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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Simulating social-ecological systems: the Island Digital Ecosystem Avatars (IDEA) consortium</title><author><name sortKey="Davies, Neil" sort="Davies, Neil" uniqKey="Davies N" first="Neil" last="Davies">Neil Davies</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Gump South Pacific Research Station, University of California Berkeley, Moorea, BP 244 98728 French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Biodiversity Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Berkeley Institute for Data Science,190 Doe Library, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Field, Dawn" sort="Field, Dawn" uniqKey="Field D" first="Dawn" last="Field">Dawn Field</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Biodiversity Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gavaghan, David" sort="Gavaghan, David" uniqKey="Gavaghan D" first="David" last="Gavaghan">David Gavaghan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Computational Biology Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Wolfson Building, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holbrook, Sally J" sort="Holbrook, Sally J" uniqKey="Holbrook S" first="Sally J." last="Holbrook">Sally J. Holbrook</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and the Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Planes, Serge" sort="Planes, Serge" uniqKey="Planes S" first="Serge" last="Planes">Serge Planes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Laboratoire d’Excellence CORAIL, USR 3278 CNRS—EPHE—UPVD, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), Papetoai, Moorea BP 1013 - 98 729 French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Troyer, Matthias" sort="Troyer, Matthias" uniqKey="Troyer M" first="Matthias" last="Troyer">Matthias Troyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Institute for Theoretical Physics and Platform for Advanced Scientific Computation, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093 Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonsall, Michael" sort="Bonsall, Michael" uniqKey="Bonsall M" first="Michael" last="Bonsall">Michael Bonsall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Biodiversity Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Claudet, Joachim" sort="Claudet, Joachim" uniqKey="Claudet J" first="Joachim" last="Claudet">Joachim Claudet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Laboratoire d’Excellence CORAIL, USR 3278 CNRS—EPHE—UPVD, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), Papetoai, Moorea BP 1013 - 98 729 French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roderick, George" sort="Roderick, George" uniqKey="Roderick G" first="George" last="Roderick">George Roderick</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmitt, Russell J" sort="Schmitt, Russell J" uniqKey="Schmitt R" first="Russell J." last="Schmitt">Russell J. Schmitt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and the Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zettler, Linda Amaral" sort="Zettler, Linda Amaral" uniqKey="Zettler L" first="Linda Amaral" last="Zettler">Linda Amaral Zettler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9">The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berteaux, Veronique" sort="Berteaux, Veronique" uniqKey="Berteaux V" first="Véronique" last="Berteaux">Véronique Berteaux</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Laboratoire d’Excellence CORAIL, USR 3278 CNRS—EPHE—UPVD, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), Papetoai, Moorea BP 1013 - 98 729 French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bossin, Herve C" sort="Bossin, Herve C" uniqKey="Bossin H" first="Hervé C." last="Bossin">Hervé C. Bossin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10">Unit of Medical Entomology, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, BP 30, 98713 French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cabasse, Charlotte" sort="Cabasse, Charlotte" uniqKey="Cabasse C" first="Charlotte" last="Cabasse">Charlotte Cabasse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Berkeley Institute for Data Science,190 Doe Library, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collin, Antoine" sort="Collin, Antoine" uniqKey="Collin A" first="Antoine" last="Collin">Antoine Collin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratory of Coastal Geomorphology and Environment, Dinard, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deck, John" sort="Deck, John" uniqKey="Deck J" first="John" last="Deck">John Deck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Berkeley Natural History Museums, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dell, Tony" sort="Dell, Tony" uniqKey="Dell T" first="Tony" last="Dell">Tony Dell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff13">National Great Rivers Research and Education Center (NGRREC), One Confluence Way, East Alton, IL 62024 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dunne, Jennifer" sort="Dunne, Jennifer" uniqKey="Dunne J" first="Jennifer" last="Dunne">Jennifer Dunne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14">Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gates, Ruth" sort="Gates, Ruth" uniqKey="Gates R" first="Ruth" last="Gates">Ruth Gates</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff15">Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harfoot, Mike" sort="Harfoot, Mike" uniqKey="Harfoot M" first="Mike" last="Harfoot">Mike Harfoot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16">United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hench, James L" sort="Hench, James L" uniqKey="Hench J" first="James L." last="Hench">James L. Hench</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hopuare, Marania" sort="Hopuare, Marania" uniqKey="Hopuare M" first="Marania" last="Hopuare">Marania Hopuare</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Laboratoire GePaSud, Université de la Polynésie Française, Tahiti, BP6570, 98702 Faa’a French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirch, Patrick" sort="Kirch, Patrick" uniqKey="Kirch P" first="Patrick" last="Kirch">Patrick Kirch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff19">Department of Anthropology, University of California, 232 Kroeber Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kotoulas, Georgios" sort="Kotoulas, Georgios" uniqKey="Kotoulas G" first="Georgios" last="Kotoulas">Georgios Kotoulas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Gournes Pediados, PO Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete GR 710 03 Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kosenkov, Alex" sort="Kosenkov, Alex" uniqKey="Kosenkov