Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Security and Diet-Related Lifestyle Behaviors: An Analytical Study of Google Trends-Based Query Volumes.
Identifieur interne : 000074 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000073; suivant : 000075Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Security and Diet-Related Lifestyle Behaviors: An Analytical Study of Google Trends-Based Query Volumes.
Auteurs : Noor Rohmah Mayasari ; Dang Khanh Ngan Ho ; David J. Lundy ; Anatoly V. Skalny ; Alexey A. Tinkov ; I-Chun Teng ; Meng-Chieh Wu ; Amelia Faradina ; Afrah Zaki Mahdi Mohammed ; Ji Min Park ; Yi Jing Ngu ; Sabrina Aliné ; Naila Maya Shofia ; Jung-Su ChangSource :
- Nutrients [ 2072-6643 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Betacoronavirus (MeSH), COVID-19 (MeSH), Coronavirus (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (immunology), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Curcuma (MeSH), Diet (MeSH), Fatty Acids, Omega-3 (MeSH), Feeding Behavior (MeSH), Food Supply (MeSH), Garlic (MeSH), Health Behavior (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Information Seeking Behavior (MeSH), Life Style (MeSH), Nutrients (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), Pneumonia, Viral (immunology), Pneumonia, Viral (virology), Restaurants (MeSH), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Search Engine (MeSH), Sedentary Behavior (MeSH), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (MeSH), Social Isolation (MeSH), Trace Elements (MeSH), Vitamins (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical : Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Trace Elements, Vitamins.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- immunology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- virology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Coronavirus, Curcuma, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Food Supply, Garlic, Health Behavior, Humans, Information Seeking Behavior, Life Style, Nutrients, Pandemics, Restaurants, SARS-CoV-2, Search Engine, Sedentary Behavior, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Social Isolation.
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 disease (COVID)-19 is having profound effects on the global economy and food trade. Limited data are available on how this pandemic is affecting our dietary and lifestyle-related behaviors at the global level. Google Trends was used to obtain worldwide relative search volumes (RSVs) covering a timeframe from before the COVID-19 pandemic 1 June 2019 to 27 April 2020. Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficients were used to measure relationships between daily confirmed cases and aforementioned RSVs between 31 December 2019 and 15 April 2020. RSV curves showed increased interest in multiple keywords related to dietary and lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 lockdown period in March and April 2020. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the strongest variables in each keyword category were (1) food security (food shortage: r = 0.749, food bank: r = 0.660, and free food: r = 0.555; all p < 0.001), (2) dietary behaviors (delivery: r = 0.780, restaurant: r = -0.731, take-away: r = 0.731, and food-delivery: r = 0.693; all p < 0.001), (3) outdoor-related behaviors (resort: r = -0.922, hotel: r = -0.913, cinema: r = -0.844, park: r = -0.827, fitness: r = -0.817, gym: r = -0.811; plant: r = 0.749, sunbathing: r = 0.668, and online: r = 0.670; all p < 0.001), and (4) immune-related nutrients/herbs/foods (vitamin C: r = 0.802, vitamin A: r = 0.780, zinc: r = 0.781, immune: r = 0.739, vitamin E: r = 0.707, garlic: r = 0.667, omega-3 fatty acid: r = -0.633, vitamin D: r = 0.549, and turmeric: r = 0.545; all p < 0.001). Restricted movement has affected peoples' dietary and lifestyle behaviors as people tend to search for immune-boosting nutrients/herbs and have replaced outdoor activities with sedentary indoor behaviors.
