Standardized metadata for human pathogen/vector genomic sequences.
Identifieur interne : 000015 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000014; suivant : 000016Standardized metadata for human pathogen/vector genomic sequences.
Auteurs : Vivien G. Dugan [États-Unis] ; Scott J. Emrich [États-Unis] ; Gloria I. Giraldo-Calder N [États-Unis] ; Omar S. Harb [États-Unis] ; Ruchi M. Newman [États-Unis] ; Brett E. Pickett [États-Unis] ; Lynn M. Schriml [États-Unis] ; Timothy B. Stockwell [États-Unis] ; Christian J. Stoeckert [États-Unis] ; Dan E. Sullivan [États-Unis] ; Indresh Singh [États-Unis] ; Doyle V. Ward [États-Unis] ; Alison Yao [États-Unis] ; Jie Zheng [États-Unis] ; Tanya Barrett [États-Unis] ; Bruce Birren [États-Unis] ; Lauren Brinkac [États-Unis] ; Vincent M. Bruno [États-Unis] ; Elizabet Caler [États-Unis] ; Sinéad Chapman [États-Unis] ; Frank H. Collins [États-Unis] ; Christina A. Cuomo [États-Unis] ; Valentina Di Francesco [États-Unis] ; Scott Durkin [États-Unis] ; Mark Eppinger [États-Unis] ; Michael Feldgarden [États-Unis] ; Claire Fraser [États-Unis] ; W Florian Fricke [États-Unis] ; Maria Giovanni [États-Unis] ; Matthew R. Henn [États-Unis] ; Erin Hine [États-Unis] ; Julie Dunning Hotopp [États-Unis] ; Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi [États-Unis] ; Jessica C. Kissinger [États-Unis] ; Eun Mi Lee [États-Unis] ; Punam Mathur [États-Unis] ; Emmanuel F. Mongodin [États-Unis] ; Cheryl I. Murphy [États-Unis] ; Garry Myers [États-Unis] ; Daniel E. Neafsey [États-Unis] ; Karen E. Nelson [États-Unis] ; William C. Nierman [États-Unis] ; Julia Puzak [États-Unis] ; David Rasko [États-Unis] ; David S. Roos [États-Unis] ; Lisa Sadzewicz [États-Unis] ; Joana C. Silva [États-Unis] ; Bruno Sobral [États-Unis] ; R Burke Squires [États-Unis] ; Rick L. Stevens [États-Unis] ; Luke Tallon [États-Unis] ; Herve Tettelin [États-Unis] ; David Wentworth [États-Unis] ; Owen White [États-Unis] ; Rebecca Will [États-Unis] ; Jennifer Wortman [États-Unis] ; Yun Zhang [États-Unis] ; Richard H. Scheuermann [États-Unis]Source :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2014.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- genetics : Virulence.
- microbiology : Communicable Diseases.
- parasitology : Communicable Diseases.
- standards : Databases, Genetic.
- Animals, Datasets as Topic, Disease Vectors, Gene Ontology, Genome, Humans, Reference Standards, Sequence Analysis, DNA.
Abstract
High throughput sequencing has accelerated the determination of genome sequences for thousands of human infectious disease pathogens and dozens of their vectors. The scale and scope of these data are enabling genotype-phenotype association studies to identify genetic determinants of pathogen virulence and drug/insecticide resistance, and phylogenetic studies to track the origin and spread of disease outbreaks. To maximize the utility of genomic sequences for these purposes, it is essential that metadata about the pathogen/vector isolate characteristics be collected and made available in organized, clear, and consistent formats. Here we report the development of the GSCID/BRC Project and Sample Application Standard, developed by representatives of the Genome Sequencing Centers for Infectious Diseases (GSCIDs), the Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) for Infectious Diseases, and the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), informed by interactions with numerous collaborating scientists. It includes mapping to terms from other data standards initiatives, including the Genomic Standards Consortium's minimal information (MIxS) and NCBI's BioSample/BioProjects checklists and the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI). The standard includes data fields about characteristics of the organism or environmental source of the specimen, spatial-temporal information about the specimen isolation event, phenotypic characteristics of the pathogen/vector isolated, and project leadership and support. By modeling metadata fields into an ontology-based semantic framework and reusing existing ontologies and minimum information checklists, the application standard can be extended to support additional project-specific data fields and integrated with other data represented with comparable standards. The use of this metadata standard by all ongoing and future GSCID sequencing projects will provide a consistent representation of these data in the BRC resources and other repositories that leverage these data, allowing investigators to identify relevant genomic sequences and perform comparative genomics analyses that are both statistically meaningful and biologically relevant.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099979
PubMed: 24936976
Affiliations:
- États-Unis
