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BaMBa: towards the integrated management of Brazilian marine environmental data

Identifieur interne : 000053 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000052; suivant : 000054

BaMBa: towards the integrated management of Brazilian marine environmental data

Auteurs : Pedro Milet Meirelles ; Luiz M. R. Gadelha ; Ronaldo Bastos Francini-Filho ; Rodrigo Leão De Moura ; Gilberto Menezes Amado-Filho ; Alex Cardoso Bastos ; Rodolfo Pinheiro Da Rocha Paranhos ; Carlos Eduardo Rezende ; Jean Swings ; Eduardo Siegle ; Nils Edvin Asp Neto ; Sigrid Neumann Leitão ; Ricardo Coutinho ; Marta Mattoso ; Paulo S. Salomon ; Rogério A. B. Valle ; Renato Crespo Pereira ; Ricardo Henrique Kruger ; Cristiane Thompson ; Fabiano L. Thompson

Source :

RBID : PMC:4600340

Abstract

A new open access database, Brazilian Marine Biodiversity (BaMBa) (https://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br), was developed in order to maintain large datasets from the Brazilian marine environment. Essentially, any environmental information can be added to BaMBa. Certified datasets obtained from integrated holistic studies, comprising physical–chemical parameters, -omics, microbiology, benthic and fish surveys can be deposited in the new database, enabling scientific, industrial and governmental policies and actions to be undertaken on marine resources. There is a significant number of databases, however BaMBa is the only integrated database resource both supported by a government initiative and exclusive for marine data. BaMBa is linked to the Information System on Brazilian Biodiversity (SiBBr, http://www.sibbr.gov.br/) and will offer opportunities for improved governance of marine resources and scientists’ integration.

Database URL: http://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br


Url:
DOI: 10.1093/database/bav088
PubMed: 26454874
PubMed Central: 4600340

Links to Exploration step

PMC:4600340

Le document en format XML

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<name sortKey="Swings, Jean" sort="Swings, Jean" uniqKey="Swings J" first="Jean" last="Swings">Jean Swings</name>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF9">Institute of Coastal Studies, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. - Bairro Aldeia, UFPA/Campus Universitário de Bragança Aldeia, 68600-000 - Braganca, PA, Brasil,</nlm:aff>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF10">Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av Arquitetura, S/N, Cidade Universitaria, 50670-901 - Recife, PE, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
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<name sortKey="Kruger, Ricardo Henrique" sort="Kruger, Ricardo Henrique" uniqKey="Kruger R" first="Ricardo Henrique" last="Kruger">Ricardo Henrique Kruger</name>
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<name sortKey="Thompson, Cristiane" sort="Thompson, Cristiane" uniqKey="Thompson C" first="Cristiane" last="Thompson">Cristiane Thompson</name>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF1">Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Sala A1-050, Bloco A do CCS Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF3">National Laboratory for Scientific Computing (LNCC), Av. Getúlio Vargas 333, Quitandinha, 25651-075 - Petropolis, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
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<name sortKey="Thompson, Fabiano L" sort="Thompson, Fabiano L" uniqKey="Thompson F" first="Fabiano L." last="Thompson">Fabiano L. Thompson</name>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF1">Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Sala A1-050, Bloco A do CCS Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF4">Department of Environment and Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, Rio Tinto, Brazil (UFPB), Rua da Mangueira, s/n - Campus IV (Litoral Norte), Centro, 58297-000 - Rio Tinto, PB, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF1">Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Sala A1-050, Bloco A do CCS Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
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<name sortKey="Amado Filho, Gilberto Menezes" sort="Amado Filho, Gilberto Menezes" uniqKey="Amado Filho G" first="Gilberto Menezes" last="Amado-Filho">Gilberto Menezes Amado-Filho</name>
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<name sortKey="Bastos, Alex Cardoso" sort="Bastos, Alex Cardoso" uniqKey="Bastos A" first="Alex Cardoso" last="Bastos">Alex Cardoso Bastos</name>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF6">Department of Oceanography and Ecology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, 29090-600 - Vitória, ES Brazil,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Paranhos, Rodolfo Pinheiro Da Rocha" sort="Paranhos, Rodolfo Pinheiro Da Rocha" uniqKey="Paranhos R" first="Rodolfo Pinheiro Da Rocha" last="Paranhos">Rodolfo Pinheiro Da Rocha Paranhos</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF1">Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Sala A1-050, Bloco A do CCS Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Rezende, Carlos Eduardo" sort="Rezende, Carlos Eduardo" uniqKey="Rezende C" first="Carlos Eduardo" last="Rezende">Carlos Eduardo Rezende</name>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF7">Environmental Sciences Laboratory (LCA), Northern Rio de Janeiro State University Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 - Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Swings, Jean" sort="Swings, Jean" uniqKey="Swings J" first="Jean" last="Swings">Jean Swings</name>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF2">Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) / COPPE, SAGE, Rua Moniz Aragão 360, Bloco 2, Ilha do Fundão, 21945-972 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF8">Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, 05508-120 - Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Asp Neto, Nils Edvin" sort="Asp Neto, Nils Edvin" uniqKey="Asp Neto