Genetic Heterogeneity in Algerian Human Populations
Identifieur interne : 000043 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 000042; suivant : 000044Genetic Heterogeneity in Algerian Human Populations
Auteurs : Asmahan Bekada [Algérie] ; Lara R. Arauna [Espagne] ; Tahria Deba [Algérie] ; Francesc Calafell [Espagne] ; Soraya Benhamamouch [Algérie] ; David Comas [Espagne]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- Wicri :
- geographic : Algérie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical : DNA, Mitochondrial.
- geographic : Algeria.
- genetics : Ethnic Groups.
- Chromosomes, Human, Y, Female, Genetic Heterogeneity, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population, Genome-Wide Association Study, Haplotypes, Humans, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide.
Abstract
The demographic history of human populations in North Africa has been characterized by complex processes of admixture and isolation that have modeled its current gene pool. Diverse genetic ancestral components with different origins (autochthonous, European, Middle Eastern, and sub-Saharan) and genetic heterogeneity in the region have been described. In this complex genetic landscape, Algeria, the largest country in Africa, has been poorly covered, with most of the studies using a single Algerian sample. In order to evaluate the genetic heterogeneity of Algeria, Y-chromosome, mtDNA and autosomal genome-wide makers have been analyzed in several Berber- and Arab-speaking groups. Our results show that the genetic heterogeneity found in Algeria is not correlated with geography or linguistics, challenging the idea of Berber groups being genetically isolated and Arab groups open to gene flow. In addition, we have found that external sources of gene flow into North Africa have been carried more often by females than males, while the North African autochthonous component is more frequent in paternally transmitted genome regions. Our results highlight the different demographic history revealed by different markers and urge to be cautious when deriving general conclusions from partial genomic information or from single samples as representatives of the total population of a region.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138453
PubMed: 26402429
PubMed Central: 4581715
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PMC:4581715Le document en format XML
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Arauna</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Catalogne</region><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Pompeu Fabra</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deba, Tahria" sort="Deba, Tahria" uniqKey="Deba T" first="Tahria" last="Deba">Tahria Deba</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Centre de Transfusion Sanguine- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d’Oran (CTS-CHUO), Oran, Algeria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre de Transfusion Sanguine- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d’Oran (CTS-CHUO), Oran</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oran</settlement><region nuts="2">Wilaya d'Oran</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Calafell, Francesc" sort="Calafell, Francesc" uniqKey="Calafell F" first="Francesc" last="Calafell">Francesc Calafell</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Catalogne</region><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Pompeu Fabra</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benhamamouch, Soraya" sort="Benhamamouch, Soraya" uniqKey="Benhamamouch S" first="Soraya" last="Benhamamouch">Soraya Benhamamouch</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Département de Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Oran 1 (Ahmad Ben Bella), Oran, Algeria</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country><wicri:regionArea>Département de Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Oran 1 (Ahmad Ben Bella), Oran</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oran</settlement><region nuts="2">Wilaya d'Oran</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Comas, David" sort="Comas, David" uniqKey="Comas D" first="David" last="Comas">David Comas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Catalogne</region><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Pompeu Fabra</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Algeria</term><term>Chromosomes, Human, Y</term><term>DNA, Mitochondrial</term><term>Ethnic Groups (genetics)</term><term>Female</term><term>Genetic Heterogeneity</term><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Genetics, Population</term><term>Genome-Wide Association Study</term><term>Haplotypes</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN mitochondrial</term><term>Algérie</term><term>Chromosomes Y humains</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Groupes ethniques (génétique)</term><term>Génétique des populations</term><term>Haplotypes</term><term>Humains</term><term>Hétérogénéité génétique</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple</term><term>Variation génétique</term><term>Étude d'association pangénomique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Mitochondrial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Algeria</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Ethnic Groups</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Groupes ethniques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Chromosomes, Human, Y</term><term>Female</term><term>Genetic Heterogeneity</term><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Genetics, Population</term><term>Genome-Wide Association Study</term><term>Haplotypes</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN mitochondrial</term><term>Algérie</term><term>Chromosomes Y humains</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Génétique des populations</term><term>Haplotypes</term><term>Humains</term><term>Hétérogénéité génétique</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple</term><term>Variation génétique</term><term>Étude d'association pangénomique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Algérie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The demographic history of human populations in North Africa has been characterized by complex processes of admixture and isolation that have modeled its current gene pool. Diverse genetic ancestral components with different origins (autochthonous, European, Middle Eastern, and sub-Saharan) and genetic heterogeneity in the region have been described. In this complex genetic landscape, Algeria, the largest country in Africa, has been poorly covered, with most of the studies using a single Algerian sample. In order to evaluate the genetic heterogeneity of Algeria, Y-chromosome, mtDNA and autosomal genome-wide makers have been analyzed in several Berber- and Arab-speaking groups. Our results show that the genetic heterogeneity found in Algeria is not correlated with geography or linguistics, challenging the idea of Berber groups being genetically isolated and Arab groups open to gene flow. In addition, we have found that external sources of gene flow into North Africa have been carried more often by females than males, while the North African autochthonous component is more frequent in paternally transmitted genome regions. Our results highlight the different demographic history revealed by different markers and urge to be cautious when deriving general conclusions from partial genomic information or from single samples as representatives of the total population of a region.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, Tm" uniqKey="Smith T">TM Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tafforeau, P" uniqKey="Tafforeau P">P Tafforeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reid, Dj" uniqKey="Reid D">DJ Reid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grun, R" uniqKey="Grun R">R Grün</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eggins, S" uniqKey="Eggins S">S Eggins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boutakiout, M" uniqKey="Boutakiout M">M Boutakiout</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Camps, G" uniqKey="Camps G">G Camps</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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Ennafaa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fregel, R" uniqKey="Fregel R">R Fregel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khodjet El Khil, H" uniqKey="Khodjet El Khil H">H Khodjet-El-Khil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez, Am" uniqKey="Gonzalez A">AM González</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mahmoudi, Ha El" uniqKey="Mahmoudi H">HA El Mahmoudi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cabrera, Vm" uniqKey="Cabrera V">VM Cabrera</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fadhlaoui Zid, K" uniqKey="Fadhlaoui Zid K">K Fadhlaoui-Zid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Bertrand, R" uniqKey="Garcia Bertrand R">R Garcia-Bertrand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alfonso Sanchez M, A" uniqKey="Alfonso Sanchez M A">A Alfonso-Sánchez M</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zemni, R" uniqKey="Zemni R">R Zemni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benammar Elgaaied, A" uniqKey="Benammar Elgaaied A">A 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