- Californie, Géorgie (États-Unis), Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvanie, Virginie
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:24936976Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Newman, Ruchi M" sort="Newman, Ruchi M" uniqKey="Newman R" first="Ruchi M" last="Newman">Ruchi M. Newman</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pickett, Brett E" sort="Pickett, Brett E" uniqKey="Pickett B" first="Brett E" last="Pickett">Brett E. Pickett</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Schriml, Lynn M" sort="Schriml, Lynn M" uniqKey="Schriml L" first="Lynn M" last="Schriml">Lynn M. Schriml</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Stockwell, Timothy B" sort="Stockwell, Timothy B" uniqKey="Stockwell T" first="Timothy B" last="Stockwell">Timothy B. Stockwell</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Stoeckert, Christian J" sort="Stoeckert, Christian J" uniqKey="Stoeckert C" first="Christian J" last="Stoeckert">Christian J. Stoeckert</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sullivan, Dan E" sort="Sullivan, Dan E" uniqKey="Sullivan D" first="Dan E" last="Sullivan">Dan E. Sullivan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Singh, Indresh" sort="Singh, Indresh" uniqKey="Singh I" first="Indresh" last="Singh">Indresh Singh</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ward, Doyle V" sort="Ward, Doyle V" uniqKey="Ward D" first="Doyle V" last="Ward">Doyle V. Ward</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Yao, Alison" sort="Yao, Alison" uniqKey="Yao A" first="Alison" last="Yao">Alison Yao</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Zheng, Jie" sort="Zheng, Jie" uniqKey="Zheng J" first="Jie" last="Zheng">Jie Zheng</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Barrett, Tanya" sort="Barrett, Tanya" uniqKey="Barrett T" first="Tanya" last="Barrett">Tanya Barrett</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Birren, Bruce" sort="Birren, Bruce" uniqKey="Birren B" first="Bruce" last="Birren">Bruce Birren</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Brinkac, Lauren" sort="Brinkac, Lauren" uniqKey="Brinkac L" first="Lauren" last="Brinkac">Lauren Brinkac</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bruno, Vincent M" sort="Bruno, Vincent M" uniqKey="Bruno V" first="Vincent M" last="Bruno">Vincent M. Bruno</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Caler, Elizabet" sort="Caler, Elizabet" uniqKey="Caler E" first="Elizabet" last="Caler">Elizabet Caler</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Collins, Frank H" sort="Collins, Frank H" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Frank H" last="Collins">Frank H. Collins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Cuomo, Christina A" sort="Cuomo, Christina A" uniqKey="Cuomo C" first="Christina A" last="Cuomo">Christina A. Cuomo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Di Francesco, Valentina" sort="Di Francesco, Valentina" uniqKey="Di Francesco V" first="Valentina" last="Di Francesco">Valentina Di Francesco</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Durkin, Scott" sort="Durkin, Scott" uniqKey="Durkin S" first="Scott" last="Durkin">Scott Durkin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eppinger, Mark" sort="Eppinger, Mark" uniqKey="Eppinger M" first="Mark" last="Eppinger">Mark Eppinger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feldgarden, Michael" sort="Feldgarden, Michael" uniqKey="Feldgarden M" first="Michael" last="Feldgarden">Michael Feldgarden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fraser, Claire" sort="Fraser, Claire" uniqKey="Fraser C" first="Claire" last="Fraser">Claire Fraser</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fricke, W Florian" sort="Fricke, W Florian" uniqKey="Fricke W" first="W Florian" last="Fricke">W Florian Fricke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giovanni, Maria" sort="Giovanni, Maria" uniqKey="Giovanni M" first="Maria" last="Giovanni">Maria Giovanni</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henn, Matthew R" sort="Henn, Matthew R" uniqKey="Henn M" first="Matthew R" last="Henn">Matthew R. Henn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hine, Erin" sort="Hine, Erin" uniqKey="Hine E" first="Erin" last="Hine">Erin Hine</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hotopp, Julie Dunning" sort="Hotopp, Julie Dunning" uniqKey="Hotopp J" first="Julie Dunning" last="Hotopp">Julie Dunning Hotopp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karsch Mizrachi, Ilene" sort="Karsch Mizrachi, Ilene" uniqKey="Karsch Mizrachi I" first="Ilene" last="Karsch-Mizrachi">Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kissinger, Jessica C" sort="Kissinger, Jessica