N" first="Nils Edvin" last="Asp Neto">Nils Edvin Asp Neto</name>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF9">Institute of Coastal Studies, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. - Bairro Aldeia, UFPA/Campus Universitário de Bragança Aldeia, 68600-000 - Braganca, PA, Brasil,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Leitao, Sigrid Neumann" sort="Leitao, Sigrid Neumann" uniqKey="Leitao S" first="Sigrid Neumann" last="Leitão">Sigrid Neumann Leitão</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coutinho, Ricardo" sort="Coutinho, Ricardo" uniqKey="Coutinho R" first="Ricardo" last="Coutinho">Ricardo Coutinho</name>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF11">Division of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Studies Institute Admiral Paulo Moreira, Rua Kioto 253, Praia dos Anjos, 28930-000 - Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Mattoso, Marta" sort="Mattoso, Marta" uniqKey="Mattoso M" first="Marta" last="Mattoso">Marta Mattoso</name>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF12">PESC/COPPE - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, sala 319, Ilha do Fundão, 21941972 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<name sortKey="Salomon, Paulo S" sort="Salomon, Paulo S" uniqKey="Salomon P" first="Paulo S." last="Salomon">Paulo S. Salomon</name>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF1">Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Sala A1-050, Bloco A do CCS Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF2">Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) / COPPE, SAGE, Rua Moniz Aragão 360, Bloco 2, Ilha do Fundão, 21945-972 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Valle, Rogerio A B" sort="Valle, Rogerio A B" uniqKey="Valle R" first="Rogério A. B." last="Valle">Rogério A. B. Valle</name>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF2">Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) / COPPE, SAGE, Rua Moniz Aragão 360, Bloco 2, Ilha do Fundão, 21945-972 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Pereira, Renato Crespo" sort="Pereira, Renato Crespo" uniqKey="Pereira R" first="Renato Crespo" last="Pereira">Renato Crespo Pereira</name>
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<nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="bav088-AFF13">Departament of Marine Biology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Morro do Valonguinho s/n, Centro, 24001-970 - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kruger, Ricardo Henrique" sort="Kruger, Ricardo Henrique" uniqKey="Kruger R" first="Ricardo Henrique" last="Kruger">Ricardo Henrique Kruger</name>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF14">Laboratory of Enzymology, Department of cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Asa Norte 70910-900 - Brasília, DF – Brazil</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thompson, Cristiane" sort="Thompson, Cristiane" uniqKey="Thompson C" first="Cristiane" last="Thompson">Cristiane Thompson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF1">Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Sala A1-050, Bloco A do CCS Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF3">National Laboratory for Scientific Computing (LNCC), Av. Getúlio Vargas 333, Quitandinha, 25651-075 - Petropolis, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thompson, Fabiano L" sort="Thompson, Fabiano L" uniqKey="Thompson F" first="Fabiano L." last="Thompson">Fabiano L. Thompson</name>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF1">Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Sala A1-050, Bloco A do CCS Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<nlm:aff id="bav088-AFF3">National Laboratory for Scientific Computing (LNCC), Av. Getúlio Vargas 333, Quitandinha, 25651-075 - Petropolis, RJ, Brazil,</nlm:aff>
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<title level="j">Database: The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation</title>
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<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>A new open access database, Brazilian Marine Biodiversity (BaMBa) (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br">https://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br</ext-link>
), was developed in order to maintain large datasets from the Brazilian marine environment. Essentially, any environmental information can be added to BaMBa. Certified datasets obtained from integrated holistic studies, comprising physical–chemical parameters, -omics, microbiology, benthic and fish surveys can be deposited in the new database, enabling scientific, industrial and governmental policies and actions to be undertaken on marine resources. There is a significant number of databases, however BaMBa is the only integrated database resource both supported by a government initiative and exclusive for marine data. BaMBa is linked to the Information System on Brazilian Biodiversity (SiBBr,
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sibbr.gov.br/">http://www.sibbr.gov.br/</ext-link>
) and will offer opportunities for improved governance of marine resources and scientists’ integration.</p>
<p>Database URL:
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br">http://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br</ext-link>
</p>
</div>
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<name sortKey="Piel, W H" uniqKey="Piel W">W.H. Piel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Donoghue, M" uniqKey="Donoghue M">M. Donoghue</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sanderson, M" uniqKey="Sanderson M">M Sanderson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Database (Oxford)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Database (Oxford)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">databa</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">databa</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Database: The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1758-0463</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26454874</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4600340</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/database/bav088</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">bav088</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Database Tool</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>BaMBa: towards the integrated management of Brazilian marine environmental data</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Meirelles</surname>
