>C. hesperidum</italic> Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>Robinia</italic> (Papilionaceae), <italic>Morus</italic> (Moraceae), <italic>Ailanthus</italic> (Simaroubaceae), <italic>Diospyros</italic> (Ebenaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr16">Davoodi et al. 2003a</xref>,c; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr22">2004d</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr16">Davoodi et al. 2003a</xref>, c; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr22">2004d</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Metaphycus anneckei</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr42">Guerrieri and Noyes, 2000</xref></title><list-item><p>Host: Unknown from Iran.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr42">Guerrieri and Noyes 2000</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Metaphycus claviger</italic> (Timberlake, 1916)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>C. hesperidum</italic> Linneaus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>Citrus</italic> (Rutaceae) and apple tree (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr19">Davoodi et al. 2004a</xref>, b).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr19">Davoodi et al. 2004a</xref>, b).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Metaphycus flavus</italic> (Howard, 1881)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>C. hesperidum</italic> Linneaus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr48">Herting 1972</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr48">Herting, 1972</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr42">Guerrieri and Noyes 2000</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Metaphycus helvolus</italic> (Compere, 1926)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Saissetia oleae</italic> (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr33">Esmaili 1983</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Caspian sea area (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr33">Esmaili 1983</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr89">Prinsloo 1984</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr88">Noyes and Hayat 1994</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Metaphycus hodzhevanishvilii</italic> Yasnosh, 1972</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Stotzia ephedrae</italic> (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>Ephedra procera</italic> Fisch. Et Mey (Ephedraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr51">Hesami et al. 2007</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr51">Hesami et al. 2007</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Metaphycus lounsburyi</italic> (Howard, 1898)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>S. oleae</italic> (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr33">Esmaili 1983</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Caspian sea area (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr33">Esmaili 1983</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr88">Noyes and Hayat 1994</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Metaphycus pulvinariae</italic> (Howard, 1881)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Didesmococcus unifasciatus</italic> (Archangelskeya) on <italic>Amygdalus</italic> (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr19">Davoodi et al. 2004a</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: East Azerbaijan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr19">Davoodi et al. 2004a</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Metaphycus punctipes</italic> (Dalman, 1820)</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>E. coryli</italic> [<italic>E. tiliae</italic> (Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on quince tree (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr26">Ebrahimi 1993</xref>), <italic>S. prunastri</italic> (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>Amygdalus</italic> (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr32">Esfandiari et al. 2005</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr91">OILB 1971</xref>), Chaharmahal-Bakhtiyari province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr26">Ebrahimi 1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr32">Esfandiari et al. 2005</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Metaphycus stanleyi</italic> Compere, 1940</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>S. oleae</italic> (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr33">Esmaili 1983</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Caspian sea area (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr33">Esmaili 1983</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Metaphycus zebratus</italic> (Mercet, 1917)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Parthenolecanium</italic> sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr91">OILB 1971</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Microterys</italic> Thomson, 1876<break></break><italic>Microterys hortulanus</italic> Erdös, 1956</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>S. prunastri</italic> (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on plum tree (Rosaceae), <italic>D. unifasciatus</italic> (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>Amygdalus</italic> (Rosaceae), <italic>E. coryli</italic> [<italic>E. tiliae</italic> (Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on plum tree (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr15">Davoodi et al. 2002</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr22">2004d</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: East Azerbaijan and Tehran provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr15">Davoodi et al. 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr22">2004d</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><bold><italic>Microterys iranicus</italic> Japoshvili and</bold><break></break><bold>Fallahzadeh sp. nov</bold>. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05">Figures 5, 6,7, 8, 9</xref>)</title><list-item><p>Female holotype. Length 2.3 mm. Head yellow, except brown band across vertex back margin behind posterior ocelli. Eyes violet. Scape, pedicel, and flagellar segments 1–3 yellow, F<sub>4–6</sub> white, clava brown. Pronotum, mesopleuron, and axilla yellow, only area where axillae join brown. Mesoscutum with green-silver and scutellum with violet-silver, almost black, metallic reflection. Propodeum, metanotum, and abdomen brown, with some violetsilver metallic reflections. Legs yellow, hind coxa brown.</p><p>Head about 1.4x as wide as high and about 3.67x as wide as FV; FV in dorsal view almost 2x as long as wide. OOL almost 2.3x shorter then OCL and POD. Ocelli forming equilateral triangle. Scape about 3x as long as wide. Pedicel 1.8x as long as wide; F<sub>1</sub> 0.57x as long as pedicel and 1.2x as long as wide. F<sub>2</sub> 1.24x as long as F<sub>1</sub>. F<sub>2</sub> - 1.44x, F<sub>3</sub> - 1.15x, F<sub>4</sub> -1.07x, F<sub>5</sub> - 1, F<sub>6</sub> - 0.9x as long as wide respectively. The longest segment is F<sub>2</sub> and shortest F<sub>1</sub>. Toruli separated from each other by 1.56x and from clypeal margin 1.17x their maximum diameter. Upper margin of toruli in same line as lowest eye margin. Relative measurement (holotype): HW 399.8; FV 107.5; OD 24; POL 8.1; OOL 52.5; OCL 26.4; AOL 45; MS 136.4; EL 213.7; 135.7. Mesoscutum and scutellum flat, of equal length, scutellum as long as wide, mesoscutum 1.35x as wide as long. Fore wing 2.3x as long as wide. Submarginal vein with 17 setae. Submarginal, marginal, postmarginal and stigmal veins as 9.6:1.34:1:1.4. Band on the forewing not clear, wings infuscate on basal 0.64x, hyaline apical part 0.36x as long as wing. Midtibial spur 0.84x as long as basitarsus. Female paratype (slide-mounted). Relative measurements: SL 42; SW 15.3; FWL 295.5; FWW 132.6; OL 80.5; GL 17.8; OPL 60.5; OPW 17.2.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Male: Head, mesoscutum, scutellum black with green-golden metallic reflection. Antenna yellow, pedicel brown dorsally. Tegula and mesopleuron yellow. Pedicel more then 3 times shorter that of F1. Abdomen, metanotum and propodeum brown with green-violet metallic reflection. Material examined: Holotype: ♀, Iran, Fars province, Mian-Jangle, Fasa, 22°12'N, 53°23'E, 1680m, ex <italic>Sphaerolecanium prunastri</italic> (Hemiptera: Coccidae), on <italic>Prunus scoparia</italic>, 2.VII.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Paratypes: 2♀, 1♂ same data as holotype. Holotype and paratypes in EBRC.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Comments: <italic>Microterys iranicus</italic> is most to close to <italic>M. darevskii</italic> Trjapitzin, 1968 but they can be separated using the characters given in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Table 2</xref>.</p></list-item></list><fig id="f05" fig-type="figure" position="float"><label>Figure 5–9. </label><caption><p><italic>Microterys iranica</italic> Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh sp. nov. female 5. Antenna; 6. Forewing; 7. Ovipositor; 8. Body view from dorsal side; 9. Body view from side view. High quality figures are available online.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="f05_01"></graphic></fig><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Microterys lunatus</italic> (Dalman, 1820)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>E. coryli</italic> [<italic>Eulecanium tiliae </italic>(Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>Malus</italic> (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr10">Chodjai 1968</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr10">Chodjai 1968</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr26">Ebrahimi 1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr91">OILB 1971</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Microterys masii</italic> Silvestri, 1919</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Parthenolecanium</italic> sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr91">OILB 1971</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr91">OILB 1971</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Microterys nietneri</italic> (Motschulsky, 1859)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>C. hesperidum</italic> L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr39">Farahbakhsh 1961</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr22">Davoodi et al. 2004d</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Mazandaran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr39">Farahbakhsh 1961</xref>), Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr22">Davoodi et al. 2004d</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Microterys nuticaudatus</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu, 2000</xref></title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Parthenolecanium corni</italic> (Bouche) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on <italic>Morus</italic> (Moraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr17">Davoodi et al. 2003b</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr19">2004a</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: East Azerbaijan and Tehran provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr17">Davoodi et al. 2003b</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr19">2004a</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Ooencyrtus</italic> Ashmead, 1900<break></break><italic>Ooencyrtus cinctus</italic> Prinsloo, 1987</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Bucculatrix ulmella</italic> Zeller (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) on elm tree (Ulmaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr07">Baniameri and Mohammadi- Pour 2007</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr07">Baniameri and Mohammadi-Pour 2007</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Ooencyrtus kuvanae</italic> (Howard, 1910)</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>C. carnea</italic> Stephens and <italic>S. fedtchenkoi</italic> (McLachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopiodae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>;