C" uniqKey="Kissinger J" first="Jessica C" last="Kissinger">Jessica C. Kissinger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Eun Mi" sort="Lee, Eun Mi" uniqKey="Lee E" first="Eun Mi" last="Lee">Eun Mi Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mathur, Punam" sort="Mathur, Punam" uniqKey="Mathur P" first="Punam" last="Mathur">Punam Mathur</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mongodin, Emmanuel F" sort="Mongodin, Emmanuel F" uniqKey="Mongodin E" first="Emmanuel F" last="Mongodin">Emmanuel F. Mongodin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murphy, Cheryl I" sort="Murphy, Cheryl I" uniqKey="Murphy C" first="Cheryl I" last="Murphy">Cheryl I. Murphy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Myers, Garry" sort="Myers, Garry" uniqKey="Myers G" first="Garry" last="Myers">Garry Myers</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Neafsey, Daniel E" sort="Neafsey, Daniel E" uniqKey="Neafsey D" first="Daniel E" last="Neafsey">Daniel E. Neafsey</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Nierman, William C" sort="Nierman, William C" uniqKey="Nierman W" first="William C" last="Nierman">William C. Nierman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Puzak, Julia" sort="Puzak, Julia" uniqKey="Puzak J" first="Julia" last="Puzak">Julia Puzak</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kelly Government Solutions, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rasko, David" sort="Rasko, David" uniqKey="Rasko D" first="David" last="Rasko">David Rasko</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Roos, David S" sort="Roos, David S" uniqKey="Roos D" first="David S" last="Roos">David S. Roos</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sadzewicz, Lisa" sort="Sadzewicz, Lisa" uniqKey="Sadzewicz L" first="Lisa" last="Sadzewicz">Lisa Sadzewicz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silva, Joana C" sort="Silva, Joana C" uniqKey="Silva J" first="Joana C" last="Silva">Joana C. Silva</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sobral, Bruno" sort="Sobral, Bruno" uniqKey="Sobral B" first="Bruno" last="Sobral">Bruno Sobral</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cyberinfrastructure Division, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cyberinfrastructure Division, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Squires, R Burke" sort="Squires, R Burke" uniqKey="Squires R" first="R Burke" last="Squires">R Burke Squires</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stevens, Rick L" sort="Stevens, Rick L" uniqKey="Stevens R" first="Rick L" last="Stevens">Rick L. Stevens</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tallon, Luke" sort="Tallon, Luke" uniqKey="Tallon L" first="Luke" last="Tallon">Luke Tallon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tettelin, Herve" sort="Tettelin, Herve" uniqKey="Tettelin H" first="Herve" last="Tettelin">Herve Tettelin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wentworth, David" sort="Wentworth, David" uniqKey="Wentworth D" first="David" last="Wentworth">David Wentworth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="White, Owen" sort="White, Owen" uniqKey="White O" first="Owen" last="White">Owen White</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Will, Rebecca" sort="Will, Rebecca" uniqKey="Will R" first="Rebecca" last="Will">Rebecca Will</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cyberinfrastructure Division, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cyberinfrastructure Division, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wortman, Jennifer" sort="Wortman, Jennifer" uniqKey="Wortman J" first="Jennifer" last="Wortman">Jennifer Wortman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yun" sort="Zhang, Yun" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yun" last="Zhang">Yun Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scheuermann, Richard H" sort="Scheuermann, Richard H" uniqKey="Scheuermann R" first="Richard H" last="Scheuermann">Richard H. Scheuermann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0099979</idno>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:24936976</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24936976</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Standardized metadata for human pathogen/vector genomic sequences.