<given-names>Pedro Milet</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="bav088-FN1">
<sup></sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gadelha</surname>
<given-names>Luiz M. R.</given-names>
<suffix>Jr</suffix>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="bav088-FN1">
<sup></sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Francini-Filho</surname>
<given-names>Ronaldo Bastos</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>de Moura</surname>
<given-names>Rodrigo Leão</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Amado-Filho</surname>
<given-names>Gilberto Menezes</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bastos</surname>
<given-names>Alex Cardoso</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Paranhos</surname>
<given-names>Rodolfo Pinheiro da Rocha</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rezende</surname>
<given-names>Carlos Eduardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Swings</surname>
<given-names>Jean</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Siegle</surname>
<given-names>Eduardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Asp Neto</surname>
<given-names>Nils Edvin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Leitão</surname>
<given-names>Sigrid Neumann</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Coutinho</surname>
<given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mattoso</surname>
<given-names>Marta</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Salomon</surname>
<given-names>Paulo S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Valle</surname>
<given-names>Rogério A.B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pereira</surname>
<given-names>Renato Crespo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kruger</surname>
<given-names>Ricardo Henrique</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thompson</surname>
<given-names>Cristiane</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thompson</surname>
<given-names>Fabiano L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="bav088-AFF3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="bav088-COR1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="bav088-AFF1">
<sup>1</sup>
Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373 Sala A1-050, Bloco A do CCS Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</aff>
<aff id="bav088-AFF2">
<sup>2</sup>
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) / COPPE, SAGE, Rua Moniz Aragão 360, Bloco 2, Ilha do Fundão, 21945-972 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</aff>
<aff id="bav088-AFF3">
<sup>3</sup>
National Laboratory for Scientific Computing (LNCC), Av. Getúlio Vargas 333, Quitandinha, 25651-075 - Petropolis, RJ, Brazil,</aff>
<aff id="bav088-AFF4">
<sup>4</sup>
Department of Environment and Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, Rio Tinto, Brazil (UFPB), Rua da Mangueira, s/n - Campus IV (Litoral Norte), Centro, 58297-000 - Rio Tinto, PB, Brazil,</aff>
<aff id="bav088-AFF5">
<sup>5</sup>
Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute (IP-JBRJ), Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Horto, 22460-030 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</aff>
<aff id="bav088-AFF6">
<sup>6</sup>
Department of Oceanography and Ecology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, 29090-600 - Vitória, ES Brazil,</aff>
<aff id="bav088-AFF7">
<sup>7</sup>
Environmental Sciences Laboratory (LCA), Northern Rio de Janeiro State University Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Parque Califórnia, 28013-602 - Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil,</aff>
<aff id="bav088-AFF8">
<sup>8</sup>
Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, 05508-120 - Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil,</aff>
<aff id="bav088-AFF9">
<sup>9</sup>
Institute of Coastal Studies, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. - Bairro Aldeia, UFPA/Campus Universitário de Bragança Aldeia, 68600-000 - Braganca, PA, Brasil,</aff>
<aff id="bav088-AFF10">
<sup>10</sup>
Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av Arquitetura, S/N, Cidade Universitaria, 50670-901 - Recife, PE, Brazil,</aff>
<aff id="bav088-AFF11">
<sup>11</sup>
Division of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Studies Institute Admiral Paulo Moreira, Rua Kioto 253, Praia dos Anjos, 28930-000 - Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil,</aff>
<aff id="bav088-AFF12">
<sup>12</sup>
PESC/COPPE - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, sala 319, Ilha do Fundão, 21941972 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,</aff>
<aff id="bav088-AFF13">
<sup>13</sup>
Departament of Marine Biology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Morro do Valonguinho s/n, Centro, 24001-970 - Niteroi, RJ, Brazil, and</aff>
<aff id="bav088-AFF14">
<sup>14</sup>
Laboratory of Enzymology, Department of cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Asa Norte 70910-900 - Brasília, DF – Brazil</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="bav088-COR1">*Corresponding author: Tel:
<phone>+55 21 3938 6567</phone>
; Fax:
<fax>+55 21 3938 6567</fax>
; E-mail:
<email>fabianothompson1@gmail.com</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="bav088-FN1">
<p>
<sup></sup>
These authors have contributed equally to this work.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="bav088-FN2">
<p>Citation details: Meirelles,P.M., Gadelha,L.M.R., Francini-Filho,R.B.,
<italic>et al</italic>
. BaMBa: towards the integrated management of Brazilian marine environmental data.
