Phage Encoded H-NS: A Potential Achilles Heel in the Bacterial Defence System
Identifieur interne : 000233 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000232; suivant : 000234Phage Encoded H-NS: A Potential Achilles Heel in the Bacterial Defence System
Auteurs : Connor T. Skennerton [Australie] ; Florent E. Angly [Australie] ; Mya Breitbart [États-Unis] ; Lauren Bragg [Australie] ; Shaomei He [États-Unis] ; Katherine D. Mcmahon [États-Unis] ; Philip Hugenholtz [Australie] ; Gene W. Tyson [Australie]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
The relationship between phage and their microbial hosts is difficult to elucidate in complex natural ecosystems. Engineered systems performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), offer stable, lower complexity communities for studying phage-host interactions. Here, metagenomic data from an EBPR reactor dominated by
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020095
PubMed: 21625595
PubMed Central: 3097231
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The relationship between phage and their microbial hosts is difficult to elucidate in complex natural ecosystems. Engineered systems performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), offer stable, lower complexity communities for studying phage-host interactions. Here, metagenomic data from an EBPR reactor dominated by <italic>Candidatus</italic>
Accumulibacter phosphatis (CAP), led to the recovery of three complete and six partial phage genomes. Heat-stable nucleoid structuring (H-NS) protein, a global transcriptional repressor in bacteria, was identified in one of the complete phage genomes (EPV1), and was most similar to a homolog in CAP. We infer that EPV1 is a CAP-specific phage and has the potential to repress up to 6% of host genes based on the presence of putative H-NS binding sites in the CAP genome. These genes include CRISPR associated proteins and a Type III restriction-modification system, which are key host defense mechanisms against phage infection. Further, EPV1 was the only member of the phage community found in an EBPR microbial metagenome collected seven months prior. We propose that EPV1 laterally acquired H-NS from CAP providing it with a means to reduce bacterial defenses, a selective advantage over other phage in the EBPR system. Phage encoded H-NS could constitute a previously unrecognized weapon in the phage-host arms race.</p>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21625595</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3097231</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-11-04273</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0020095</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Ecology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Community Ecology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Community Structure</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Microbial Ecology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Evolutionary Biology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Genomic Evolution</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Genomics</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Genome Evolution</subject>
<subject>Genome Sequencing</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Microbial Evolution</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Phage Encoded H-NS: A Potential Achilles Heel in the Bacterial Defence System</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Phage H-NS Can Inhibit Host Defence Mechanisms</alt-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Skennerton</surname>
<given-names>Connor T.</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
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</contrib>
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<given-names>Florent E.</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
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</contrib>
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<given-names>Mya</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
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</contrib>
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<given-names>Lauren</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
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<given-names>Shaomei</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
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<given-names>Katherine D.</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup>
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<given-names>Philip</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
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<given-names>Gene W.</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
<addr-line>CSIRO Mathematics, Informatics and Statistics, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>
<addr-line>Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>
<addr-line>Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Badger</surname>
<given-names>Jonathan H.</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1">J. Craig Venter Institute, United States of America</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>g.tyson@uq.edu.au</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: MB KDM PH GWT. Performed the experiments: MB SH KDM. Analyzed the data: CTS FEA LB. Wrote the paper: CTS FEA PH GWT.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>6</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<elocation-id>e20095</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>2</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>11</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Skennerton et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>The relationship between phage and their microbial hosts is difficult to elucidate in complex natural ecosystems. Engineered systems performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), offer stable, lower complexity communities for studying phage-host interactions. Here, metagenomic data from an EBPR reactor dominated by <italic>Candidatus</italic>
Accumulibacter phosphatis (CAP), led to the recovery of three complete and six partial phage genomes. Heat-stable nucleoid structuring (H-NS) protein, a global transcriptional repressor in bacteria, was identified in one of the complete phage genomes (EPV1), and was most similar to a homolog in CAP. We infer that EPV1 is a CAP-specific phage and has the potential to repress up to 6% of host genes based on the presence of putative H-NS binding sites in the CAP genome. These genes include CRISPR associated proteins and a Type III restriction-modification system, which are key host defense mechanisms against phage infection. Further, EPV1 was the only member of the phage community found in an EBPR microbial metagenome collected seven months prior. We propose that EPV1 laterally acquired H-NS from CAP providing it with a means to reduce bacterial defenses, a selective advantage over other phage in the EBPR system. Phage encoded H-NS could constitute a previously unrecognized weapon in the phage-host arms race.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="7"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Californie</li>
<li>Floride</li>
<li>Wisconsin</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Tampa</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université de Floride du Sud</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Skennerton, Connor T" sort="Skennerton, Connor T" uniqKey="Skennerton C" first="Connor T." last="Skennerton">Connor T. Skennerton</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Angly, Florent E" sort="Angly, Florent E" uniqKey="Angly F" first="Florent E." last="Angly">Florent E. Angly</name>
<name sortKey="Angly, Florent E" sort="Angly, Florent E" uniqKey="Angly F" first="Florent E." last="Angly">Florent E. Angly</name>
<name sortKey="Bragg, Lauren" sort="Bragg, Lauren" uniqKey="Bragg L" first="Lauren" last="Bragg">Lauren Bragg</name>
<name sortKey="Bragg, Lauren" sort="Bragg, Lauren" uniqKey="Bragg L" first="Lauren" last="Bragg">Lauren Bragg</name>
<name sortKey="Bragg, Lauren" sort="Bragg, Lauren" uniqKey="Bragg L" first="Lauren" last="Bragg">Lauren Bragg</name>
<name sortKey="Hugenholtz, Philip" sort="Hugenholtz, Philip" uniqKey="Hugenholtz P" first="Philip" last="Hugenholtz">Philip Hugenholtz</name>
<name sortKey="Skennerton, Connor T" sort="Skennerton, Connor T" uniqKey="Skennerton C" first="Connor T." last="Skennerton">Connor T. Skennerton</name>
<name sortKey="Tyson, Gene W" sort="Tyson, Gene W" uniqKey="Tyson G" first="Gene W." last="Tyson">Gene W. Tyson</name>
<name sortKey="Tyson, Gene W" sort="Tyson, Gene W" uniqKey="Tyson G" first="Gene W." last="Tyson">Gene W. Tyson</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Floride"><name sortKey="Breitbart, Mya" sort="Breitbart, Mya" uniqKey="Breitbart M" first="Mya" last="Breitbart">Mya Breitbart</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="He, Shaomei" sort="He, Shaomei" uniqKey="He S" first="Shaomei" last="He">Shaomei He</name>
<name sortKey="He, Shaomei" sort="He, Shaomei" uniqKey="He S" first="Shaomei" last="He">Shaomei He</name>
<name sortKey="Mcmahon, Katherine D" sort="Mcmahon, Katherine D" uniqKey="Mcmahon K" first="Katherine D." last="Mcmahon">Katherine D. Mcmahon</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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