Hierarchical encoding of text: Technical problems and SGML solutions
Identifieur interne : 000429 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000428; suivant : 000430Hierarchical encoding of text: Technical problems and SGML solutions
Auteurs : T. Barnard ; Lou Burnard ; Jean-Pierre Gaspart ; A. Price ; M. Sperberg-Mcqueen ; Battista VarileSource :
- Computers and the Humanities [ 0010-4817 ] ; 1995-05-01.
Abstract
Abstract: One recurring theme in the TEI project has been the need to represent non-hierarchical information in a natural way — or at least in a way that is acceptable to those who must use it — using a technical tool that assumes a single hierarchical representation. This paper proposes solutions to a variety of such problems: the encoding of segments which do not reflect a document's primary hierarchy; relationships among non-adjacent segments of texts; ambiguous content; overlapping structures; parallel structures; cross-references; vague locations.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/BF01830617
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:8F1BC87389738BA24E56F3B297D771F762645DCBLe document en format XML
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DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Jean-Pierre</GivenName><FamilyName>Gaspart</FamilyName></AuthorName><Role>Associated Consultants and Software Engineers sa/nv</Role></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff3"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Lynne</GivenName><GivenName>A.</GivenName><FamilyName>Price</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>lprice@frame.com</Email></Contact></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff4"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>C.</GivenName><GivenName>M.</GivenName><FamilyName>Sperberg-McQueen</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>u35395@uicvm.uic.edu</Email></Contact></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff5"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Giovanni</GivenName><GivenName>Battista</GivenName><FamilyName>Varile</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff1"><OrgDivision>Department of Computer and Information Science</OrgDivision><OrgName>Queen's University</OrgName><OrgAddress><Postcode>K7L 3N6</Postcode><City>Kingston</City><State>Ontario</State><Country>Canada</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff2"><OrgName>Oxford University Computing Service</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>13 Banbury Road</Street><Postcode>OX2 6NN</Postcode><City>Oxford</City><Country>England</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff3"><OrgName>Frame Technology Corp.</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>333 West San Carlos Street</Street><Postcode>95110</Postcode><City>San Jose</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff4"><OrgDivision>Computer Center</OrgDivision><OrgName>University of Illinois at Chicago</OrgName><OrgAddress><Postcode>60680</Postcode><City>Chicago</City><State>Illinois</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff5"><OrgName>Commission of the European Communities</OrgName><OrgAddress><Country>UK</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para>One recurring theme in the TEI project has been the need to represent non-hierarchical information in a natural way — or at least in a way that is acceptable to those who must use it — using a technical tool that assumes a single hierarchical representation. This paper proposes solutions to a variety of such problems: the encoding of segments which do not reflect a document's primary hierarchy; relationships among non-adjacent segments of texts; ambiguous content; overlapping structures; parallel structures; cross-references; vague locations.</Para></Abstract><KeywordGroup Language="En"><Heading>Key words</Heading><Keyword>TEI</Keyword><Keyword>SGML</Keyword><Keyword>encoding problems</Keyword><Keyword>hierarchical encoding</Keyword></KeywordGroup><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>David T. Barnard is Professor of Computing and Information Science at Queen's University. His research interests are in structured text processing and the compilation of programming languages. His recent publications include “Tree-to-tree Correction for Document Trees”, Queen's Technical Report, and “Error Handling in a Parallel LR Substring Parser”,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Computer Languages</Emphasis>, 19,4 (1993) 247–59.</SimplePara></ArticleNote><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>Lou Burnard is Director of the Oxford Text Archive at Oxford University Computing Services, with interests in electronic text and database technology. He is European Editor of the Text Encoding Initiative's Guidelines.</SimplePara></ArticleNote><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>Jean-Pierre Gaspart is with Associated Consultants and Software Engineers.</SimplePara></ArticleNote><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>Lynne A. Price (Ph.D., computer sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison) is a senior software engineer at Frame Technology Corp. Her main area of research has been representing text structure for automatic processing. She has served on both the US and international SGML standards committee for several years and is the editor of<Emphasis Type="Italic">International Standard ISO/IEC 13673</Emphasis> on Conformance Testing for Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) Systems.</SimplePara></ArticleNote><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>C. M. Sperberg-McQueen is a Senior Research Programmer at the academic computer center of the University of Illinois at Chicago; his interests include medieval Germanic languages and literatures and the theory of electronic text markup. Since 1988 he has been editor in chief of the ACH/ACL/ALLC Text Encoding Initiative.</SimplePara></ArticleNote><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>Giovanni Battista Varile works for the Commission of the European Communities.</SimplePara></ArticleNote><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>This paper is derived from a working paper of the Metalanguage Committee entitled “Notes on SGML Solutions to Markup Problems” which was produced following a meeting of the committee in Luxembourg. The co-authors all participated in that meeting and provided input to this paper. Others serving on the committee at other times included David Durand (Boston University), Nancy Ide (Vassar College) and Frank Tompa (University of Waterloo).</SimplePara></ArticleNote></ArticleHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Article></Issue></Volume></Journal></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Hierarchical encoding of text: Technical problems and SGML solutions</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Hierarchical encoding of text: Technical problems and SGML solutions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David</namePart><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Barnard</namePart><affiliation>Department of Computer and Information Science, Queen's University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: barnard@queensu.ca</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lou</namePart><namePart type="family">Burnard</namePart><affiliation>Oxford University Computing Service, 13 Banbury Road, OX2 6NN, Oxford, England</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: lou@vax.ox.ac.uk</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean-Pierre</namePart><namePart type="family">Gaspart</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role><description>Associated Consultants and Software Engineers sa/nv</description></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Lynne</namePart><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Price</namePart><affiliation>Frame Technology Corp., 333 West San Carlos Street, 95110, San Jose, CA, USA</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: lprice@frame.com</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sperberg-McQueen</namePart><affiliation>Computer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60680, Chicago, Illinois, USA</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: u35395@uicvm.uic.edu</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Giovanni</namePart><namePart type="given">Battista</namePart><namePart type="family">Varile</namePart><affiliation>Commission of the European Communities, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="OriginalPaper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Kluwer Academic Publishers</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Dordrecht</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1995-05-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1995</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Abstract: One recurring theme in the TEI project has been the need to represent non-hierarchical information in a natural way — or at least in a way that is acceptable to those who must use it — using a technical tool that assumes a single hierarchical representation. This paper proposes solutions to a variety of such problems: the encoding of segments which do not reflect a document's primary hierarchy; relationships among non-adjacent segments of texts; ambiguous content; overlapping structures; parallel structures; cross-references; vague locations.</abstract><note>Part IV: Special Encoding Mechanisms</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Computers and the Humanities</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Comput Hum</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" displayLabel="Archive Journal"></genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1995-05-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1995</copyrightDate></originInfo><subject><genre>Linguistics</genre><topic>Computer Science, general</topic><topic>Linguistics (general)</topic><topic>Computational Linguistics</topic><topic>Languages and Literature</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0010-4817</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1572-8412</identifier><identifier type="JournalID">10579</identifier><identifier type="IssueArticleCount">3</identifier><identifier type="VolumeIssueCount">6</identifier><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><number>29</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>3</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>211</start><end>231</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">8F1BC87389738BA24E56F3B297D771F762645DCB</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/BF01830617</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">BF01830617</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">Art3</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>SPRINGER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><enrichments><json:item><type>refBibs</type><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8F1BC87389738BA24E56F3B297D771F762645DCB/enrichments/refBibs</uri></json:item></enrichments><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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