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Dugan, Vivien G" sort="Dugan, Vivien G" uniqKey="Dugan V" first="Vivien G" last="Dugan">Vivien G. Dugan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Emrich, Scott J" sort="Emrich, Scott J" uniqKey="Emrich S" first="Scott J" last="Emrich">Scott J. Emrich</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giraldo Calder N, Gloria I" sort="Giraldo Calder N, Gloria I" uniqKey="Giraldo Calder N G" first="Gloria I" last="Giraldo-Calder N">Gloria I. Giraldo-Calder N</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harb, Omar S" sort="Harb, Omar S" uniqKey="Harb O" first="Omar S" last="Harb">Omar S. Harb</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Newman, Ruchi M" sort="Newman, Ruchi M" uniqKey="Newman R" first="Ruchi M" last="Newman">Ruchi M. Newman</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pickett, Brett E" sort="Pickett, Brett E" uniqKey="Pickett B" first="Brett E" last="Pickett">Brett E. Pickett</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schriml, Lynn M" sort="Schriml, Lynn M" uniqKey="Schriml L" first="Lynn M" last="Schriml">Lynn M. Schriml</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stockwell, Timothy B" sort="Stockwell, Timothy B" uniqKey="Stockwell T" first="Timothy B" last="Stockwell">Timothy B. Stockwell</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stoeckert, Christian J" sort="Stoeckert, Christian J" uniqKey="Stoeckert C" first="Christian J" last="Stoeckert">Christian J. Stoeckert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sullivan, Dan E" sort="Sullivan, Dan E" uniqKey="Sullivan D" first="Dan E" last="Sullivan">Dan E. Sullivan</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cyberinfrastructure Division, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Singh, Indresh" sort="Singh, Indresh" uniqKey="Singh I" first="Indresh" last="Singh">Indresh Singh</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ward, Doyle V" sort="Ward, Doyle V" uniqKey="Ward D" first="Doyle V" last="Ward">Doyle V. Ward</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yao, Alison" sort="Yao, Alison" uniqKey="Yao A" first="Alison" last="Yao">Alison Yao</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, Jie" sort="Zheng, Jie" uniqKey="Zheng J" first="Jie" last="Zheng">Jie Zheng</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barrett, Tanya" sort="Barrett, Tanya" uniqKey="Barrett T" first="Tanya" last="Barrett">Tanya Barrett</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Birren, Bruce" sort="Birren, Bruce" uniqKey="Birren B" first="Bruce" last="Birren">Bruce Birren</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brinkac, Lauren" sort="Brinkac, Lauren" uniqKey="Brinkac L" first="Lauren" last="Brinkac">Lauren Brinkac</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruno, Vincent M" sort="Bruno, Vincent M" uniqKey="Bruno V" first="Vincent M" last="Bruno">Vincent M. Bruno</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Caler, Elizabet" sort="Caler, Elizabet" uniqKey="Caler E" first="Elizabet" last="Caler">Elizabet Caler</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chapman, Sinead" sort="Chapman, Sinead" uniqKey="Chapman S" first="Sinéad" last="Chapman">Sinéad Chapman</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Collins, Frank H" sort="Collins, Frank H" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Frank H" last="Collins">Frank H. Collins</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cuomo, Christina A" sort="Cuomo, Christina A" uniqKey="Cuomo C" first="Christina A" last="Cuomo">Christina A. Cuomo</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Di Francesco, Valentina" sort="Di Francesco, Valentina" uniqKey="Di Francesco V" first="Valentina" last="Di Francesco">Valentina Di Francesco</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Durkin, Scott" sort="Durkin, Scott" uniqKey="Durkin S" first="Scott" last="Durkin">Scott Durkin</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eppinger, Mark" sort="Eppinger, Mark" uniqKey="Eppinger M" first="Mark" last="Eppinger">Mark Eppinger</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Feldgarden, Michael" sort="Feldgarden, Michael" uniqKey="Feldgarden M" first="Michael" last="Feldgarden">Michael Feldgarden</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Fraser, Claire" sort="Fraser, Claire" uniqKey="Fraser C" first="Claire" last="Fraser">Claire Fraser</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giovanni, Maria" sort="Giovanni, Maria" uniqKey="Giovanni M" first="Maria" last="Giovanni">Maria Giovanni</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Henn, Matthew R" sort="Henn, Matthew R" uniqKey="Henn M" first="Matthew R" last="Henn">Matthew R. Henn</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Hine, Erin" sort="Hine, Erin" uniqKey="Hine E" first="Erin" last="Hine">Erin Hine</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Hotopp, Julie Dunning" sort="Hotopp, Julie Dunning" uniqKey="Hotopp J" first="Julie Dunning" last="Hotopp">Julie Dunning Hotopp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Karsch Mizrachi, Ilene" sort="Karsch