A" first="Alex" last="Kosenkov">Alex Kosenkov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Institute for Theoretical Physics and Platform for Advanced Scientific Computation, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093 Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kusenko, Alex" sort="Kusenko, Alex" uniqKey="Kusenko A" first="Alex" last="Kusenko">Alex Kusenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leichter, James J" sort="Leichter, James J" uniqKey="Leichter J" first="James J." last="Leichter">James J. Leichter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff22">Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lenihan, Hunter" sort="Lenihan, Hunter" uniqKey="Lenihan H" first="Hunter" last="Lenihan">Hunter Lenihan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff23">Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, 3428 Bren Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magoulas, Antonios" sort="Magoulas, Antonios" uniqKey="Magoulas A" first="Antonios" last="Magoulas">Antonios Magoulas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Gournes Pediados, PO Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete GR 710 03 Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez, Neo" sort="Martinez, Neo" uniqKey="Martinez N" first="Neo" last="Martinez">Neo Martinez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff24">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff25">Pacific Ecoinformatics and Computational Ecology Lab, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Chris" sort="Meyer, Chris" uniqKey="Meyer C" first="Chris" last="Meyer">Chris Meyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff26">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC-163, Washington, DC 20013 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stoll, Benoit" sort="Stoll, Benoit" uniqKey="Stoll B" first="Benoit" last="Stoll">Benoit Stoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Laboratoire GePaSud, Université de la Polynésie Française, Tahiti, BP6570, 98702 Faa’a French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swalla, Billie" sort="Swalla, Billie" uniqKey="Swalla B" first="Billie" last="Swalla">Billie Swalla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tartakovsky, Daniel M" sort="Tartakovsky, Daniel M" uniqKey="Tartakovsky D" first="Daniel M." last="Tartakovsky">Daniel M. Tartakovsky</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff28">Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murphy, Hinano Teavai" sort="Murphy, Hinano Teavai" uniqKey="Murphy H" first="Hinano Teavai" last="Murphy">Hinano Teavai Murphy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff29">Atitia Center, Gump Station, University of California Berkeley, Moorea, BP 244 98728 French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turyshev, Slava" sort="Turyshev, Slava" uniqKey="Turyshev S" first="Slava" last="Turyshev">Slava Turyshev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff30">NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff31">Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valdvinos, Fernanda" sort="Valdvinos, Fernanda" uniqKey="Valdvinos F" first="Fernanda" last="Valdvinos">Fernanda Valdvinos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff24">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Rich" sort="Williams, Rich" uniqKey="Williams R" first="Rich" last="Williams">Rich Williams</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff32">Vibrant Data Inc., 943 Clay Street, San Francisco, Calfornia 94108 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, Spencer" sort="Wood, Spencer" uniqKey="Wood S" first="Spencer" last="Wood">Spencer Wood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff33">School for Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26998258</idno><idno type="pmc">4797119</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4797119</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4797119</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s13742-016-0118-5</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000150</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Simulating social-ecological systems: the Island Digital Ecosystem Avatars (IDEA) consortium</title><author><name sortKey="Davies, Neil" sort="Davies, Neil" uniqKey="Davies N" first="Neil" last="Davies">Neil Davies</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Gump South Pacific Research Station, University of California Berkeley, Moorea, BP 244 98728 French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Biodiversity Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Berkeley Institute for Data Science,190 Doe Library, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Field, Dawn" sort="Field, Dawn" uniqKey="Field D" first="Dawn" last="Field">Dawn Field</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Biodiversity Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gavaghan, David" sort="Gavaghan, David" uniqKey="Gavaghan D" first="David" last="Gavaghan">David Gavaghan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Computational Biology Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Wolfson Building, Oxford, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holbrook, Sally J" sort="Holbrook, Sally J" uniqKey="Holbrook S" first="Sally J." last="Holbrook">Sally J. Holbrook</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and the Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Planes, Serge" sort="Planes, Serge" uniqKey="Planes S" first="Serge" last="Planes">Serge Planes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Laboratoire d’Excellence CORAIL, USR 3278 CNRS—EPHE—UPVD, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), Papetoai, Moorea BP 1013 - 98 729 French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Troyer, Matthias" sort="Troyer, Matthias" uniqKey="Troyer M" first="Matthias" last="Troyer">Matthias Troyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Institute for Theoretical Physics and Platform for Advanced Scientific Computation, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093 Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonsall, Michael" sort="Bonsall, Michael" uniqKey="Bonsall M" first="Michael" last="Bonsall">Michael Bonsall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Biodiversity Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Claudet, Joachim" sort="Claudet, Joachim" uniqKey="Claudet J" first="Joachim" last="Claudet">Joachim Claudet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Laboratoire d’Excellence CORAIL, USR 3278 CNRS—EPHE—UPVD, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), Papetoai, Moorea BP 1013 - 98 729 French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roderick, George" sort="Roderick, George" uniqKey="Roderick