<italic>Database</italic>
(2015) Vol. 2015: article ID bav088; doi:10.1093/database/bav088</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>10</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the . </pmc-comment>
<volume>2015</volume>
<elocation-id>bav088</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>26</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>9</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>24</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<license license-type="creative-commons" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>A new open access database, Brazilian Marine Biodiversity (BaMBa) (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br">https://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br</ext-link>
), was developed in order to maintain large datasets from the Brazilian marine environment. Essentially, any environmental information can be added to BaMBa. Certified datasets obtained from integrated holistic studies, comprising physical–chemical parameters, -omics, microbiology, benthic and fish surveys can be deposited in the new database, enabling scientific, industrial and governmental policies and actions to be undertaken on marine resources. There is a significant number of databases, however BaMBa is the only integrated database resource both supported by a government initiative and exclusive for marine data. BaMBa is linked to the Information System on Brazilian Biodiversity (SiBBr,
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sibbr.gov.br/">http://www.sibbr.gov.br/</ext-link>
) and will offer opportunities for improved governance of marine resources and scientists’ integration.</p>
<p>Database URL:
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br">http://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br</ext-link>
</p>
</abstract>
<counts>
<page-count count="10"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<p>Marine sciences are increasingly supported by advanced computational infrastructures both in terms of processing power (
<xref rid="bav088-B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
) and data management and storage capabilities (
<xref rid="bav088-B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>
). The availability of data on biodiversity and ecology is growing at a fast rate (
<xref rid="bav088-B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
,
<xref rid="bav088-B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>
) through global-scale data infrastructures such as Data Observation Network for Earth (DataONE) (
<xref rid="bav088-B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>
), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (
<xref rid="bav088-B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>
) and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) (
<xref rid="bav088-B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
). However, the complexity and range of environmental research data makes data management a difficult task (
<xref rid="bav088-B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>
). For instance, integrated reef systems studies require concomitant measurement of water and sediment chemistry, microbiology, -omics [i.e. (meta)genomics, (meta)transcriptomics and (meta)proteomics], benthic and fish surveys (
<xref rid="bav088-B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
,
<xref rid="bav088-B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>
). Despite a significant existing number of databases, an integrative database exclusive for marine environments does not exist yet. Current databases such as IMG (
<xref rid="bav088-B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>
), the Genomes OnLine Database (GOLD) (
<xref rid="bav088-B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>
) and the Metagenomic Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (MG-RAST) (
<xref rid="bav088-B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>
) allow -omics and metadata deposition, but lack important data from other compartments of the system, for the sustainable maintenance of the marine realm (e.g. macro- organismal and plankton data). IMG is a microbial genome and metagenome data management system that implements a data warehouse to store and analyse metagenomic sequences both functionally and taxonomically. MG-RAST is a large repository with over than 150 000 datasets and multiple search mechanisms that provides a metagenomics-processing pipeline through a web-based interface, also allowing for taxonomic and functional classification of sequenced organisms. The Brazilian Marine Biodiversity Database (BaMBa) was developed to allow for the publication and exploration of marine biodiversity data, including biotic, abiotic, and -omic sample analyses and species distributions. It provides dataset repositories for publishing data in standardized formats and an integrated database that harvest these datasets to provide an integrated view of marine biodiversity. Techniques and data models developed in previous works involving ecological data management, such as the Brazilian Information System on Antarctic Environmental Research (
<xref rid="bav088-B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>
) and the Guanabara Bay Long Term Ecological Research Database (
<xref rid="bav088-B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>
), were utilized in the development of BaMBa. These previous systems did not consider, however, the management of -omics data, which is now contemplated by BaMBa.</p>
<p>BaMBa was built and is being extended within a larger initiative of the Brazilian National Research Network on Marine Biotechnology (BiotecMar). The system is also connected to the Brazilian Biodiversity Information System (SiBBr) (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sibbr.gov.br">http://www.sibbr.gov.br</ext-link>
), an initiative of the Brazilian Ministry of Sciences (MCTI) in partnership with National Laboratory for Scientific Computing (LNCC), where long term and secure storage of data is guaranteed. Therefore, BaMBa is going to be useful in a national scientific, environmental, economic and governmental context. The tool will enable scientists working on the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ, the nearly 4.5 Million km
<sup>2</sup>
surrounding the Brazilian coast) to deposit and analyse their data in an integrated manner (
<xref rid="bav088-B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>
). BaMBa will unite data providing information on dominant benthic habitats in different locations of the EEZ. Integrated information directly available to stakeholders provides guidance for environment usage governance. Regulation and optimization of marine resources exploitation (i.e fishing, mineral, oil and gas extraction) are also facilitated by the rapid use of open access available data. For instance, recent studies have demonstrated the ecological and economic relevance of the rhodolith beds in Abrolhos Bank and in the Vitória-Trindade Chain (VTC) (
<xref rid="bav088-B18" ref-type="bibr">18–20</xref>
).</p>
<p>It was our aim was to develop a new integrated database, the Brazilian Marine Biodiversity Database (BaMBa), which allows integrated views of different data types concerning Brazilian marine environment, and is a potential tool to be used for improving governance of marine resources. BaMBa is focused on carefully curated and secured marine datasets.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods">
<title>Methods</title>
<p>BaMBa supports managing data obtained or derived from marine surveys such as the BiotecMar research group and others in an integrated manner. Sequences are extracted through high-throughput sequencing using water or material samples (
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="bav088-F1">Figure 1</xref>
). These are processed by services, such as MG-RAST and Find Organisms by Composition USage (FOCUS) (
<xref rid="bav088-B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>
), for functional analysis and taxonomic classification. The samples are also analysed in a laboratory for biotic measurements, such as bacterial counts and chlorophyll concentrations, and for abiotic measurements, such as organic and inorganic nutrient concentrations and also for elemental and isotopic composition (e.g. δ
<sup>13</sup>
C, δ
<sup>15</sup>
N, δ
<sup>18</sup>
O and others) and several biomarkers (e.g. lipids, amino acids, lignin phenols, hydrocarbon, others). Isolation of microorganisms (prokaryotes and protists e.g. microalgae) is conducted from field samples of water or holobionts using traditional agar-plating techniques and cutting edge fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The obtained culture collections of microbial strains are kept either cryopreserved or by means of sequential transfers. Additionally, photos and videos generated during diving and by remotely operated vehicles are used for benthic cover and fish surveys (
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="bav088-F1">Figure 1</xref>
). Integrating this data involves providing a unified view of data that originates from different sources (
<xref rid="bav088-B22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>
), which is the case of BaMBa, where data involves -omics sequences, environmental measurements, and biodiversity monitoring. At the same time, the inclusion of physical parameters from the environment, such as temperature, salinity, circulation, waves, sediment properties, can be added in order to define the boundary conditions for surveyed organisms and processes.