Mizrachi, Ilene" uniqKey="Karsch Mizrachi I" first="Ilene" last="Karsch-Mizrachi">Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Kissinger, Jessica C" sort="Kissinger, Jessica C" uniqKey="Kissinger J" first="Jessica C" last="Kissinger">Jessica C. Kissinger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Eun Mi" sort="Lee, Eun Mi" uniqKey="Lee E" first="Eun Mi" last="Lee">Eun Mi Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Mathur, Punam" sort="Mathur, Punam" uniqKey="Mathur P" first="Punam" last="Mathur">Punam Mathur</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Mongodin, Emmanuel F" sort="Mongodin, Emmanuel F" uniqKey="Mongodin E" first="Emmanuel F" last="Mongodin">Emmanuel F. Mongodin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Murphy, Cheryl I" sort="Murphy, Cheryl I" uniqKey="Murphy C" first="Cheryl I" last="Murphy">Cheryl I. Murphy</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Myers, Garry" sort="Myers, Garry" uniqKey="Myers G" first="Garry" last="Myers">Garry Myers</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Neafsey, Daniel E" sort="Neafsey, Daniel E" uniqKey="Neafsey D" first="Daniel E" last="Neafsey">Daniel E. Neafsey</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Nelson, Karen E" sort="Nelson, Karen E" uniqKey="Nelson K" first="Karen E" last="Nelson">Karen E. Nelson</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Nierman, William C" sort="Nierman, William C" uniqKey="Nierman W" first="William C" last="Nierman">William C. Nierman</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Puzak, Julia" sort="Puzak, Julia" uniqKey="Puzak J" first="Julia" last="Puzak">Julia Puzak</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Kelly Government Solutions, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
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<wicri:regionArea>Kelly Government Solutions, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Rasko, David" sort="Rasko, David" uniqKey="Rasko D" first="David" last="Rasko">David Rasko</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Roos, David S" sort="Roos, David S" uniqKey="Roos D" first="David S" last="Roos">David S. Roos</name>
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<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Sadzewicz, Lisa" sort="Sadzewicz, Lisa" uniqKey="Sadzewicz L" first="Lisa" last="Sadzewicz">Lisa Sadzewicz</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Silva, Joana C" sort="Silva, Joana C" uniqKey="Silva J" first="Joana C" last="Silva">Joana C. Silva</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Sobral, Bruno" sort="Sobral, Bruno" uniqKey="Sobral B" first="Bruno" last="Sobral">Bruno Sobral</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Cyberinfrastructure Division, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Squires, R Burke" sort="Squires, R Burke" uniqKey="Squires R" first="R Burke" last="Squires">R Burke Squires</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Stevens, Rick L" sort="Stevens, Rick L" uniqKey="Stevens R" first="Rick L" last="Stevens">Rick L. Stevens</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Tallon, Luke" sort="Tallon, Luke" uniqKey="Tallon L" first="Luke" last="Tallon">Luke Tallon</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Tettelin, Herve" sort="Tettelin, Herve" uniqKey="Tettelin H" first="Herve" last="Tettelin">Herve Tettelin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wentworth, David" sort="Wentworth, David" uniqKey="Wentworth D" first="David" last="Wentworth">David Wentworth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="White, Owen" sort="White, Owen" uniqKey="White O" first="Owen" last="White">Owen White</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Will, Rebecca" sort="Will, Rebecca" uniqKey="Will R" first="Rebecca" last="Will">Rebecca Will</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cyberinfrastructure Division, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cyberinfrastructure Division, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Wortman, Jennifer" sort="Wortman, Jennifer" uniqKey="Wortman J" first="Jennifer" last="Wortman">Jennifer Wortman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
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<wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yun" sort="Zhang, Yun" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yun" last="Zhang">Yun Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scheuermann, Richard H" sort="Scheuermann, Richard H" uniqKey="Scheuermann R" first="Richard H" last="Scheuermann">Richard H. Scheuermann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
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<series><title level="j">PloS one</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date>
