Ultrasensitive molecular sensor using N-doped graphene through enhanced Raman scattering
Identifieur interne : 000649 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000648; suivant : 000650Ultrasensitive molecular sensor using N-doped graphene through enhanced Raman scattering
Auteurs : Simin Feng [États-Unis] ; Maria Cristina Dos Santos [Brésil] ; Bruno R. Carvalho [États-Unis, Brésil] ; Ruitao Lv [République populaire de Chine] ; Qing Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Kazunori Fujisawa [États-Unis] ; Ana Laura Elías [États-Unis] ; Yu Lei [États-Unis] ; Nestor Perea-L Pez [États-Unis] ; Morinobu Endo [Japon] ; Minghu Pan [République populaire de Chine] ; Marcos A. Pimenta [Brésil] ; Mauricio Terrones [États-Unis, Japon]Source :
- Science Advances [ 2375-2548 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
N-doped graphene can be used as a substrate for different molecules to effectively enhance their Raman scattering signal.
Url:
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600322
PubMed: 27532043
PubMed Central: 4985229
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>N-doped graphene can be used as a substrate for different molecules to effectively enhance their Raman scattering signal.</p>
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<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lu, T" uniqKey="Lu T">T. Lu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, F" uniqKey="Chen F">F. Chen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Adv</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci Adv</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SciAdv</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">advances</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Science Advances</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2375-2548</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>American Association for the Advancement of Science</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27532043</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4985229</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1600322</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1126/sciadv.1600322</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="legacy-article-type"><subject>SciAdv r-articles</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="overline"><subject>Materials Engineering</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Ultrasensitive molecular sensor using N-doped graphene through enhanced Raman scattering</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feng</surname>
<given-names>Simin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="afn1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>dos Santos</surname>
<given-names>Maria Cristina</given-names>
</name>
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3657-8560</contrib-id>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="afn1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carvalho</surname>
<given-names>Bruno R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="afn1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lv</surname>
<given-names>Ruitao</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Qing</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fujisawa</surname>
<given-names>Kazunori</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Elías</surname>
<given-names>Ana Laura</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lei</surname>
<given-names>Yu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perea-López</surname>
<given-names>Nestor</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Endo</surname>
<given-names>Morinobu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pan</surname>
<given-names>Minghu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pimenta</surname>
<given-names>Marcos A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Terrones</surname>
<given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">†</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil.</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>
Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>
Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>
Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.</aff>
<aff id="aff8"><label>8</label>
School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China.</aff>
<aff id="aff9"><label>9</label>
Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><fn id="afn1" fn-type="equal"><label>*</label>
<p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="cor1"><label>†</label>
Corresponding author. Email: <email xlink:href="mut11@psu.edu">mut11@psu.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>7</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<elocation-id>e1600322</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>15</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>23</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, The Authors</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>The Authors</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" id="p-2"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license</ext-link>
, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is <bold>not</bold>
for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract abstract-type="teaser"><p>N-doped graphene can be used as a substrate for different molecules to effectively enhance their Raman scattering signal.</p>
</abstract>
<abstract><p>As a novel and efficient surface analysis technique, graphene-enhanced Raman scattering (GERS) has attracted increasing research attention in recent years. In particular, chemically doped graphene exhibits improved GERS effects when compared with pristine graphene for certain dyes, and it can be used to efficiently detect trace amounts of molecules. However, the GERS mechanism remains an open question. We present a comprehensive study on the GERS effect of pristine graphene and nitrogen-doped graphene. By controlling nitrogen doping, the Fermi level (<italic>E</italic>
<sub>F</sub>
) of graphene shifts, and if this shift aligns with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of a molecule, charge transfer is enhanced, thus significantly amplifying the molecule’s vibrational Raman modes. We confirmed these findings using different organic fluorescent molecules: rhodamine B, crystal violet, and methylene blue. The Raman signals from these dye molecules can be detected even for concentrations as low as 10<sup>−11</sup>
M, thus providing outstanding molecular sensing capabilities. To explain our results, these nitrogen-doped graphene-molecule systems were modeled using dispersion-corrected density functional theory. Furthermore, we demonstrated that it is possible to determine the gaps between the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO-LUMO) of different molecules when different laser excitations are used. Our simulated Raman spectra of the molecules also suggest that the measured Raman shifts come from the dyes that have an extra electron. This work demonstrates that nitrogen-doped graphene has enormous potential as a substrate when detecting low concentrations of molecules and could also allow for an effective identification of their HOMO-LUMO gaps.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>N-doped graphene</kwd>
<kwd>sensor</kwd>
<kwd>enhanced raman spectroscopy</kwd>
<kwd>GERS</kwd>
<kwd>SERS</kwd>
<kwd>charge transfer</kwd>
<kwd>homo-lumo gap</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000183</institution-id>
<institution>Army Research Office</institution>
</institution-wrap>
</funding-source>
<award-id>ID0EALCK9005</award-id>
<award-id>W911NF-11-1-0362</award-id>
<principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Terrones</surname>
<given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
</name>
</principal-award-recipient>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000181</institution-id>
<institution>Air Force Office of Scientific Research</institution>
</institution-wrap>
</funding-source>
<award-id>ID0E4UCK9006</award-id>
<award-id>FA9550-12-1-0471</award-id>
<principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Terrones</surname>
<given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
</name>
</principal-award-recipient>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809</institution-id>
<institution>National Natural Science Foundation of China</institution>
</institution-wrap>
</funding-source>
<award-id>ID0E15CK9007</award-id>
<award-id>51372131</award-id>
<principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Lv</surname>
<given-names>Ruitao</given-names>
</name>
</principal-award-recipient>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>Copyeditor</meta-name>
<meta-value>Ken Marvin Ortega</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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