<fig id="bav088-F1" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Figure 1.</label>
<caption>
<p>Research routine example of a multidisciplinary research group. Divers collect samples during scientific expeditions. These samples are analysed both for biotic and abiotic measurements. Divers and remote operating vehicles (ROVs) record observations (notes, photo or video).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="bav088f1p"></graphic>
</fig>
</p>
<p>The main concept behind the architectural design of BaMBa was to leverage existing data publishing and metadata standards for each of the content types managed in the system in order to facilitate data integration. As illustrated in
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="bav088-F2">Figure 2</xref>
, the architecture of BaMBa is composed of the following main components:
<list list-type="bullet">
<list-item>
<p>
<bold>Ecological data repository</bold>
. The Ecological Metadata Language (EML) was used in order to allow for the contextual description of tabular ecological datasets, including their taxonomic, temporal, and geographic coverage, and project and methodology description (
<xref rid="bav088-B23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>
). Additionally, EML allows for describing tabular datasets at the column level, by describing, for instance, the content and unit of measurement. Metacat was used to create data and metadata repositories, which support EML, as the publishing tool for tabular ecological datasets (
<xref rid="bav088-B24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>
). We chose Metacat application because: (i) it is an open source web application; (ii) the Web interface facilitates the input and retrieval of data; (iii) it stored datasets query and visualization of geographic cover thorough mapping functionality; (iv) datasets can be stored safely on multiple datasets using Metacat's replication feature; (v) easy customization capability; (vi) automation of retrieving and storing EML documents from other sites and (vii) built in logging system that allows curation and tracking for document insertions, deletions and reads. The new database works on a Linux web server located in National Laboratory for Scientific Computing (LNCC), connected to a PostgreSQL database. Data are stored in Metacat using an Extensible Markup Language (XML) format and EML standards. Any type of data can be uploaded to this repository by the users, using an easy web interface or Morpho application (
<xref rid="bav088-B25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>
). EML allows data publishers to describe datasets instead of having to map attributes to a fixed database schema (
<xref rid="bav088-B26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>
). The use of Metacat allows for further dissemination of the datasets to the DataONE (
<xref rid="bav088-B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>
) network and the
<italic>Ecological Data Portal</italic>
of the Brazilian Biodiversity Information System (SiBBr) (
<xref rid="bav088-B27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>
). BaMBa’s ecological data repository can be accessed at
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br/metacatui">https://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br/metacatui</ext-link>
.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item>
<p>
<bold>Species occurrences repository</bold>
. An installation of the GBIF Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT) (
<xref rid="bav088-B28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>
), hosted at SiBBr, is used to share species occurrence data. The datasets follow the Darwin Core standard for tabular data on species occurrences and the metadata follows the EML standard. These datasets are harvested by GBIF, SiBBr and BaMBa. BaMBa’s species occurrences repository can be accessed at
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gbif.org/publisher/6b6f5206-bbbc-4079-8685-ce5b664eaaf3">http://www.gbif.org/publisher/6b6f5206-bbbc-4079-8685-ce5b664eaaf3</ext-link>
</p>
</list-item>
<list-item>
<p>
<bold>An integrated database for marine biodiversity.</bold>
A conceptual data model, illustrated in
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="bav088-F3">Figure 3</xref>
, given by data entities that capture the breadth of research activities executed by BiotecMar. This database is currently implemented in PostgreSQL. The
<italic>Sample</italic>
entity contains attributes that are common to any sample, such as the locality (i.e. latitude and longitude), depth where and the date when it was collected.