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr66">Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr64">Lotfalizadeh 2000a</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr66">Lotfalizadeh and Ahmadi 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr64">Lotfalizadeh 2000a</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Ooencyrtus masii</italic> (Mercet, 1921)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Ocneria terebinthina</italic> Stgr. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) on wild pistachio trees (Anacardiaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr101">Sabahi et al. 1998</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr102">1999</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr92">Omid et al. 2005</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Fars province as <italic>Ooencyrtus</italic> cf <italic>masii</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr101">Sabahi et al. 1998</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr102">1999</xref>), Khojir protected area (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr92">Omid et al. 2005</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Ooencyrtus nigerrimus</italic> Ferrière and Voegelé, 1961</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Eurygaster integriceps</italic> Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr97">Radjabi and Amir- Nazari 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal, 1997</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Tehran, Hamadan, Lorestan, Markazi provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr97">Radjabi and Amir- Nazari 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Ooencyrtus telenomicida</italic> (Vassiliev, 1904)</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>Aelia</italic> sp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomodae), <italic>Eurygaster</italic> sp. (Scutelleridae) on <italic>Triticum aestivum</italic> L. (Gramineae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr10">Chodjai 1968</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr14">Davatchi and Chodjai 1969</xref>), <italic>E. integriceps </italic>Puton, <italic>Aelia</italic> sp., <italic>Dolycoris bacarum</italic> (L.), <italic>Carpocoris fuscipinus</italic> (Boheman) and <italic>Macrocerus marginatus</italic> (Hemeiptera: Pentatomidae) on cereal fields (Gramineae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr97">Radjabi and Amir-Nazari 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), <italic>E. integriceps</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr54">Iranipour et al. 1998</xref>), <italic>Acrosternum</italic> spp. and <italic>Brachynema</italic> spp. on <italic>P. vera</italic> L. (Anacardiaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr46">Hashemi Rad et al. 2002</xref>), <italic>E. integriceps</italic> on cereal fields (Gramineae).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Tehran, Hamadan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, Markazi provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr10">Chodjai 1968</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr14">Davatchi and Chodjai 1969</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr97">Radjabi and Amir-Nazari 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>); East Azerbaijan (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr54">Iranipour et al. 1998</xref>), Kerman province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr46">Hashemi Rad et al. 2002</xref>), Qazvin province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr82">Noori et al. 2003</xref>), Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr47">Herting 1971</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>; Zhang and Huang 2005).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Paranathrix</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr80">Myartseva, 1980</xref><break></break>*<italic>Paranathrix tachikawai</italic> (Shafee, Alam and Agarwal, 1975)</title><list-item><p>Material examined: 6♀, 1♂, Minab, Hormozgan province, ex **<italic>Ferrisia virgata </italic>(Ceckerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>Althea</italic> 9.X.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.</p></list-item></list><table-wrap id="t02" position="float"><label>Table 2. </label><caption><p>Characters used to separate <italic>Microterys darevskii</italic> and <italic>M. iranicus</italic>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="t02_01"></graphic></table-wrap><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Paraphaenodiscus</italic> Girault, 1915<break></break><italic>Paraphaenodiscus sugonjaevi</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr80">Myartseva, 1980</xref></title><list-item><p>Host: Unknown from Iran.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr80">Myartseva 1980</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Prionomitus</italic> Mayr, 1876<break></break><italic>Prionomitus mitratus</italic> (Dalman, 1820)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>A. pistaciae</italic> (Burckhardt and Lauterer) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on <italic>P. vera </italic>L. (Anacardiaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr24">Dezianian and Sahragard 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr25">2004</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Semnan province as <italic>Prionomitus</italic> near <italic>mitratus</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr24">Dezianian and Sahragard 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr25">2004</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Prochiloneurus</italic> Silvestri, 1915<break></break><italic>Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus</italic> (Mercet, 1929)</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>H. quaylei</italic> Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr91">OILB 1971</xref>), Parasitoid of <italic>Anagyrus</italic> spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr49">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2004</xref>), Hyperparasitoid of <italic>M. hirsutus</italic> (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <italic>M. alba</italic> L. (Moraceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr37">Fallahzadeh et al. 2007</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr91">OILB 1971</xref>), Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr49">Hesami and Fallahzadeh 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr37">Fallahzadeh et al. 2007</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>*<italic>Prochiloneurus bolivari</italic> Mercet, 1919</title><list-item><p>Material examined: 2♀, Jahrom, Fars province, 28°31′N, 53°34′E, 1280m, ex <italic>P. ficus</italic> (Signoret, 1875) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape, 19.VII.