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<term>Communicable Diseases (microbiology)</term>
<term>Communicable Diseases (parasitology)</term>
<term>Databases, Genetic (standards)</term>
<term>Datasets as Topic</term>
<term>Disease Vectors</term>
<term>Gene Ontology</term>
<term>Genome</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Reference Standards</term>
<term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term>
<term>Virulence (genetics)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Virulence</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Communicable Diseases</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Communicable Diseases</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="standards" xml:lang="en"><term>Databases, Genetic</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Datasets as Topic</term>
<term>Disease Vectors</term>
<term>Gene Ontology</term>
<term>Genome</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">High throughput sequencing has accelerated the determination of genome sequences for thousands of human infectious disease pathogens and dozens of their vectors. The scale and scope of these data are enabling genotype-phenotype association studies to identify genetic determinants of pathogen virulence and drug/insecticide resistance, and phylogenetic studies to track the origin and spread of disease outbreaks. To maximize the utility of genomic sequences for these purposes, it is essential that metadata about the pathogen/vector isolate characteristics be collected and made available in organized, clear, and consistent formats. Here we report the development of the GSCID/BRC Project and Sample Application Standard, developed by representatives of the Genome Sequencing Centers for Infectious Diseases (GSCIDs), the Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) for Infectious Diseases, and the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), informed by interactions with numerous collaborating scientists. It includes mapping to terms from other data standards initiatives, including the Genomic Standards Consortium's minimal information (MIxS) and NCBI's BioSample/BioProjects checklists and the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI). The standard includes data fields about characteristics of the organism or environmental source of the specimen, spatial-temporal information about the specimen isolation event, phenotypic characteristics of the pathogen/vector isolated, and project leadership and support. By modeling metadata fields into an ontology-based semantic framework and reusing existing ontologies and minimum information checklists, the application standard can be extended to support additional project-specific data fields and integrated with other data represented with comparable standards. The use of this metadata standard by all ongoing and future GSCID sequencing projects will provide a consistent representation of these data in the BRC resources and other repositories that leverage these data, allowing investigators to identify relevant genomic sequences and perform comparative genomics analyses that are both statistically meaningful and biologically relevant.</div>
</front>
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<pubmed><MedlineCitation Owner="NLM" Status="MEDLINE"><PMID Version="1">24936976</PMID>
<DateCreated><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>18</Day>
</DateCreated>
<DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>12</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>08</Month>
<Day>13</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>9</Volume>
<Issue>6</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2014</Year>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>PloS one</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>PLoS ONE</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Standardized metadata for human pathogen/vector genomic sequences.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>e99979</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0099979</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>High throughput sequencing has accelerated the determination of genome sequences for thousands of human infectious disease pathogens and dozens of their vectors. The scale and scope of these data are enabling genotype-phenotype association studies to identify genetic determinants of pathogen virulence and drug/insecticide resistance, and phylogenetic studies to track the origin and spread of disease outbreaks. To maximize the utility of genomic sequences for these purposes, it is essential that metadata about the pathogen/vector isolate characteristics be