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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Hidden Markov Model and Support Vector Machine based decoding of finger movements using Electrocorticography</title>
<author><name sortKey="Wissel, Tobias" sort="Wissel, Tobias" uniqKey="Wissel T" first="Tobias" last="Wissel">Tobias Wissel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Chair for Healthcare Telematics and Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pfeiffer, Tim" sort="Pfeiffer, Tim" uniqKey="Pfeiffer T" first="Tim" last="Pfeiffer">Tim Pfeiffer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Chair for Healthcare Telematics and Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frysch, Robert" sort="Frysch, Robert" uniqKey="Frysch R" first="Robert" last="Frysch">Robert Frysch</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Chair for Healthcare Telematics and Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knight, Robert T" sort="Knight, Robert T" uniqKey="Knight R" first="Robert T." last="Knight">Robert T. Knight</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., M-779, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Psychology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3190, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chang, Edward F" sort="Chang, Edward F" uniqKey="Chang E" first="Edward F." last="Chang">Edward F. Chang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., M-779, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hinrichs, Hermann" sort="Hinrichs, Hermann" uniqKey="Hinrichs H" first="Hermann" last="Hinrichs">Hermann Hinrichs</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Clinic of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center of Behavioural Brain Sciences (CBBS), Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rieger, Jochem W" sort="Rieger, Jochem W" uniqKey="Rieger J" first="Jochem W." last="Rieger">Jochem W. Rieger</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Psychology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3190, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Applied Neurocognitive Psychology, Faculty VI, Carl-von-Ossietzky University, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rose, Georg" sort="Rose, Georg" uniqKey="Rose G" first="Georg" last="Rose">Georg Rose</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Chair for Healthcare Telematics and Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24045504</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3901317</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3901317</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3901317</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1088/1741-2560/10/5/056020</idno>
<date when="2013">2013</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000411</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000411</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Hidden Markov Model and Support Vector Machine based decoding of finger movements using Electrocorticography</title>
<author><name sortKey="Wissel, Tobias" sort="Wissel, Tobias" uniqKey="Wissel T" first="Tobias" last="Wissel">Tobias Wissel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Chair for Healthcare Telematics and Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pfeiffer, Tim" sort="Pfeiffer, Tim" uniqKey="Pfeiffer T" first="Tim" last="Pfeiffer">Tim Pfeiffer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Chair for Healthcare Telematics and Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frysch, Robert" sort="Frysch, Robert" uniqKey="Frysch R" first="Robert" last="Frysch">Robert Frysch</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Chair for Healthcare Telematics and Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knight, Robert T" sort="Knight, Robert T" uniqKey="Knight R" first="Robert T." last="Knight">Robert T. Knight</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., M-779, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Psychology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3190, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chang, Edward F" sort="Chang, Edward F" uniqKey="Chang E" first="Edward F." last="Chang">Edward F. Chang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., M-779, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hinrichs, Hermann" sort="Hinrichs, Hermann" uniqKey="Hinrichs H" first="Hermann" last="Hinrichs">Hermann Hinrichs</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Clinic of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Center of Behavioural Brain Sciences (CBBS), Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rieger, Jochem W" sort="Rieger, Jochem W" uniqKey="Rieger J" first="Jochem W." last="Rieger">Jochem W. Rieger</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Psychology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3190, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Applied Neurocognitive Psychology, Faculty VI, Carl-von-Ossietzky University, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rose, Georg" sort="Rose, Georg" uniqKey="Rose G" first="Georg" last="Rose">Georg Rose</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Chair for Healthcare Telematics and Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of neural engineering</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1741-2560</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1741-2552</idno>
<imprint><date when="2013">2013</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Objective</title>
<p id="P1">Support Vector Machines (SVM) have developed into a gold standard for accurate classification in Brain-Computer-Interfaces (BCI). The choice of the most appropriate classifier for a particular application depends on several characteristics in addition to decoding accuracy. Here we investigate the implementation of Hidden Markov Models (HMM)for online BCIs and discuss strategies to improve their performance.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Approach</title>