<italic>MaterialSample</italic>
,
<italic>WaterSample</italic>
and
<italic>MediaSample</italic>
are specializations of the
<italic>Sample</italic>
entity and contain attributes that are specific to them, such as equipment used for recording a video in a
<italic>MediaSample</italic>
. The
<italic>Sequence</italic>
entity may be associated to a
<italic>MaterialSample</italic>
or a
<italic>WaterSample</italic>
and contains attributes defined in the MIxS standard, such as the sequencing method used. The sequences are analysed and produce tabular data on their taxonomic classification, which are attributes of the
<italic>TaxonomicAnalysis</italic>
entity, and on their functional classification, which are attributes of the
<italic>FunctionalAnalysis</italic>
entity. The
<italic>AbioticAnalysis</italic>
and
<italic>BioticAnalysis</italic>
entities are both associated to a
<italic>WaterSample</italic>
. They contain attributes such as salinity, hydrodynamic and meteorological parameters (e.g. current and wind speed and direction, rain) and organic and inorganic nutrient concentrations, for
<italic>AbioticAnalysis</italic>
, and bacterial and chlorophyll counts, for
<italic>BioticAnalysis</italic>
. Finally, the
<italic>BenthicCover</italic>
and
<italic>FishAssemblages</italic>
, which are associated to a
<italic>MediaSample</italic>
, contain attributes that describe population abundance for benthic and fish species respectively. This data model covers the current variety of data that is of interest to the research activities of in Marine Sciences, and will most likely need to evolve to meet new data content requirements. BaMBa’s integrated database for marine biodiversity can be accessed at
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br/bamba/explore/">https://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br/bamba/explore/</ext-link>
</p>
</list-item>
</list>
<fig id="bav088-F2" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Figure 2.</label>
<caption>
<p>BaMBa system architecture. Media (photos and videos) and spreadsheets are uploaded into Marine Biodiversity Metacat system, which is recognized via EML to the database. (
<xref rid="bav088-B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
) Users upload metadata and data (e.g. spreadsheets, FASTA files, compressed files and digital media files) using the BaMBa web interface or Morpho application; (
<xref rid="bav088-B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>
) the metadata (in EML format) and data uploaded by users is stored in BaMBa PostgreSQL relational database; (
<xref rid="bav088-B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
) users can restrict data access or; (
<xref rid="bav088-B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>
) make it public. Once data is public BaMBa database automatically mirror it on other servers (
<xref rid="bav088-B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>
). Users can use tools like Python, R and FOCUS (
<xref rid="bav088-B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>
,
<xref rid="bav088-B53" ref-type="bibr">53</xref>
,
<xref rid="bav088-B58" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>
) to analyse and visualize deposited data.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="bav088f2p"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="bav088-F3" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Figure 3.</label>
<caption>
<p>BaMBa schema.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="bav088f3p"></graphic>
</fig>
</p>
<p>The data management policy adopted by BaMBa provides many options for data publication based on licenses from Creative Commons. Users also have the option of keeping their datasets private for some time, making only the metadata available initially. Other users can always contact the owners of a dataset to eventually obtain it directly from them.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results and Discussion</title>
<sec>
<title>Data publication workflow</title>
<p>Publishing data in BaMBa requires having an account in our private cloud file hosting service based on OwnCloud software (
<xref rid="bav088-B29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>
) available at
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br/files">https://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br/files</ext-link>
. Registered users can upload their data, such as spreadsheet files and photos, to this service. The only requisite to deposit data in BaMBa is to be from the marine environment. This data can be divided basically in two sets: (i)
<italic>Legacy data</italic>
<italic>sets</italic>
produced by research expeditions prior to the adoption of the current data management practices do not follow any particular standard and, therefore, the formats used are very heterogeneous. (ii)
<italic>Standardized data</italic>
<italic>sets</italic>
, are formatted using well- established data standards, such as MIxS (
<xref rid="bav088-B30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>
), EML and Darwin Core, and produced using provided tabular data templates. Legacy datasets are published in Metacat, which requires an effort to document them using EML. Standardized datasets are composed of: species occurrences’ (using EML and Darwin Core, are published in IPT), biotic and abiotic analyses (using EML and spreadsheets filled using standard templates, are published in Metacat), functional and taxonomical analyses of metagenomes (using MIxS, are produced by MG-RAST). Both MIxS and EML are leveraged when mapping metagenomic analyses and ecological datasets to BaMBa's integrated database. Both standards overlap, for instance, in the description of research projects and methodologies. However they differ in attributes specific to their respective area. EML, for instance, allows for describing column-level attributes in ecological datasets. MIxS allows for describing attributes specific to genomics, such as the sequencing technology and methodology (i.e. whole genome shotgun sequencing, metatranscriptome for cDNA shotgun sequencing, or amplicon sequencing). A
<italic>harvesting</italic>
process is executed to retrieve the standardized datasets, which consist of file packages, from IPT and Metacat and to extract and import their content into the integrated database for marine biodiversity. This database can be explored through a web interface that allows for various queries to be executed that will return tabular views of the data. This database can be explored through a web interface that allows for various queries to be executed. In the Metacat instance of BaMBa there is a powerful search engine tool that allows users to search for a project, key words, species, and geographic location. Users can browse data and metadata in a web interface map, facilitating data sharing and visualization.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Data curation and quality control</title>
<p>Data quality is a challenging issue in biodiversity data management (
<xref rid="bav088-B31" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>
). BaMBa implements both manual and automated data quality checks. The BaMBA curation team, checks the geographic coordinates of datasets prior to deposition, to certify that they belong to marine environments. Automated data curation practices in BaMBa include basic data quality checks, for instance, on the taxonomic names against reference checklists such as WoRMS (
<xref rid="bav088-B32" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>
) and the Catalogue of Life (
<xref rid="bav088-B33" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>
) on the location species occurrences against known species ranges. If some inconsistency or discrepancy is present, users will be notified and they can modify the data prior to deposition. If users choose to proceed the deposition, inconsistent or discrepant data is going to be marked in BaMBa as such.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Data input and analysis</title>
<p>In principle any kind of file can be deposited in BaMBa. Four independent studies evaluated the usefulness of BaMBa. First, the fish surveys from the VTC dataset comprised mainly fish biodiversity data (
<xref rid="bav088-B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
). This study was the largest check-list of reef fish for VTC. Second, a detailed morphological and phylogenetic data survey of campanulariids (Campanulariidae, Hydrozoa) (
