ICAME-Quo Vadis? Reflections on the use of computer corpora in linguistics
Identifieur interne : 000201 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000200; suivant : 000202ICAME-Quo Vadis? Reflections on the use of computer corpora in linguistics
Auteurs : Stig JohanssonSource :
- Computers and the Humanities [ 0010-4817 ] ; 1994-07-01.
Abstract
Abstract: The focus of the paper is on the use of computer corpora in language research. The historical background is touched on, with special reference to work within the International Computer Archive of Modern English (ICAME). Developments in the use of corpora are surveyed. Issues taken up include the representativeness and structure of corpora. Special attention is paid to pitfalls in the use of corpora. Corpus compilers must provide adequate documentation on the texts. Corpus users must know the corpus in order to evaluate whether it is appropriate for their research problem and in order to evaluate the results of their studies.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/BF01830271
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CELe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">ICAME-Quo Vadis? Reflections on the use of computer corpora in linguistics</title><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Stig" sort="Johansson, Stig" uniqKey="Johansson S" first="Stig" last="Johansson">Stig Johansson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of English, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1003 Blindern, N-0315, Oslo, Norway</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: Stig.Johansson@iba.uio.no</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CE</idno><date when="1995" year="1995">1995</date><idno type="doi">10.1007/BF01830271</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CE/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000201</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">ICAME-Quo Vadis? Reflections on the use of computer corpora in linguistics</title><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Stig" sort="Johansson, Stig" uniqKey="Johansson S" first="Stig" last="Johansson">Stig Johansson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of English, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1003 Blindern, N-0315, Oslo, Norway</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: Stig.Johansson@iba.uio.no</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Comput Hum</title><idno type="ISSN">0010-4817</idno><idno type="eISSN">1572-8412</idno><imprint><publisher>Kluwer Academic Publishers</publisher><pubPlace>Dordrecht</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1994-07-01">1994-07-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">28</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4-5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="243">243</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="252">252</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0010-4817</idno></series><idno type="istex">759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CE</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/BF01830271</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BF01830271</idno><idno type="ArticleID">Art4</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0010-4817</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: The focus of the paper is on the use of computer corpora in language research. The historical background is touched on, with special reference to work within the International Computer Archive of Modern English (ICAME). Developments in the use of corpora are surveyed. Issues taken up include the representativeness and structure of corpora. Special attention is paid to pitfalls in the use of corpora. Corpus compilers must provide adequate documentation on the texts. Corpus users must know the corpus in order to evaluate whether it is appropriate for their research problem and in order to evaluate the results of their studies.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>springer</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Stig Johansson</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of English, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1003 Blindern, N-0315, Oslo, Norway</json:string><json:string>E-mail: Stig.Johansson@iba.uio.no</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>BF01830271</json:string><json:string>Art4</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>OriginalPaper</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: The focus of the paper is on the use of computer corpora in language research. The historical background is touched on, with special reference to work within the International Computer Archive of Modern English (ICAME). Developments in the use of corpora are surveyed. Issues taken up include the representativeness and structure of corpora. Special attention is paid to pitfalls in the use of corpora. Corpus compilers must provide adequate documentation on the texts. Corpus users must know the corpus in order to evaluate whether it is appropriate for their research problem and in order to evaluate the results of their studies.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.224</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>548 x 735 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><keywordCount>0</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>642</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>6101</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>37663</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>10</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>102</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>ICAME-Quo Vadis? Reflections on the use of computer corpora in linguistics</title><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>28</volume><pages><last>252</last><first>243</first></pages><issn><json:string>0010-4817</json:string></issn><issue>4-5</issue><subject><json:item><value>Computer Science, general</value></json:item><json:item><value>Linguistics (general)</value></json:item><json:item><value>Computational Linguistics</value></json:item><json:item><value>Languages and Literature</value></json:item></subject><journalId><json:string>10579</json:string></journalId><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1572-8412</json:string></eissn><title>Computers and the Humanities</title><publicationDate>1994</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1995</copyrightDate></host><publicationDate>1994</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1995</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1007/BF01830271</json:string></doi><id>759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CE</id><score>0.22647014</score><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CE/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CE/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CE/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">ICAME-Quo Vadis? Reflections on the use of computer corpora in linguistics</title><respStmt xml:id="ISTEX-API" resp="Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID" name="ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)"></respStmt><respStmt><resp>Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID</resp><name