G" first="George" last="Roderick">George Roderick</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmitt, Russell J" sort="Schmitt, Russell J" uniqKey="Schmitt R" first="Russell J." last="Schmitt">Russell J. Schmitt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and the Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zettler, Linda Amaral" sort="Zettler, Linda Amaral" uniqKey="Zettler L" first="Linda Amaral" last="Zettler">Linda Amaral Zettler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9">The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berteaux, Veronique" sort="Berteaux, Veronique" uniqKey="Berteaux V" first="Véronique" last="Berteaux">Véronique Berteaux</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Laboratoire d’Excellence CORAIL, USR 3278 CNRS—EPHE—UPVD, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), Papetoai, Moorea BP 1013 - 98 729 French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bossin, Herve C" sort="Bossin, Herve C" uniqKey="Bossin H" first="Hervé C." last="Bossin">Hervé C. Bossin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10">Unit of Medical Entomology, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, BP 30, 98713 French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cabasse, Charlotte" sort="Cabasse, Charlotte" uniqKey="Cabasse C" first="Charlotte" last="Cabasse">Charlotte Cabasse</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Berkeley Institute for Data Science,190 Doe Library, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collin, Antoine" sort="Collin, Antoine" uniqKey="Collin A" first="Antoine" last="Collin">Antoine Collin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratory of Coastal Geomorphology and Environment, Dinard, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deck, John" sort="Deck, John" uniqKey="Deck J" first="John" last="Deck">John Deck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Berkeley Natural History Museums, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dell, Tony" sort="Dell, Tony" uniqKey="Dell T" first="Tony" last="Dell">Tony Dell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff13">National Great Rivers Research and Education Center (NGRREC), One Confluence Way, East Alton, IL 62024 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dunne, Jennifer" sort="Dunne, Jennifer" uniqKey="Dunne J" first="Jennifer" last="Dunne">Jennifer Dunne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14">Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gates, Ruth" sort="Gates, Ruth" uniqKey="Gates R" first="Ruth" last="Gates">Ruth Gates</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff15">Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harfoot, Mike" sort="Harfoot, Mike" uniqKey="Harfoot M" first="Mike" last="Harfoot">Mike Harfoot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16">United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hench, James L" sort="Hench, James L" uniqKey="Hench J" first="James L." last="Hench">James L. Hench</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hopuare, Marania" sort="Hopuare, Marania" uniqKey="Hopuare M" first="Marania" last="Hopuare">Marania Hopuare</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Laboratoire GePaSud, Université de la Polynésie Française, Tahiti, BP6570, 98702 Faa’a French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirch, Patrick" sort="Kirch, Patrick" uniqKey="Kirch P" first="Patrick" last="Kirch">Patrick Kirch</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff19">Department of Anthropology, University of California, 232 Kroeber Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kotoulas, Georgios" sort="Kotoulas, Georgios" uniqKey="Kotoulas G" first="Georgios" last="Kotoulas">Georgios Kotoulas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Gournes Pediados, PO Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete GR 710 03 Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kosenkov, Alex" sort="Kosenkov, Alex" uniqKey="Kosenkov A" first="Alex" last="Kosenkov">Alex Kosenkov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Institute for Theoretical Physics and Platform for Advanced Scientific Computation, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093 Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kusenko, Alex" sort="Kusenko, Alex" uniqKey="Kusenko A" first="Alex" last="Kusenko">Alex Kusenko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leichter, James J" sort="Leichter, James J" uniqKey="Leichter J" first="James J." last="Leichter">James J. Leichter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff22">Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lenihan, Hunter" sort="Lenihan, Hunter" uniqKey="Lenihan H" first="Hunter" last="Lenihan">Hunter Lenihan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff23">Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, 3428 Bren Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magoulas, Antonios" sort="Magoulas, Antonios" uniqKey="Magoulas A" first="Antonios" last="Magoulas">Antonios Magoulas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Gournes Pediados, PO Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete GR 710 03 Greece</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez, Neo" sort="Martinez, Neo" uniqKey="Martinez N" first="Neo" last="Martinez">Neo Martinez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff24">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff25">Pacific Ecoinformatics and Computational Ecology Lab, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Chris" sort="Meyer, Chris" uniqKey="Meyer C" first="Chris" last="Meyer">Chris Meyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff26">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC-163, Washington, DC 20013 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stoll, Benoit" sort="Stoll, Benoit" uniqKey="Stoll B" first="Benoit" last="Stoll">Benoit Stoll</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Laboratoire GePaSud, Université de la Polynésie Française, Tahiti, BP6570, 98702 Faa’a French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swalla, Billie" sort="Swalla, Billie" uniqKey="Swalla B" first="Billie" last="Swalla">Billie Swalla</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tartakovsky, Daniel M" sort="Tartakovsky, Daniel M" uniqKey="Tartakovsky D" first="Daniel M." last="Tartakovsky">Daniel M. Tartakovsky</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff28">Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murphy, Hinano Teavai" sort="Murphy, Hinano Teavai" uniqKey="Murphy H" first="Hinano Teavai" last="Murphy">Hinano Teavai Murphy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff29">Atitia