<xref rid="bav088-B34" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>
). Third, the first microbial diversity study at VTC, including seamounts and island (
<xref rid="bav088-B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>
). This was the first comprehensive analysis of VTC, including metagenomic, water quality and benthic datasets. Four, a study about the microbial and viral dynamics of a costal Downwelling-Upwelling Transition (
<xref rid="bav088-B35" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>
). Although BaMBa database does not provide analytical tools, R package and Morpho, Kepler, and Swift can be applied to the outputs of the database. Users can use BaMBa metadata input model as an assistant to experimental design, making sure that data will be collected completely in an integrative way. BaMBa is connected to SiBBr, DataONE and GBIF, allowing rapid retrieval of information from any location in the Globe.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>BaMBa and other international biodiversity databases</title>
<p>BaMBa is the only integrated database resource both supported by a government initiative and exclusive for marine data (
<xref ref-type="table" rid="bav088-T1">Table 1</xref>
). The Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) (
<xref rid="bav088-B36" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>
), is an exclusive marine biodiversity database supported by a Japanese government initiative. It has a similar scope in terms of species occurrence records as BaMBa, however this repository does not embrace -omics and ecological data, as well environmental context of the samples. BISMaL works as the system of the Japan Regional OBIS Node (J-RON). OBIS is restricted to marine species biogeographic data, whereas WoRMS is restricted to marine species occurrence (
<xref rid="bav088-B32" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>
). Although very broad and embracing different types of environments and samples, MG-RAST is a powerful database and tool for analysing metagenomic data. The scopes of MG-RAST and BaMBa are different. BaMBa does not perform metagenome analysis. Instead, it consumes such data from tabular datasets produced by MG-RAST or any annotation system. There are some very useful databases for molecular genetic studies of natural marine populations (e.g. PhytoREF, GeoSymbio,
<italic>Littorina</italic>
Sequence Database, EvolMarkers) (
<xref rid="bav088-B37" ref-type="bibr">37–40</xref>
). However, these databases are focused on specific organisms or do not provide enough metadata. Broader databases like DataONE and The Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity (KNB) have powerful search engines (e.g. keywords, location, data attributes, publication date and taxon) and geographic browser but are not exclusive for marine data.
<table-wrap id="bav088-T1" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Table 1.</label>
<caption>
<p>MarineBiodiversity database is a stable, long term, secure and exclusive to marine-related data that harbors a great diversity of information and data types
<sup>a</sup>
</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead align="left">
<tr>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Feature</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marine Biodiversity</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">GIBF</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">ESA Data Registry</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dryad</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">The Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tree BASE</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">WoRMS</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">OBIS</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">MG-RAST</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">PhytoREF</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">GeoSymbio</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<italic>Littorina</italic>
Sequence Database (LSD)</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">BISMaL</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody align="left">
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">URL</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://marinebiodiversity.lncc.br">http://marine biodiversity.lncc.br</ext-link>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gbif.org">http://www.gbif.org</ext-link>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://data.esa.org">http://data.esa.org</ext-link>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://datadryad.org">http://datadryad.org</ext-link>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://knb.ecoinformatics.org">http://knb.ecoinformatics.org</ext-link>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.treebase.org">http://www.treebase.org</ext-link>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.marinespecies.org">http://www.marinespecies.org</ext-link>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.iobis.org">http://www.iobis.org</ext-link>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://metagenomics.anl.gov">http://metagenomics.anl.gov</ext-link>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://phytoref.org">http://phytoref.org</ext-link>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://sites.google.com/site/geosymbio/">https://sites.google.com/site/geosymbio/</ext-link>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://mbio-serv2.mbioekol.lu.se/Littorina1/">http://mbio-serv2.mbioekol.lu.se/Littorina1/</ext-link>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/bismal/e/index.html">http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/bismal/e/index.html</ext-link>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Funder</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Funding agencies from each contributing country (33 countries)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ecological Society of America (ESA)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NSF/The National Evolutionary Synthesis Center</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NSF</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NSF</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Martin International Les Grands Explorateurs</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Agence Nationale de la Recherche</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NSF</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Swedish Research Councils VR and Formas</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reference paper</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">This paper</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(
<xref rid="bav088-B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>
)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(
<xref rid="bav088-B57" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>
)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(
<xref rid="bav088-B58" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>
)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(
<xref rid="bav088-B59" ref-type="bibr">59</xref>
)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(
<xref rid="bav088-B33" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>
)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(
<xref rid="bav088-B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(
<xref rid="bav088-B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>
)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(
<xref rid="bav088-B34" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>
)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(
<xref rid="bav088-B36" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>
)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(
<xref rid="bav088-B37" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>
)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">(
<xref rid="bav088-B36" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>
)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Published results elsewhere
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="bav088-TF1">
<sup>a</sup>
