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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">“This is the Medicine:” A Kenyan community responds to a sexual concurrency reduction intervention</title>
<author><name sortKey="Knopf, Amelia" sort="Knopf, Amelia" uniqKey="Knopf A" first="Amelia" last="Knopf">Amelia Knopf</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Indiana University, School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agot, Kawango" sort="Agot, Kawango" uniqKey="Agot K" first="Kawango" last="Agot">Kawango Agot</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organisation, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sidle, John" sort="Sidle, John" uniqKey="Sidle J" first="John" last="Sidle">John Sidle</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Naanyu, Violet" sort="Naanyu, Violet" uniqKey="Naanyu V" first="Violet" last="Naanyu">Violet Naanyu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Moi University, School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, Martina" sort="Morris, Martina" uniqKey="Morris M" first="Martina" last="Morris">Martina Morris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">University of Washington, Departments of Statistics and Sociology, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24650739</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3999233</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3999233</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3999233</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.039</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001C66</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">“This is the Medicine:” A Kenyan community responds to a sexual concurrency reduction intervention</title>
<author><name sortKey="Knopf, Amelia" sort="Knopf, Amelia" uniqKey="Knopf A" first="Amelia" last="Knopf">Amelia Knopf</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Indiana University, School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agot, Kawango" sort="Agot, Kawango" uniqKey="Agot K" first="Kawango" last="Agot">Kawango Agot</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organisation, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sidle, John" sort="Sidle, John" uniqKey="Sidle J" first="John" last="Sidle">John Sidle</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Naanyu, Violet" sort="Naanyu, Violet" uniqKey="Naanyu V" first="Violet" last="Naanyu">Violet Naanyu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Moi University, School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, Martina" sort="Morris, Martina" uniqKey="Morris M" first="Martina" last="Morris">Martina Morris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">University of Washington, Departments of Statistics and Sociology, Seattle, Washington</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Social science & medicine (1982)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0277-9536</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1873-5347</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">We report the results of the first study designed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an HIV prevention intervention focused on concurrent sexual partnerships. Mathematical models and longitudinal studies of stable couples indicate concurrency plays a critical role in sustaining generalized HIV epidemics in heterosexual populations, and East and Southern African nations identified concurrency reduction as a priority for HIV prevention. "Know Your Network" (KYN) is a single-session community-level concurrency awareness intervention designed to address this need. It is rooted in traditional social network research, but takes advantage of new network methodology and years of participatory action research with communities living in a region of Kenya with the highest HIV prevalence nationally. KYN combines didactic presentation, interactive exercises, high-impact graphics, and a network survey with immediate visualization of the results, to prompt a community conversation about sexual norms. We combined focus group discussions and the traditional east African baraza to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of KYN for use with adults living in rural Nyanza Province, Kenya. We were able to implement KYN with fidelity to its components. Participants understood the intervention's messages about concurrency and its role in HIV transmission through sexual networks. They agreed to provide anonymous egocentric data on their sexual partnerships, and in return we successfully simulated a representation of their local network for them to view and discuss. This launched a dynamic conversation about concurrency and sexual norms that persisted after the intervention. The concurrency message was novel, but resonant to participants, who reported sharing it with their children, friends, and sexual partners. With clear evidence of KYN's feasibility and acceptability, it would be appropriate to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention using a community-randomized trial. If effective, KYN would offer an inexpensive complement to ongoing comprehensive HIV prevention efforts in generalized epidemic settings.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">8303205</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">7517</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Soc Sci Med</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Soc Sci Med</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Social science & medicine (1982)</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0277-9536</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1873-5347</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24650739</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3999233</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.039</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS567223</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>“This is the Medicine:” A Kenyan community responds to a sexual concurrency reduction intervention</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Knopf</surname>
<given-names>Amelia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Agot</surname>
<given-names>Kawango</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sidle</surname>
<given-names>John</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">c</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Naanyu</surname>
<given-names>Violet</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Morris</surname>
<given-names>Martina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">e</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>a</label>
Indiana University, School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>b</label>
Impact Research and Development Organisation, Kisumu, Kenya</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>c</label>
Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>d</label>
Moi University, School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>e</label>
University of Washington, Departments of Statistics and Sociology, Seattle, Washington</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="CR1"><bold>Corresponding Author:</bold>
Dr. Martina Morris Box 354322 University of Washington, Department of Statistics Seattle, WA 98195-4322 <email>morrism@uw.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>11</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>5</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>108</volume>
<fpage>175</fpage>
<lpage>184</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.039</pmc-comment>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p id="P1">We report the results of the first study designed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an HIV prevention intervention focused on concurrent sexual partnerships. Mathematical models and longitudinal studies of stable couples indicate concurrency plays a critical role in sustaining generalized HIV epidemics in heterosexual populations, and East and Southern African nations identified concurrency reduction as a priority for HIV prevention. "Know Your Network" (KYN) is a single-session community-level concurrency awareness intervention designed to address this need. It is rooted in traditional social network research, but takes advantage of new network methodology and years of participatory action research with communities living in a region of Kenya with the highest HIV prevalence nationally. KYN combines didactic presentation, interactive exercises, high-impact graphics, and a network survey with immediate visualization of the results, to prompt a community conversation about sexual norms. We combined focus group discussions and the traditional east African baraza to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of KYN for use with adults living in rural Nyanza Province, Kenya. We were able to implement KYN with fidelity to its components. Participants understood the intervention's messages about concurrency and its role in HIV transmission through sexual networks. They agreed to provide anonymous egocentric data on their sexual partnerships, and in return we successfully simulated a representation of their local network for them to view and discuss. This launched a dynamic conversation about concurrency and sexual norms that persisted after the intervention. The concurrency message was novel, but resonant to participants, who reported sharing it with their children, friends, and sexual partners. With clear evidence of KYN's feasibility and acceptability, it would be appropriate to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention using a community-randomized trial. If effective, KYN would offer an inexpensive complement to ongoing comprehensive HIV prevention efforts in generalized epidemic settings.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Kenya</kwd>
<kwd>Nyanza Province</kwd>
<kwd>HIV/AIDS</kwd>
<kwd>HIV prevention</kwd>
<kwd>Concurrent sexual partnerships</kwd>
<kwd>Behavioral intervention</kwd>
<kwd>Educational intervention</kwd>
<kwd>Social network analysis</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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