Center, Gump Station, University of California Berkeley, Moorea, BP 244 98728 French Polynesia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turyshev, Slava" sort="Turyshev, Slava" uniqKey="Turyshev S" first="Slava" last="Turyshev">Slava Turyshev</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff30">NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff31">Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valdvinos, Fernanda" sort="Valdvinos, Fernanda" uniqKey="Valdvinos F" first="Fernanda" last="Valdvinos">Fernanda Valdvinos</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff24">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Rich" sort="Williams, Rich" uniqKey="Williams R" first="Rich" last="Williams">Rich Williams</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff32">Vibrant Data Inc., 943 Clay Street, San Francisco, Calfornia 94108 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wood, Spencer" sort="Wood, Spencer" uniqKey="Wood S" first="Spencer" last="Wood">Spencer Wood</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff33">School for Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">GigaScience</title><idno type="eISSN">2047-217X</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Systems biology promises to revolutionize medicine, yet human wellbeing is also inherently linked to healthy societies and environments (sustainability). The IDEA Consortium is a systems ecology open science initiative to conduct the basic scientific research needed to build use-oriented simulations (avatars) of entire social-ecological systems. Islands are the most scientifically tractable places for these studies and we begin with one of the best known: Moorea, French Polynesia. The Moorea IDEA will be a sustainability simulator modeling links and feedbacks between climate, environment, biodiversity, and human activities across a coupled marine–terrestrial landscape. As a model system, the resulting knowledge and tools will improve our ability to predict human and natural change on Moorea and elsewhere at scales relevant to management/conservation actions.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mace, G" uniqKey="Mace G">G Mace</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karr, Jr" uniqKey="Karr J">JR Karr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanghvi, Jc" uniqKey="Sanghvi J">JC Sanghvi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Macklin, Dn" uniqKey="Macklin D">DN Macklin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gutschow, Mv" uniqKey="Gutschow M">MV Gutschow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Jm" uniqKey="Jacobs J">JM Jacobs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bolival, B" uniqKey="Bolival B">B Bolival</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vitousek, 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Gigascience</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Gigascience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>GigaScience</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2047-217X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26998258</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4797119</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">118</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s13742-016-0118-5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Commentary</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Simulating social-ecological systems: the Island Digital Ecosystem Avatars (IDEA) consortium</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8085-5014</contrib-id><name><surname>Davies</surname><given-names>Neil</given-names></name><address><email>ndavies@moorea.berkeley.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Field</surname><given-names>Dawn</given-names></name><address><email>fiedawn@gmail.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gavaghan</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><address><email>david.gavaghan@dtc.ox.ac.uk</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Holbrook</surname><given-names>Sally J.</given-names></name><address><email>sally.holbrook@lifesci.ucsb.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Planes</surname><given-names>Serge</given-names></name><address><email>planes@univ-perp.fr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Troyer</surname><given-names>Matthias</given-names></name><address><email>troyer@phys.ethz.ch</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bonsall</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><address><email>michael.bonsall@zoo.ox.ac.uk</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Claudet</surname><given-names>Joachim</given-names></name><address><email>joachim.claudet@gmail.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Roderick</surname><given-names>George</given-names></name><address><email>roderick@berkeley.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff8"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schmitt</surname><given-names>Russell J.</given-names></name><address><email>russ.schmitt@lifesci.ucsb.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zettler</surname><given-names>Linda Amaral</given-names></name><address><email>amaral@mbl.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff9"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Berteaux</surname><given-names>Véronique</given-names></name><address><email>veronique.berteaux@criobe.pf</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bossin</surname><given-names>Hervé C.</given-names></name><address><email>hbossin@ilm.pf</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff10"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cabasse</surname><given-names>Charlotte</given-names></name><address><email>charlottecabasse@berkeley.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Collin</surname><given-names>Antoine</given-names></name><address><email>antoinecollin1@gmail.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff11"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deck</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><address><email>jdeck@berkeley.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff12"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dell</surname><given-names>Tony</given-names></name><address><email>tonyidell@gmail.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff13"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dunne</surname><given-names>Jennifer</given-names></name><address><email>jdunne@santafe.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff14"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gates</surname><given-names>Ruth</given-names></name><address><email>rgates@hawaii.