DOI: 10.3390/nu12103103
PubMed: 33053656
PubMed Central: PMC7601866
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:33053656Le document en format XML
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Chang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity (CTSSO), Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33053656</idno><idno type="pmid">33053656</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/nu12103103</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7601866</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000074</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000074</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Security and Diet-Related Lifestyle Behaviors: An Analytical Study of Google Trends-Based Query Volumes.</title><author><name sortKey="Mayasari, Noor Rohmah" sort="Mayasari, Noor Rohmah" uniqKey="Mayasari N" first="Noor Rohmah" last="Mayasari">Noor Rohmah Mayasari</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Dang Khanh Ngan" sort="Ho, Dang Khanh Ngan" uniqKey="Ho D" first="Dang Khanh Ngan" last="Ho">Dang Khanh Ngan Ho</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lundy, David J" sort="Lundy, David J" uniqKey="Lundy D" first="David J" last="Lundy">David J. Lundy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skalny, Anatoly V" sort="Skalny, Anatoly V" uniqKey="Skalny A" first="Anatoly V" last="Skalny">Anatoly V. Skalny</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Molecular Dietology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tinkov, Alexey A" sort="Tinkov, Alexey A" uniqKey="Tinkov A" first="Alexey A" last="Tinkov">Alexey A. Tinkov</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Molecular Dietology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teng, I Chun" sort="Teng, I Chun" uniqKey="Teng I" first="I-Chun" last="Teng">I-Chun Teng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Meng Chieh" sort="Wu, Meng Chieh" uniqKey="Wu M" first="Meng-Chieh" last="Wu">Meng-Chieh Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faradina, Amelia" sort="Faradina, Amelia" uniqKey="Faradina A" first="Amelia" last="Faradina">Amelia Faradina</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohammed, Afrah Zaki Mahdi" sort="Mohammed, Afrah Zaki Mahdi" uniqKey="Mohammed A" first="Afrah Zaki Mahdi" last="Mohammed">Afrah Zaki Mahdi Mohammed</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Ji Min" sort="Park, Ji Min" uniqKey="Park J" first="Ji Min" last="Park">Ji Min Park</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ngu, Yi Jing" sort="Ngu, Yi Jing" uniqKey="Ngu Y" first="Yi Jing" last="Ngu">Yi Jing Ngu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aline, Sabrina" sort="Aline, Sabrina" uniqKey="Aline S" first="Sabrina" last="Aliné">Sabrina Aliné</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shofia, Naila Maya" sort="Shofia, Naila Maya" uniqKey="Shofia N" first="Naila Maya" last="Shofia">Naila Maya Shofia</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, 20136 Milano, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jung Su" sort="Chang, Jung Su" uniqKey="Chang J" first="Jung-Su" last="Chang">Jung-Su Chang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity (CTSSO), Taipei 110, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nutrients</title><idno type="eISSN">2072-6643</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (immunology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term><term>Curcuma (MeSH)</term><term>Diet (MeSH)</term><term>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 (MeSH)</term><term>Feeding Behavior (MeSH)</term><term>Food Supply (MeSH)</term><term>Garlic (MeSH)</term><term>Health Behavior (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Information Seeking Behavior (MeSH)</term><term>Life Style (MeSH)</term><term>Nutrients (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (immunology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (virology)</term><term>Restaurants (MeSH)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term><term>Search Engine (MeSH)</term><term>Sedentary Behavior (MeSH)</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (MeSH)</term><term>Social Isolation (MeSH)</term><term>Trace Elements (MeSH)</term><term>Vitamins (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Fatty Acids, Omega-3</term><term>Trace Elements</term><term>Vitamins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Curcuma</term><term>Diet</term><term>Feeding Behavior</term><term>Food Supply</term><term>Garlic</term><term>Health Behavior</term><term>Humans</term><term>Information Seeking Behavior</term><term>Life Style</term><term>Nutrients</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Restaurants</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term><term>Search Engine</term><term>Sedentary Behavior</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term><term>Social Isolation</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 disease (COVID)-19 is having profound effects on the global economy and food trade. Limited data are available on how this pandemic is affecting our dietary and lifestyle-related behaviors at the global level. Google Trends was used to obtain worldwide relative search volumes (RSVs) covering a timeframe from before the COVID-19 pandemic 1 June 2019 to 27 April 2020. Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficients were used to measure relationships between daily confirmed cases and aforementioned RSVs between 31 December 2019 and 15 April 2020. RSV curves showed increased interest in multiple keywords related to dietary and lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 lockdown period in March and April 2020. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the strongest variables in each keyword category were (1) food security (food shortage: r = 0.749, food bank: r = 0.660, and free food: r = 0.555; all <i>p</i> < 0.001), (2) dietary behaviors (delivery: r = 0.780, restaurant: r = -0.731, take-away: r = 0.731, and food-delivery: r = 0.693; all <i>p</i> < 0.001), (3) outdoor-related behaviors (resort: r = -0.922, hotel: r = -0.913, cinema: r = -0.844, park: r = -0.827, fitness: r = -0.817, gym: r = -0.811; plant: r = 0.749, sunbathing: r = 0.668, and online: r = 0.670; all <i>p</i> < 0.001), and (4) immune-related nutrients/herbs/foods (vitamin C: r = 0.802, vitamin A: r = 0.780, zinc: r = 0.781, immune: r = 0.739, vitamin E: r = 0.707, garlic: r = 0.667, omega-3 fatty acid: r = -0.633, vitamin D: r = 0.549, and turmeric: r = 0.545; all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Restricted movement has affected peoples' dietary and lifestyle behaviors as people tend to search for immune-boosting nutrients/herbs and have replaced outdoor activities with sedentary indoor behaviors.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33053656</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>22</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2072-6643</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>12</Volume><Issue>10</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Oct</Month><Day>12</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Nutrients</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Nutrients</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Security and Diet-Related Lifestyle Behaviors: An Analytical Study of Google Trends-Based Query Volumes.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">E3103</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3390/nu12103103</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 disease (COVID)-19 is having profound effects on the global economy and food trade. Limited data are available on how this pandemic is affecting our dietary and lifestyle-related behaviors at the global level. Google Trends was used to obtain worldwide relative search volumes (RSVs) covering a timeframe from before the COVID-19 pandemic 1 June 2019 to 27 April 2020. Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficients were used to measure relationships between daily confirmed cases and aforementioned RSVs between 31 December 2019 and 15 April 2020. RSV curves showed increased interest in multiple keywords related to dietary and lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 lockdown period in March and April 2020. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the strongest variables in each keyword category were (1) food security (food shortage: r = 0.749, food bank: r = 0.660, and free food: r = 0.555; all <i>p</i> < 0.001), (2) dietary behaviors (delivery: r = 0.780, restaurant: r = -0.731, take-away: r = 0.731, and food-delivery: r = 0.693; all <i>p</i> < 0.001), (3) outdoor-related behaviors (resort: r = -0.922, hotel: r = -0.913, cinema: r = -0.844, park: r = -0.827, fitness: r = -0.817, gym: r = -0.811; plant: r = 0.749, sunbathing: r = 0.668, and online: r = 0.670; all <i>p</i> < 0.001), and (4) immune-related nutrients/herbs/foods (vitamin C: r = 0.802, vitamin A: r = 0.780, zinc: r = 0.781, immune: r = 0.739, vitamin E: r = 0.707, garlic: r = 0.667, omega-3 fatty acid: r = -0.633, vitamin D: r = 0.549, and turmeric: r = 0.545; all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Restricted movement has affected peoples' dietary and lifestyle behaviors as people tend to search for immune-boosting nutrients/herbs and have replaced outdoor activities with sedentary indoor behaviors.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mayasari</LastName><ForeName>Noor Rohmah</ForeName><Initials>NR</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-3742-7705</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ho</LastName><ForeName>Dang Khanh Ngan</ForeName><Initials>DKN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lundy</LastName><ForeName>David J</ForeName><Initials>DJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Skalny</LastName><ForeName>Anatoly V</ForeName><Initials>AV</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Molecular Dietology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tinkov</LastName><ForeName>Alexey A</ForeName><Initials>AA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Molecular Dietology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Teng</LastName><ForeName>I-Chun</ForeName><Initials>IC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wu</LastName><ForeName>Meng-Chieh</ForeName><Initials>MC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Faradina</LastName><ForeName>Amelia</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mohammed</LastName><ForeName>Afrah Zaki Mahdi</ForeName><Initials>AZM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Park</LastName><ForeName>Ji Min</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ngu</LastName><ForeName>Yi Jing</ForeName><Initials>YJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aliné</LastName><ForeName>Sabrina</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shofia</LastName><ForeName>Naila Maya</ForeName><Initials>NM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, 20136 Milano, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chang</LastName><ForeName>Jung-Su</ForeName><Initials>JS</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-8608-9349</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity (CTSSO), Taipei 110, Taiwan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>109TMU-TMUH-13</GrantID><Agency>Taipei Medical University Hospital</Agency><Country></Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>MOST109-2923-B-038-001-MY3</GrantID><Agency>Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan</Agency><Country></Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>MOST107-2320-B-038-010-MY3</GrantID><Agency>Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan</Agency><Country></Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate 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