<p id="P2">We compare the SVM, serving as a reference, and HMMs for classifying discrete finger movements obtained from the Electrocorticograms of four subjects doing a finger tapping experiment. The classifier decisions are based on a subset of low-frequency time domain and high gamma oscillation features.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Main results</title>
<p id="P3">We show that decoding optimization between the two approaches is due to the way features are extracted and selected and less dependent on the classifier. An additional gain in HMM performance of up to 6% was obtained by introducing model constraints. Comparable accuracies of up to 90% were achieved with both SVM and HMM with the high gamma cortical response providing the most important decoding information for both techniques.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Significance</title>
<p id="P4">We discuss technical HMM characteristics and adaptations in the context of the presented data as well as for general BCI applications. Our findings suggest that HMMs and their characteristics are promising for efficient online brain-computer interfaces.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">101217933</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">32339</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Neural Eng</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Neural Eng</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of neural engineering</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1741-2560</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1741-2552</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24045504</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3901317</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1088/1741-2560/10/5/056020</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS528912</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Hidden Markov Model and Support Vector Machine based decoding of finger movements using Electrocorticography</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wissel</surname>
<given-names>Tobias</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pfeiffer</surname>
<given-names>Tim</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Frysch</surname>
<given-names>Robert</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Knight</surname>
<given-names>Robert T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chang</surname>
<given-names>Edward F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hinrichs</surname>
<given-names>Hermann</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rieger</surname>
<given-names>Jochem W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rose</surname>
<given-names>Georg</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
Chair for Healthcare Telematics and Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Postfach 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
Clinic of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., M-779, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Department of Psychology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3190, USA</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A6"><label>6</label>
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A7"><label>7</label>
Center of Behavioural Brain Sciences (CBBS), Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A8"><label>8</label>
Applied Neurocognitive Psychology, Faculty VI, Carl-von-Ossietzky University, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="FN1"><label>*</label>
Corresponding author, present address: Institute for Robotics and Cognitive Systems, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany, <email>wissel@rob.uni-luebeck.de</email>
, phone: +49(0) 451 500 5690</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>25</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>056020</fpage>
<lpage>056020</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1088/1741-2560/10/5/056020</pmc-comment>
<abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Objective</title>
<p id="P1">Support Vector Machines (SVM) have developed into a gold standard for accurate classification in Brain-Computer-Interfaces (BCI). The choice of the most appropriate classifier for a particular application depends on several characteristics in addition to decoding accuracy. Here we investigate the implementation of Hidden Markov Models (HMM)for online BCIs and discuss strategies to improve their performance.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Approach</title>
<p id="P2">We compare the SVM, serving as a reference, and HMMs for classifying discrete finger movements obtained from the Electrocorticograms of four subjects doing a finger tapping experiment. The classifier decisions are based on a subset of low-frequency time domain and high gamma oscillation features.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Main results</title>
<p id="P3">We show that decoding optimization between the two approaches is due to the way features are extracted and selected and less dependent on the classifier. An additional gain in HMM performance of up to 6% was obtained by introducing model constraints. Comparable accuracies of up to 90% were achieved with both SVM and HMM with the high gamma cortical response providing the most important decoding information for both techniques.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Significance</title>
<p id="P4">We discuss technical HMM characteristics and adaptations in the context of the presented data as well as for general BCI applications. Our findings suggest that HMMs and their characteristics are promising for efficient online brain-computer interfaces.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Hidden Markov Models</kwd>
<kwd>ECoG</kwd>
<kwd>finger movements</kwd>
<kwd>support vector machine</kwd>
<kwd>Bakis</kwd>
<kwd>event-related potentials</kwd>
<kwd>spectral perturbation</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke : NINDS</funding-source>
<award-id>R01 NS021135 || NS</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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