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff15"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harfoot</surname><given-names>Mike</given-names></name><address><email>mike.harfoot@unep-wcmc.org</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff16"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hench</surname><given-names>James L.</given-names></name><address><email>jim.hench@duke.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff17"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hopuare</surname><given-names>Marania</given-names></name><address><email>marania.hopuare@upf.pf</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff18"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kirch</surname><given-names>Patrick</given-names></name><address><email>kirch@berkeley.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff19"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kotoulas</surname><given-names>Georgios</given-names></name><address><email>kotoulas@hcmr.gr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff20"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kosenkov</surname><given-names>Alex</given-names></name><address><email>kosenkov@itp.phys.ethz.ch</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kusenko</surname><given-names>Alex</given-names></name><address><email>kusenko@ucla.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff21"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leichter</surname><given-names>James J.</given-names></name><address><email>jleichter@ucsd.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff22"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lenihan</surname><given-names>Hunter</given-names></name><address><email>lenihan@bren.ucsb.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff23"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Magoulas</surname><given-names>Antonios</given-names></name><address><email>magoulas@hcmr.gr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff20"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martinez</surname><given-names>Neo</given-names></name><address><email>neomartinez@email.arizona.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff24"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff25"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meyer</surname><given-names>Chris</given-names></name><address><email>meyerc@si.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff26"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stoll</surname><given-names>Benoit</given-names></name><address><email>benoit.stoll@upf.pf</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff18"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Swalla</surname><given-names>Billie</given-names></name><address><email>bjswalla@u.washington.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff27"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tartakovsky</surname><given-names>Daniel M.</given-names></name><address><email>dmt@ucsd.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff28"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Murphy</surname><given-names>Hinano Teavai</given-names></name><address><email>hinanomurphy@gmail.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff29"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Turyshev</surname><given-names>Slava</given-names></name><address><email>turyshev@physics.ucla.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff30"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff31"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Valdvinos</surname><given-names>Fernanda</given-names></name><address><email>fevaldovinos@gmail.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff24"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Williams</surname><given-names>Rich</given-names></name><address><email>rich4669@gmail.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff32"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wood</surname><given-names>Spencer</given-names></name><address><email>wood@zoology.ubc.ca</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff33"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>IDEA Consortium</collab><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff34"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff35"></xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label></label>Gump South Pacific Research Station, University of California Berkeley, Moorea, BP 244 98728 French Polynesia</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label></label>Biodiversity Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label></label>Berkeley Institute for Data Science,190 Doe Library, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label></label>Computational Biology Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Wolfson Building, Oxford, UK</aff><aff id="Aff5"><label></label>Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and the Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA</aff><aff id="Aff6"><label></label>Laboratoire d’Excellence CORAIL, USR 3278 CNRS—EPHE—UPVD, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), Papetoai, Moorea BP 1013 - 98 729 French Polynesia</aff><aff id="Aff7"><label></label>Institute for Theoretical Physics and Platform for Advanced Scientific Computation, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093 Switzerland</aff><aff id="Aff8"><label></label>Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</aff><aff id="Aff9"><label></label>The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA</aff><aff id="Aff10"><label></label>Unit of Medical Entomology, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, BP 30, 98713 French Polynesia</aff><aff id="Aff11"><label></label>Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratory of Coastal Geomorphology and Environment, Dinard, France</aff><aff id="Aff12"><label></label>Berkeley Natural History Museums, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</aff><aff id="Aff13"><label></label>National Great Rivers Research and Education Center (NGRREC), One Confluence Way, East Alton, IL 62024 USA</aff><aff id="Aff14"><label></label>Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA</aff><aff id="Aff15"><label></label>Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA</aff><aff id="Aff16"><label></label>United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL UK</aff><aff id="Aff17"><label></label>Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA</aff><aff id="Aff18"><label></label>Laboratoire GePaSud, Université de la Polynésie Française, Tahiti, BP6570, 98702 Faa’a French Polynesia</aff><aff id="Aff19"><label></label>Department of Anthropology, University of California, 232 Kroeber Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA</aff><aff