collected and made available in organized, clear, and consistent formats. Here we report the development of the GSCID/BRC Project and Sample Application Standard, developed by representatives of the Genome Sequencing Centers for Infectious Diseases (GSCIDs), the Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) for Infectious Diseases, and the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), informed by interactions with numerous collaborating scientists. It includes mapping to terms from other data standards initiatives, including the Genomic Standards Consortium's minimal information (MIxS) and NCBI's BioSample/BioProjects checklists and the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI). The standard includes data fields about characteristics of the organism or environmental source of the specimen, spatial-temporal information about the specimen isolation event, phenotypic characteristics of the pathogen/vector isolated, and project leadership and support. By modeling metadata fields into an ontology-based semantic framework and reusing existing ontologies and minimum information checklists, the application standard can be extended to support additional project-specific data fields and integrated with other data represented with comparable standards. The use of this metadata standard by all ongoing and future GSCID sequencing projects will provide a consistent representation of these data in the BRC resources and other repositories that leverage these data, allowing investigators to identify relevant genomic sequences and perform comparative genomics analyses that are both statistically meaningful and biologically relevant.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dugan</LastName>
<ForeName>Vivien G</ForeName>
<Initials>VG</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Emrich</LastName>
<ForeName>Scott J</ForeName>
<Initials>SJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giraldo-Calderón</LastName>
<ForeName>Gloria I</ForeName>
<Initials>GI</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Harb</LastName>
<ForeName>Omar S</ForeName>
<Initials>OS</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Newman</LastName>
<ForeName>Ruchi M</ForeName>
<Initials>RM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pickett</LastName>
<ForeName>Brett E</ForeName>
<Initials>BE</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and La Jolla, California, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schriml</LastName>
<ForeName>Lynn M</ForeName>
<Initials>LM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
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<name sortKey="Bruno, Vincent M" sort="Bruno, Vincent M" uniqKey="Bruno V" first="Vincent M" last="Bruno">Vincent M. Bruno</name>
<name sortKey="Caler, Elizabet" sort="Caler, Elizabet" uniqKey="Caler E" first="Elizabet" last="Caler">Elizabet Caler</name>
<name sortKey="Chapman, Sinead" sort="Chapman, Sinead" uniqKey="Chapman S" first="Sinéad" last="Chapman">Sinéad Chapman</name>
<name sortKey="Collins, Frank H" sort="Collins, Frank H" uniqKey="Collins F" first="Frank H" last="Collins">Frank H. Collins</name>
<name sortKey="Cuomo, Christina A" sort="Cuomo, Christina A" uniqKey="Cuomo C" first="Christina A" last="Cuomo">Christina A. Cuomo</name>
<name sortKey="Di Francesco, Valentina" sort="Di Francesco, Valentina" uniqKey="Di Francesco V" first="Valentina" last="Di Francesco">Valentina Di Francesco</name>
<name sortKey="Durkin, Scott" sort="Durkin, Scott" uniqKey="Durkin S" first="Scott" last="Durkin">Scott Durkin</name>
<name sortKey="Emrich, Scott J" sort="Emrich, Scott J" uniqKey="Emrich S" first="Scott J" last="Emrich">Scott J. Emrich</name>
<name sortKey="Eppinger, Mark" sort="Eppinger, Mark" uniqKey="Eppinger M" first="Mark" last="Eppinger">Mark Eppinger</name>
<name sortKey="Feldgarden, Michael" sort="Feldgarden, Michael" uniqKey="Feldgarden M" first="Michael" last="Feldgarden">Michael Feldgarden</name>
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<name sortKey="Fricke, W Florian" sort="Fricke, W Florian" uniqKey="Fricke W" first="W Florian" last="Fricke">W Florian Fricke</name>
<name sortKey="Giovanni, Maria" sort="Giovanni, Maria" uniqKey="Giovanni M" first="Maria" last="Giovanni">Maria Giovanni</name>
<name sortKey="Giraldo Calder N, Gloria I" sort="Giraldo Calder N, Gloria I" uniqKey="Giraldo Calder N G" first="Gloria I" last="Giraldo-Calder N">Gloria I. Giraldo-Calder N</name>
<name sortKey="Harb, Omar S" sort="Harb, Omar S" uniqKey="Harb O" first="Omar S" last="Harb">Omar S. Harb</name>
<name sortKey="Henn, Matthew R" sort="Henn, Matthew R" uniqKey="Henn M" first="Matthew R" last="Henn">Matthew R. Henn</name>
<name sortKey="Hine, Erin" sort="Hine, Erin" uniqKey="Hine E" first="Erin" last="Hine">Erin Hine</name>