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Prochiloneurus indicus</italic> Shafee, Alam and Agarwal, 1975</title><list-item><p>Host: Hyperparasitoid <italic>N. viridis</italic> (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr03">Asadeh and Mossadegh 1991</xref>) on <italic>Citrus</italic> (Rutaceae) and <italic>M. alba</italic> L. (Moraceae).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Khuzestan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr03">Asadeh and Mossadegh 1991</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Prochiloneurus pulchellus</italic> Silvestri, 1915</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Pseudococcus</italic> on <italic>Tamarix </italic>(Tamaricaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr59">Japoshvili and Noyes 2005</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Khuzestan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr59">Japoshvili and Noyes 2005</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Psyllaephagus</italic> Ashmead, 1900<break></break><italic>Psyllaephagus claripes</italic> Trjapitzin, 1967</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Psyllopsis repens</italic> Loginova (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on <italic>Fraxinus</italic> (Oleaceae) (Rajabi Mazhar et al. 2004; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr98">Rajabi Mazhar and Sadeghi 2006</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Hamadan province (Rajabi Mazhar et al. 2004; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr98">Rajabi Mazhar and Sadeghi 2006</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Psyllaephagus pistaciae</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr40">Ferrière, 1961</xref></title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Agonoscena pistaciae</italic> (Burckhardt & Lauterer) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on <italic>P. vera</italic> L. (Anacardiaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr40">Ferrière 1961</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr27">Ebrahimi et al. 1998</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr28">Emami and Mehrnejad 2002</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr29">2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr30">2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr71">Mehrnejad 2002a</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr72">b</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr73">c</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr74">2008</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr75">Mehrnejad and Copland 2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr76">2007</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr40">Ferrière 1961</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr48">Herting 1972</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr107">Trjapitzin 1989</xref>), Kerman province (Mehrnejad et al. 1995; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr27">Ebrahimi et al. 1998</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr28">Emami and Mehrnejad 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr29">Emami and Mehrnejad 2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr30">2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr71">Mehrnejad 2002a</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr72">b</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr73">c</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr74">2008</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr75">Mehrnejad and Copland 2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr76">2007</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Psyllaephagus stenopsyllae</italic> (Tachikawa, 1963)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Diaphorina citri</italic> Kuwayama (Hemiptra: Psyllidae) on <italic>Citrus</italic> (Rutaceae).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Hormozghan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr01">Ameri et al. 2006</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Psyllaephagus zdeneki</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr87">Noyes and Fallahzadeh, 2005</xref></title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Euphyllura pakistanica</italic> Loginova, 1973 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on <italic>Oleae europea</italic> L. (Oleaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr87">Noyes and Fallahzadeh 2005</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Fars province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr87">Noyes and Fallahzadeh 2005</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Syrphophagus</italic> Ashmead, 1900<break></break><italic>Syrphophagus aeruginosus</italic> (Dalman, 1820)</title><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>Sphaerophoria</italic> spp., <italic>Eopodes corollae</italic> (Fab.) and <italic>Episyrphus balteatus</italic> (DeGeer) (Diptera: Syrphidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr65">Lotfalizadeh 2000b</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: East Azerbaijan Province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr109">Xu and Lotfalizadeh 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr65">Lotfalizadeh 2000b</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title><italic>Syrphophagus aphidivorus</italic> (Mayr, 1876)</title><list-item><p>Hosts: Hyperparasitoid of <italic>Agonoscena pistaciae</italic> (Burckhardt and Lauterer) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on <italic>P. vera</italic> L. (Anacardiaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">Yazdani and Mehrnejad 1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr27">Ebrahimi et al. 1998</xref>; Mehrnejad 2000b; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr28">Emami and Mehjrnejad 2002</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr29">2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr30">2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr77">Mehrnejad