id="Aff20"><label></label>Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Gournes Pediados, PO Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete GR 710 03 Greece</aff><aff id="Aff21"><label></label>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</aff><aff id="Aff22"><label></label>Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA</aff><aff id="Aff23"><label></label>Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, 3428 Bren Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA</aff><aff id="Aff24"><label></label>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA</aff><aff id="Aff25"><label></label>Pacific Ecoinformatics and Computational Ecology Lab, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA</aff><aff id="Aff26"><label></label>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC-163, Washington, DC 20013 USA</aff><aff id="Aff27"><label></label>Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA</aff><aff id="Aff28"><label></label>Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA</aff><aff id="Aff29"><label></label>Atitia Center, Gump Station, University of California Berkeley, Moorea, BP 244 98728 French Polynesia</aff><aff id="Aff30"><label></label>NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA</aff><aff id="Aff31"><label></label>Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA</aff><aff id="Aff32"><label></label>Vibrant Data Inc., 943 Clay Street, San Francisco, Calfornia 94108 USA</aff><aff id="Aff33"><label></label>School for Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA</aff><aff id="Aff34"><label></label>IDEA Consortium, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</aff><aff id="Aff35"><label></label><uri>http://MooreaIDEA.org/participants</uri></aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>3</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>17</day><month>3</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><elocation-id>14</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Davies et al. 2016</copyright-statement><license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><p>Systems biology promises to revolutionize medicine, yet human wellbeing is also inherently linked to healthy societies and environments (sustainability). The IDEA Consortium is a systems ecology open science initiative to conduct the basic scientific research needed to build use-oriented simulations (avatars) of entire social-ecological systems. Islands are the most scientifically tractable places for these studies and we begin with one of the best known: Moorea, French Polynesia. The Moorea IDEA will be a sustainability simulator modeling links and feedbacks between climate, environment, biodiversity, and human activities across a coupled marine–terrestrial landscape. As a model system, the resulting knowledge and tools will improve our ability to predict human and natural change on Moorea and elsewhere at scales relevant to management/conservation actions.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Computational ecology</kwd><kwd>Biodiversity</kwd><kwd>Genomics</kwd><kwd>Biocode</kwd><kwd>Earth observations</kwd><kwd>Social-ecological system</kwd><kwd>Ecosystem dynamics</kwd><kwd>Climate change scenarios</kwd><kwd>Predictive modeling</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000085</institution-id><institution>Directorate for Geosciences</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>OCE-1236905</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Schmitt</surname><given-names>Russell J.</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000088</institution-id><institution>Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>CNH-1313830</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Martinez</surname><given-names>Neo</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution>France Berkeley Fund</institution></funding-source><award-id>2014-0015</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Davies</surname><given-names>Neil</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution>ETH Zurich</institution></funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution>CRIOBE</institution></funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="FundRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001</institution-id><institution>National Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>OCE-1325652</award-id><principal-award-recipient><name><surname>Holbrook</surname><given-names>Sally J.</given-names></name></principal-award-recipient></award-group></funding-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2016</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="Sec1"><title>Background</title><p>High-throughput data collection techniques and large-scale computing are transforming our understanding of ecosystems, making convergent scientific frameworks a research priority [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>]. As human activities increasingly impact ecosystem processes, we need new approaches that focus on how whole communities of organisms interact with people and the physical environment at the scale of landscapes or catchments [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>]. This requires an e-infrastructure for data intensive science that enables the integration of computational physics, chemistry, biology, ecology, economics and other social sciences. Such an advance would allow researchers to (1) characterize the multidisciplinary functional attributes of social-ecological systems; (2) quantify the relationships between those functional attributes under historic and current conditions; and (3) model the trajectories of goods and services under a range of policy-driven scenarios and future environmental conditions. The resulting knowledge would improve our ability to predict human and natural change at scales relevant to management/conservation actions.