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<name sortKey="Karsch Mizrachi, Ilene" sort="Karsch Mizrachi, Ilene" uniqKey="Karsch Mizrachi I" first="Ilene" last="Karsch-Mizrachi">Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi</name>
<name sortKey="Kissinger, Jessica C" sort="Kissinger, Jessica C" uniqKey="Kissinger J" first="Jessica C" last="Kissinger">Jessica C. Kissinger</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Eun Mi" sort="Lee, Eun Mi" uniqKey="Lee E" first="Eun Mi" last="Lee">Eun Mi Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Mathur, Punam" sort="Mathur, Punam" uniqKey="Mathur P" first="Punam" last="Mathur">Punam Mathur</name>
<name sortKey="Mongodin, Emmanuel F" sort="Mongodin, Emmanuel F" uniqKey="Mongodin E" first="Emmanuel F" last="Mongodin">Emmanuel F. Mongodin</name>
<name sortKey="Murphy, Cheryl I" sort="Murphy, Cheryl I" uniqKey="Murphy C" first="Cheryl I" last="Murphy">Cheryl I. Murphy</name>
<name sortKey="Myers, Garry" sort="Myers, Garry" uniqKey="Myers G" first="Garry" last="Myers">Garry Myers</name>
<name sortKey="Neafsey, Daniel E" sort="Neafsey, Daniel E" uniqKey="Neafsey D" first="Daniel E" last="Neafsey">Daniel E. Neafsey</name>
<name sortKey="Nelson, Karen E" sort="Nelson, Karen E" uniqKey="Nelson K" first="Karen E" last="Nelson">Karen E. Nelson</name>
<name sortKey="Newman, Ruchi M" sort="Newman, Ruchi M" uniqKey="Newman R" first="Ruchi M" last="Newman">Ruchi M. Newman</name>
<name sortKey="Nierman, William C" sort="Nierman, William C" uniqKey="Nierman W" first="William C" last="Nierman">William C. Nierman</name>
<name sortKey="Pickett, Brett E" sort="Pickett, Brett E" uniqKey="Pickett B" first="Brett E" last="Pickett">Brett E. Pickett</name>
<name sortKey="Puzak, Julia" sort="Puzak, Julia" uniqKey="Puzak J" first="Julia" last="Puzak">Julia Puzak</name>
<name sortKey="Rasko, David" sort="Rasko, David" uniqKey="Rasko D" first="David" last="Rasko">David Rasko</name>
<name sortKey="Roos, David S" sort="Roos, David S" uniqKey="Roos D" first="David S" last="Roos">David S. Roos</name>
<name sortKey="Sadzewicz, Lisa" sort="Sadzewicz, Lisa" uniqKey="Sadzewicz L" first="Lisa" last="Sadzewicz">Lisa Sadzewicz</name>
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<name sortKey="Schriml, Lynn M" sort="Schriml, Lynn M" uniqKey="Schriml L" first="Lynn M" last="Schriml">Lynn M. Schriml</name>
<name sortKey="Silva, Joana C" sort="Silva, Joana C" uniqKey="Silva J" first="Joana C" last="Silva">Joana C. Silva</name>
<name sortKey="Singh, Indresh" sort="Singh, Indresh" uniqKey="Singh I" first="Indresh" last="Singh">Indresh Singh</name>
<name sortKey="Sobral, Bruno" sort="Sobral, Bruno" uniqKey="Sobral B" first="Bruno" last="Sobral">Bruno Sobral</name>
<name sortKey="Squires, R Burke" sort="Squires, R Burke" uniqKey="Squires R" first="R Burke" last="Squires">R Burke Squires</name>
<name sortKey="Stevens, Rick L" sort="Stevens, Rick L" uniqKey="Stevens R" first="Rick L" last="Stevens">Rick L. Stevens</name>
<name sortKey="Stockwell, Timothy B" sort="Stockwell, Timothy B" uniqKey="Stockwell T" first="Timothy B" last="Stockwell">Timothy B. Stockwell</name>
<name sortKey="Stoeckert, Christian J" sort="Stoeckert, Christian J" uniqKey="Stoeckert C" first="Christian J" last="Stoeckert">Christian J. Stoeckert</name>
<name sortKey="Sullivan, Dan E" sort="Sullivan, Dan E" uniqKey="Sullivan D" first="Dan E" last="Sullivan">Dan E. Sullivan</name>
<name sortKey="Tallon, Luke" sort="Tallon, Luke" uniqKey="Tallon L" first="Luke" last="Tallon">Luke Tallon</name>
<name sortKey="Tettelin, Herve" sort="Tettelin, Herve" uniqKey="Tettelin H" first="Herve" last="Tettelin">Herve Tettelin</name>
<name sortKey="Ward, Doyle V" sort="Ward, Doyle V" uniqKey="Ward D" first="Doyle V" last="Ward">Doyle V. Ward</name>
<name sortKey="Wentworth, David" sort="Wentworth, David" uniqKey="Wentworth D" first="David" last="Wentworth">David Wentworth</name>
<name sortKey="White, Owen" sort="White, Owen" uniqKey="White O" first="Owen" last="White">Owen White</name>
<name sortKey="Will, Rebecca" sort="Will, Rebecca" uniqKey="Will R" first="Rebecca" last="Will">Rebecca Will</name>
<name sortKey="Wortman, Jennifer" sort="Wortman, Jennifer" uniqKey="Wortman J" first="Jennifer" last="Wortman">Jennifer Wortman</name>
<name sortKey="Yao, Alison" sort="Yao, Alison" uniqKey="Yao A" first="Alison" last="Yao">Alison Yao</name>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Yun" sort="Zhang, Yun" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yun" last="Zhang">Yun Zhang</name>
<name sortKey="Zheng, Jie" sort="Zheng, Jie" uniqKey="Zheng J" first="Jie" last="Zheng">Jie Zheng</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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