On the alleged origin of geminiviruses from extrachromosomal DNAs of phytoplasmas
Identifieur interne : 000264 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000263; suivant : 000265On the alleged origin of geminiviruses from extrachromosomal DNAs of phytoplasmas
Auteurs : Federica Saccardo [Italie] ; Emanuele Cettul [Italie] ; Sabrina Palmano [Italie] ; Emanuela Noris [Italie] ; Giuseppe Firrao [Italie]Source :
- BMC Evolutionary Biology [ 1471-2148 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Several phytoplasmas, wall-less phloem limited plant pathogenic bacteria, have been shown to contain extrachromosomal DNA (EcDNA) molecules encoding a replication associated protein (Rep) similar to that of geminiviruses, a major group of single stranded (ss) DNA plant viruses. On the basis of that observation and of structural similarities between the capsid proteins of geminiviruses and the
Here we show that this hypothesis has to be rejected because (i) the EcDNA encoded Rep is not of phytoplasmal origin but has been acquired by phytoplasmas through horizontal transfer from a geminivirus or its ancestor; and (ii) the evolution of geminivirus capsid protein in land plants implies missing links, while the analysis of metagenomic data suggests an alternative scenario implying a more ancient evolution in marine environments.
The hypothesis of geminiviruses evolving in plants from DNA molecules of phytoplasma origin contrasts with other findings. An alternative scenario concerning the origin and spread of Rep coding phytoplasmal EcDNA is presented and its implications on the epidemiology of phytoplasmas are discussed.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-185
PubMed: 21711564
PubMed Central: 3154185
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Several phytoplasmas, wall-less phloem limited plant pathogenic bacteria, have been shown to contain extrachromosomal DNA (EcDNA) molecules encoding a replication associated protein (Rep) similar to that of geminiviruses, a major group of single stranded (ss) DNA plant viruses. On the basis of that observation and of structural similarities between the capsid proteins of geminiviruses and the <italic>Satellite tobacco necrosis virus</italic>
, it has been recently proposed that geminiviruses evolved from phytoplasmal EcDNAs by acquiring a capsid protein coding gene from a co-invading plant RNA virus.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Here we show that this hypothesis has to be rejected because (i) the EcDNA encoded Rep is not of phytoplasmal origin but has been acquired by phytoplasmas through horizontal transfer from a geminivirus or its ancestor; and (ii) the evolution of geminivirus capsid protein in land plants implies missing links, while the analysis of metagenomic data suggests an alternative scenario implying a more ancient evolution in marine environments.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The hypothesis of geminiviruses evolving in plants from DNA molecules of phytoplasma origin contrasts with other findings. An alternative scenario concerning the origin and spread of Rep coding phytoplasmal EcDNA is presented and its implications on the epidemiology of phytoplasmas are discussed.</p>
</sec>
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<pmc article-type="other"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMC Evol Biol</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>BMC Evolutionary Biology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1471-2148</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21711564</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3154185</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1471-2148-11-185</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1471-2148-11-185</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Correspondence</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>On the alleged origin of geminiviruses from extrachromosomal DNAs of phytoplasmas</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A1"><name><surname>Saccardo</surname>
<given-names>Federica</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>federica.saccardo@uniud.it</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A2"><name><surname>Cettul</surname>
<given-names>Emanuele</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>emanuele.cettul@uniud.it</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A3"><name><surname>Palmano</surname>
<given-names>Sabrina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref>
<email>s.palmano@ivv.cnr.it</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A4"><name><surname>Noris</surname>
<given-names>Emanuela</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref>
<email>e.noris@ivv.cnr.it</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A5"><name><surname>Firrao</surname>
<given-names>Giuseppe</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">3</xref>
<email>firrao@uniud.it</email>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><label>1</label>
Dipartimento di Biologia e Protezione delle Piante, Università di Udine, via Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy</aff>
<aff id="I2"><label>2</label>
Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy</aff>
<aff id="I3"><label>3</label>
Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Interuniversity Consortium, Italy</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<fpage>185</fpage>
<lpage>185</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>22</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>28</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright ©2011 Saccardo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Saccardo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/185"></self-uri>
<abstract><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Several phytoplasmas, wall-less phloem limited plant pathogenic bacteria, have been shown to contain extrachromosomal DNA (EcDNA) molecules encoding a replication associated protein (Rep) similar to that of geminiviruses, a major group of single stranded (ss) DNA plant viruses. On the basis of that observation and of structural similarities between the capsid proteins of geminiviruses and the <italic>Satellite tobacco necrosis virus</italic>
, it has been recently proposed that geminiviruses evolved from phytoplasmal EcDNAs by acquiring a capsid protein coding gene from a co-invading plant RNA virus.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Here we show that this hypothesis has to be rejected because (i) the EcDNA encoded Rep is not of phytoplasmal origin but has been acquired by phytoplasmas through horizontal transfer from a geminivirus or its ancestor; and (ii) the evolution of geminivirus capsid protein in land plants implies missing links, while the analysis of metagenomic data suggests an alternative scenario implying a more ancient evolution in marine environments.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The hypothesis of geminiviruses evolving in plants from DNA molecules of phytoplasma origin contrasts with other findings. An alternative scenario concerning the origin and spread of Rep coding phytoplasmal EcDNA is presented and its implications on the epidemiology of phytoplasmas are discussed.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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