</p><p>Unlike some aspects of climate change, processes related to biodiversity and ecosystem services are “typically place-based and many of the effects are seen at sub-global scales” [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>]. Inspired by successes in modeling complex systems at other scales of organization, notably the cell [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>], the Island Digital Ecosystem Avatars (IDEA) Consortium aims to build computer simulations (‘avatars’) to the scale of whole social-ecological systems. With a common boundary constraining their physical, ecological, and social networks, islands have long been recognized as model systems for ecology and evolution [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR5">5</xref>]. Their geography sets clear limits on the species to inventory, space holders (ground cover) to measure, organisms to count, physical–chemical contexts to characterize, and natural–human interactions to consider. The knowledge and cyberinfrastructure developed for island avatars, and complementary efforts targeting major cities like Singapore [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>] and New York [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR7">7</xref>], will eventually scale to countries and regions, including their associated coastal waters. Island avatars are built from the genome up, while at the same time downscaling regional models to establish boundary conditions. They address many of the challenges faced by macrosystems ecology [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>], and general ecosystem models [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR9">9</xref>]. Indeed, an Earth Avatar would converge on the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR10">10</xref>] and Future Earth [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR11">11</xref>]. The IDEA approach, however, avoids overwhelming complexity, instead concentrating effort on the simplest social–ecological systems that include most of the data types covered by GEOSS, and many of the processes found globally.</p><sec id="Sec2"><title>Moorea IDEA</title><p>The small island of Moorea (134 km<sup>2</sup>) in French Polynesia is well placed for a proof-of-concept study. About 15 km northwest of Tahiti with a population of ~17,000, Moorea is perhaps the best studied island in the world [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR12">12</xref>] thanks to several decades of activity at its two research stations (CNRS-EPHE CRIOBE [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR13">13</xref>], and the University of California (UC) Berkeley Gump Station [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR14">14</xref>]), which respectively house France’s Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Research (LabEx CORAIL [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR15">15</xref>]), and the US National Science Foundation’s only coral reef Long-Term Ecological Research (MCR LTER) site [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR16">16</xref>], which is administered by UC Santa Barbara. Additionally, the Moorea Biocode Project [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR17">17</xref>] has characterized every species (>1 mm) on the island, including genetic sequences, museum specimens, and digital photographs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR18">18</xref>]. While there is still much more to learn, especially concerning the vastly diverse microbes [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR19">19</xref>] and human systems, the existing physical and biotic databases provide a powerful foundation for whole system ecological modeling. Combined with a wealth of data on the resilience of Moorea’s ecosystems, including the response of its coral reefs to large-scale perturbations [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR20">20</xref>] and the evolution of Polynesian society [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR21">21</xref>], Moorea has many of the characteristics needed to advance systems ecology and sustainability science [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR22">22</xref>].</p><p>The Moorea IDEA aims to understand how biodiversity, ecosystem services, and society will co-evolve over the next several decades depending upon what actions are taken. Specifically, we ask: (1) what is the physical, biological, and social state of the island system today? (2) How did it get to this point? (3) What is its future under alternative scenarios of environmental change and human activity, including conservation efforts? These questions are addressed through a place-based data science infrastructure and computational platform (Fig. <xref rid="Fig1" ref-type="fig">1</xref>). The Moorea Avatar is the best digital representation of the island; a three-dimensional visualization of Moorea that looks similar to the one on Google Earth, but which includes the dimension of time and enables researchers to zoom into a location, access data, and run simulations. Today’s island represents the key baseline because the majority of the modeling data needed are not available for historic time periods. The Avatar computational platform allows other versions of Moorea to be generated and visualized <italic>in silico</italic> for a range of purposes. This involves the integration of physical, biological, and social data [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR12">12</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR21">21</xref>], and drawing on best-available scientific knowledge to show what the island looked like in the past (using historic baselines to explore particular issues), and to predict how it might look in the future. Unlike video games, our projections are constrained by reality and are intended not only for research and education, but also to support scenario-based planning; helping local communities adapt to environmental change and maximize ecological resilience. Our goal is to emulate P4 Medicine, extending to social–ecological–physical systems the Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, and Participatory approach that promises to revolutionize the biomedical field [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR23">23</xref>].<fig id="Fig1"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>The data-driven avatar communicates knowledge through a Graphical User Interface (GUI) customized for different stakeholders. Their improved understanding in turn generates new hypotheses to test and new simulations to run, thus driving further data collection</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="13742_2016_118_Fig1_HTML" id="MO1"></graphic></fig></p><p>Working with the local population to co-develop island avatars as “boundary objects” [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR24">24</xref>] is critical to ensuring that the simulations are useful, credible and legitimate. Non-scientist stakeholders take joint ownership of their avatar by prioritizing the policies to simulate (e.g., conservation plans), and by contributing traditional/local knowledge and data. The participatory approach includes citizen science, taking advantage of newly affordable technologies and helping reconnect people with natural processes through observation and experiential learning.