and Emami 2005</xref>), Hyperparasitoid of <italic>Aphis craccivora</italic> Koch., <italic>A. gossypii</italic> (Glover), (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on <italic>Alhagi camlorum</italic> Fisch. and <italic>Glycyrrhiza glabra</italic> L. (Papilionaceae) in pistachio orchards (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr29">Emami and Mehjrnejad 2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr30">2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr77">Mehrnejad and Emami 2005</xref>), Hyperparasitoid of <italic>Chromaphis juglandicola</italic> (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr93">Rakhshani et al. 2004</xref>) Hyperparasitoid of <italic>Pauesia antennata</italic> (Mukerji) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr94">Rakhshani et al. 2005</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Kerman province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr111">Yazdani and Mehrnejad 1993</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr27">Ebrahimi et al. 1998</xref>; Mehrnejad 2000b; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr28">Emami and Mehjrnejad 2002</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr29">2004</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr30">2006</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr77">Mehrnejad and Emami 2005</xref>); Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr93">Rakhshani et al. 2004</xref>); Sistan ans Baluchastan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr94">Rakhshani et al. 2005</xref>); Iran (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr58">Japoshvili, Abrantes 2006</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Trechnites</italic> Thomson, 1876<break></break><italic>Trechnites insidiosus</italic> (Crawford, 1910)</title><list-item><p>Host: <italic>Psylla pyricola</italic> [<italic>Cacopsylla pyricola </italic>(Foerster)] (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian record: Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr08">Behdad 1991</xref>).</p></list-item></list><list list-type="simple" list-content="synonymy"><title>Genus <italic>Zaomma</italic> Ashmead, 1900<break></break><italic>Zaomma lambinus</italic> (Walker, 1838)</title><list-item><p>Synonyms in ranian literatures: <italic>Apterencyrtus microphagus</italic> (Mayr 1876), <italic>Chiloneurus microphagus</italic> Mayr, 1876, <italic>Chiloneurinus microphagus</italic> (Mayr 1876) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Hosts: <italic>Lepidosaphes malicola</italic> Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Roseous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), <italic>Tecaspis asiatica</italic> [<italic>Chlidaspis asiatica</italic> (Archangelskaya)] (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Roseous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>); <italic>Lepidosaphes pistaciae</italic> Archangelskaya (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on <italic>P. vera</italic> L. (Anacardiaceae) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr70">Mansouri 2005</xref>).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Iranian records: Tehran province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr12">Chodjai 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), Chahar Mahalo/ Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Markazi, Tehran, Semnan provinces (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr96">Radjabi 1989</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr78">Moddarres Awal 1997</xref>), Esfahan province (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bibr70">Mansouri 2005</xref>).</p></list-item></list></sec></body><back><ack><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>The authors would like to thank Dr. Wojciech J. Pulawski (Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California) for comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Iran and Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.</p></ack><glossary><title>Abbreviations
</title><def-list><def-item><term>AOL</term><def><p>distance between posterior and anterior ocelli;</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>EL</term><def><p>maximum eye length;</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>FV</term><def><p>minimum frontovertex width;</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>F1, F2, etc.</term><def><p>first funicle segment, second funicle segment, etc.;</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>GL</term><def><p>maximum length of gonostylus (= third valvula);</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>HW</term><def><p>maximum head width;</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>MS</term><def><p>malar space (shortest distance from eye to mouth margin);</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>OCL</term><def><p>occipital ocellar line (distance of posterior ocellus from occipital margin);</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>OD</term><def><p>greatest diameter of an ocellus;</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>OL</term><def><p>ovipositor length;</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>OOL</term><def><p>ocular-ocellar line (shortest distance between posterior ocellus and adjacent eye margin);</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>OPL</term><def><p>length of outer plate of ovipositor;</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>OPW</term><def><p>maximum width of outer plate of ovipositor;</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>POL</term><def><p>posterior ocellar line (= the shortest distance between the posterior ocelli);</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>SL</term><def><p>scape length;</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>SW</term><def><p>scape width;</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>Acronym for depository, EBRC</term><def><p>Insect collection of Entomology and Biocontrol Research Centre, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia</p></def></def-item></def-list></glossary><ref-list content-type="parsed"><title>References</title><ref id="bibr01"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group 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