</xref>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exclusively marine</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">User registration for accessing data</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No data deposition</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Only upon request</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No data deposition</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Controlled user account creation</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No account creation</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No account creation</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No account creation</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Geographic Browsing</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Invertebrates</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No
<sup>b</sup>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Only Littorina saxatilis sequences</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vertebrates</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No
<sup>b</sup>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Microorganisms</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Water quality</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes
<sup>b</sup>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Molecules</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spreadsheet</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Video</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Photo</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Any kind of file</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Species occurrence (observations and checklists)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Compressed files</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Any kind of file</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Phylogenetic information files (e.g. nexus)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Species occurrence</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Species distribution</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">FASTA files</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">FASTA files</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">FASTA files</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">FASTA files</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Species occurrence</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Analytical tools</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Connectivity between databases</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="bav088-TF1">
<p>
<sup>a</sup>
If the database is marked as ‘Yes’, it means that the data published must be already published in a scientific or data paper.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Relevance of BaMBa to the Brazilian EEZ exploration</title>
<p>Exploitation of marine resources generally advances faster than research on their management and conservation. Most of the time policy-makers are faced with limited data to support their decisions. Expanding and maintaining global databases on fauna and physical characteristics, including incorporating historical data and information about fisheries to support exploration impact evaluation was recommended (
<xref rid="bav088-B41" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>
). Recently, more attention has been paid to deep-sea mining impacts. Improved collaboration through information-sharing is suggested to overcome fragmented governance beyond international waters and seabed (
<xref rid="bav088-B42" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>
). Taking the example of Brazil, marine habitats are threatened by e.g. fishing, mining, eutrophication and coral disease (
<xref rid="bav088-B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>
,
<xref rid="bav088-B43" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>
,
<xref rid="bav088-B44" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>
). Abrolhos Bank rhodolith beds alone account for approximately 5% of the world’s total carbonate banks (
<xref rid="bav088-B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>
). Although Brazilian rhodolith beds have been the target of mineral exploration as a source of micronutrients and carbonates for agriculture (
<xref rid="bav088-B45" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>
,
<xref rid="bav088-B46" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>
), the resilience, size and structure of the rhodolith beds have just recently been documented (
<xref rid="bav088-B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>
,
<xref rid="bav088-B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>
). Developing countries ought to be prepared for the challenges ahead, but the preparedness is less clear concerning for their marine resources (
<xref rid="bav088-B47" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>
). Recent initiatives such as the Information System on Brazilian Biodiversity (SiBBr –
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sibbr.gov.br/">http://www.sibbr.gov.br/</ext-link>
), to which BaMBa is linked, offer an opportunity for improving governance of marine resources.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Developing a strategy for BaMBa</title>
<p>Data integration is a challenging task in general (
<xref rid="bav088-B48" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>
). A strategy for BaMBa will comprise:
<list list-type="order">
<list-item>
<p>A broad testing and evaluation moment involving representative scientists and other stakeholders,</p>
</list-item>
<list-item>
<p>A further technical development: In the case of biodiversity and (meta)genomics, Robbins
<italic>et al</italic>
. (
<xref rid="bav088-B49" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>
) propose the evaluation of extensions required to promote interoperability between the two main standards in these fields, Darwin Core and MIxS, respectively. Some of these extensions are proposed in Tuama
<italic>et al.</italic>
(
<xref rid="bav088-B50" ref-type="bibr">50</xref>
). In the future,
<italic>late integration</italic>
techniques (
<xref rid="bav088-B51" ref-type="bibr">51</xref>
) might be used to facilitate this process. A tool called
<italic>Data Manager Library</italic>
(
<xref rid="bav088-B26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>
) might also be used for this purpose since it can use metadata describing the columnar attributes of a dataset to extract its contents and store it in a relational database. The system supports integrating data from multiple datasets. It depends on the quality of metadata, i.e. how well it describes the logical schema of the dataset. In the long term, semantic web techniques have potential to provide robust solutions to data integration in biodiversity and (meta)genomics (
<xref rid="bav088-B52" ref-type="bibr">52</xref>
) by providing ontologies that describe the concepts and inference rules in each of the domains involved. BaMBa will follow these developments in order to further facilitate and improve data integration. From the data analysis point of view, it is important to expose the information stored in the integrated database in a way that is easy to consume that would enable better integration with statistical tools such as R (
<xref rid="bav088-B53" ref-type="bibr">53</xref>
), and scientific workflows management system (
<xref rid="bav088-B54" ref-type="bibr">54</xref>
), such as SciCumulus (
<xref rid="bav088-B55" ref-type="bibr">55</xref>
) and Swift (
<xref rid="bav088-B56" ref-type="bibr">56</xref>
). Tracking provenance in these scientific workflows (
<xref rid="bav088-B57" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>
) would be important in enabling reproducibility and validation of data analysis routines.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item>
<p>Involvement into specific scientific uses of BaMBa in the synthesis of data into a modeled ‘data landscape’ and into the (pre)modeling of marine systems.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item>
<p>Organize a meeting with the Brazilian stakeholders in marine biodiversity.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Funding</title>
<p>Carlos Chagas
<funding-source>Filho Research Foundation of the Rio de Janeiro State (FAPERJ)</funding-source>
;
<funding-source>National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development</funding-source>
(CNPq);
<funding-source>Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel</funding-source>
(CAPES). Funding for open access charge: 140869/2012-3 and 4848-14-9.</p>
<p>
<italic>Conflict of interest</italic>
. None declared.</p>
</sec>
</body>
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