</p></sec><sec id="Sec3"><title>Organization</title><p>The Moorea IDEA was initiated by researchers associated with the UC Berkeley Gump Research Station and CRIOBE, through a workshop at the Pauli Center for Theoretical Studies, ETH Zurich, in November 2013. The Consortium now includes more than 80 scientists from around the world, representing the physical, biological, social, computer and information sciences. Institutional nodes (more than 20) form its governing body, which is currently led by an Executive Committee representing the founding institutions. The Consortium addresses convergent research questions across areas of societal interest (energy, water, nutrients, biodiversity, food and nutrition, and health) through five overlapping and interlinked working groups (Table <xref rid="Tab1" ref-type="table">1</xref>). The Moorea IDEA has gained support from the Municipality of Moorea and the territorial government of French Polynesia. In the future, other islands could join to form a network that shares the generally applicable tools and approaches generated by the IDEA Consortium. For example, the nearby atoll Tetiaroa constitutes a worthwhile comparison to Moorea. Further afield, and reflecting the ambition to scale to larger places, scientists and government officials from Crete have expressed a strong interest in the project.<table-wrap id="Tab1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Research priorities of the IDEA Consortium</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Working group</th><th>Task</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1. Data science</td><td>Integrating diverse data sources, coupling models, and visualizing information</td></tr><tr><td>2. Physical modeling</td><td>Oceanic and atmospheric forcing, and physical-chemical properties and fluxes</td></tr><tr><td>3. Genes to ecosystems</td><td>Biodiversity dynamics, evolutionary processes, and ecological interactions</td></tr><tr><td>4. Social-ecological systems</td><td>Coupling past, present, and future ecosystems to human activities</td></tr><tr><td>5. Simulations, synthesis, and service</td><td>Use-oriented avatar as a platform for data exploration, scenario-based planning, and education</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></p></sec></sec><sec id="Sec4"><title>Conclusions</title><p>The new Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) has prioritized an assessment on the “Modeling of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services” [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR25">25</xref>]. Addressing this grand challenge will require computational models of place that are able to simulate alternative scenarios and visualize likely outcomes for scientists, policymakers, and the public [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR26">26</xref>]. Big data, computational ecology, and sophisticated simulation platforms cannot solve all of the world’s problems, but harnessing scalable technology addresses the lack of capacity in local knowledge management systems, and can help illuminate pathways to sustainability. In an era in which society is seeking to transition to clean energy and sustainable economic growth, knowledge of the pathways to these futures is needed, along with showcases demonstrating that such change is possible. At least initially, examples are more likely to come from islands and cities than large regions and countries. Islands are disproportionately affected by global change and epitomize the coastal zones where most of humanity lives. They serve as models for continental regions and, ultimately, for our common island home: planet Earth.</p></sec></body><back><glossary><title>Abbreviations</title><def-list><def-item><term>CRIOBE</term><def><p>Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l’Environnement (Center for Island Research and Environmental Observatory)</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>GEO</term><def><p>Group on earth observations</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>GEOSS</term><def><p>Global Earth Observation System of Systems</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>IDEA</term><def><p>Island Digital Ecosystem Avatars</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>IPBES</term><def><p>International panel on biodiversity and ecosystem services</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>LTER</term><def><p>Long Term Ecological Research</p></def></def-item></def-list></glossary><fn-group><fn><p><bold>Competing interests</bold></p><p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p></fn><fn><p><bold>Authors’ contributions</bold></p><p>ND drafted the original text with DF, DG, SH, SP and MT (representing the five founding institutions of the IDEA Consortium). Other co-authors contributed to the text and/or participated in Consortium workshops that developed the concepts presented here. JLH developed the first draft of Fig. <xref rid="Fig1" ref-type="fig">1</xref>. A full list of IDEA Consortium members supporting the concepts described herein can be found on the Moorea IDEA website [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR27">27</xref>]. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.</p></fn></fn-group><ack><sec id="FPar1"><title>Funding</title><p>This paper is a contribution of CRIOBE and the Gump South Pacific Research Station (#213). Work was supported in part by: the Institute of Theoretical Physics and the Pauli Center at ETH Zurich; the US National Science Foundation (NSF Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research Site, OCE-1236905; Socio-Ecosystem Dynamics of Natural-Human Networks on Model Islands, CNH-1313830; Coastal SEES: Adaptive Capacity, Resilience, and Coral Reef State Shifts in Social-ecological Systems, OCE-1325652, OCE-1325554); the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Berkeley Initiative in Global Change Biology; Genomic Standards Consortium); Courtney Ross and the Ross Institute; UC Berkeley Vice Chancellor for Research; CRIOBE; and the France Berkeley Fund (FBF 2014-0015).</p></sec></ack><ref-list id="Bib1"><title>References</title><ref id="CR1"><label>1.</label><element-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>National Research Council</collab></person-group><source>Convergence: facilitating transdisciplinary integration of life sciences, physical sciences, engineering, and beyond</source><year>2014</year><publisher-loc>Washington DC</publisher-loc><publisher-name>The National Academies Press</publisher-name></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR2"><label>2.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mace</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Ecology must evolve</article-title><source>Nature</source><year>2013</year><volume>503</volume><fpage>191</fpage><lpage>2</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/503191a</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24236316</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other">Duraiappah AK, Rogers, D. 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