resp="ISTEX-API">ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)</name></respStmt></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Kluwer Academic Publishers</publisher><pubPlace>Dordrecht</pubPlace><availability><p>SPRINGER</p></availability><date>1995</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">ICAME-Quo Vadis? Reflections on the use of computer corpora in linguistics</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Stig</forename><surname>Johansson</surname></persName><email>Stig.Johansson@iba.uio.no</email><affiliation>Department of English, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1003 Blindern, N-0315, Oslo, Norway</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Computers and the Humanities</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Comput Hum</title><idno type="JournalID">10579</idno><idno type="pISSN">0010-4817</idno><idno type="eISSN">1572-8412</idno><idno type="IssueArticleCount">13</idno><idno type="VolumeIssueCount">6</idno><imprint><publisher>Kluwer Academic Publishers</publisher><pubPlace>Dordrecht</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1994-07-01"></date><biblScope unit="volume">28</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4-5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="243">243</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="252">252</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CE</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/BF01830271</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BF01830271</idno><idno type="ArticleID">Art4</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1995</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract: The focus of the paper is on the use of computer corpora in language research. The historical background is touched on, with special reference to work within the International Computer Archive of Modern English (ICAME). Developments in the use of corpora are surveyed. Issues taken up include the representativeness and structure of corpora. Special attention is paid to pitfalls in the use of corpora. Corpus compilers must provide adequate documentation on the texts. Corpus users must know the corpus in order to evaluate whether it is appropriate for their research problem and in order to evaluate the results of their studies.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Linguistics</head><item><term>Computer Science, general</term></item><item><term>Linguistics (general)</term></item><item><term>Computational Linguistics</term></item><item><term>Languages and Literature</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1994-07-01">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-3-19">References added</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-07-25">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CE/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Springer, Publisher found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//Springer-Verlag//DTD A++ V2.4//EN" URI="http://devel.springer.de/A++/V2.4/DTD/A++V2.4.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><Publisher><PublisherInfo><PublisherName>Kluwer Academic Publishers</PublisherName><PublisherLocation>Dordrecht</PublisherLocation></PublisherInfo><Journal><JournalInfo JournalProductType="ArchiveJournal" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered"><JournalID>10579</JournalID><JournalPrintISSN>0010-4817</JournalPrintISSN><JournalElectronicISSN>1572-8412</JournalElectronicISSN><JournalTitle>Computers and the Humanities</JournalTitle><JournalAbbreviatedTitle>Comput Hum</JournalAbbreviatedTitle><JournalSubjectGroup><JournalSubject Type="Primary">Linguistics</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Computer Science, general</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Linguistics (general)</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Computational Linguistics</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Languages and Literature</JournalSubject></JournalSubjectGroup></JournalInfo><Volume><VolumeInfo VolumeType="Regular" TocLevels="0"><VolumeIDStart>28</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>28</VolumeIDEnd><VolumeIssueCount>6</VolumeIssueCount></VolumeInfo><Issue IssueType="Combined"><IssueInfo TocLevels="0"><IssueIDStart>4</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>5</IssueIDEnd><IssueArticleCount>13</IssueArticleCount><IssueHistory><CoverDate><DateString>1994–1995</DateString><Year>1994</Year><Month>7</Month></CoverDate></IssueHistory><IssueCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Kluwer Academic Publishers</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1995</CopyrightYear></IssueCopyright></IssueInfo><Article ID="Art4"><ArticleInfo Language="En" ArticleType="OriginalPaper" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered" TocLevels="0" ContainsESM="No"><ArticleID>BF01830271</ArticleID><ArticleDOI>10.1007/BF01830271</ArticleDOI><ArticleSequenceNumber>4</ArticleSequenceNumber><ArticleTitle Language="En">ICAME-Quo Vadis? Reflections on the use of computer corpora in linguistics</ArticleTitle><ArticleFirstPage>243</ArticleFirstPage><ArticleLastPage>252</ArticleLastPage><ArticleHistory><RegistrationDate><Year>2005</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>20</Day></RegistrationDate></ArticleHistory><ArticleCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Kluwer Academic Publishers</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1995</CopyrightYear></ArticleCopyright><ArticleGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ArticleGrants><ArticleContext><JournalID>10579</JournalID><VolumeIDStart>28</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>28</VolumeIDEnd><IssueIDStart>4</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>5</IssueIDEnd></ArticleContext></ArticleInfo><ArticleHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Stig</GivenName><FamilyName>Johansson</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>Stig.Johansson@iba.uio.no</Email></Contact></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff1"><OrgDivision>Department of English</OrgDivision><OrgName>University of Oslo</OrgName><OrgAddress><Postbox>P.O. Box 1003 Blindern</Postbox><Postcode>N-0315</Postcode><City>Oslo</City><Country>Norway</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para>The focus of the paper is on the use of computer corpora in language research. The historical background is touched on, with special reference to work within the International Computer Archive of Modern English (ICAME). Developments in the use of corpora are surveyed. Issues taken up include the representativeness and structure of corpora. Special attention is paid to pitfalls in the use of corpora. Corpus compilers must provide adequate documentation on the texts. Corpus users must know the corpus in order to evaluate whether it is appropriate for their research problem and in order to evaluate the results of their studies.</Para></Abstract><KeywordGroup Language="En"><Heading>Key words</Heading><Keyword>language corpora</Keyword><Keyword>corpus linguistics</Keyword><Keyword>representativeness of corpora</Keyword><Keyword>structure of corpora</Keyword><Keyword>uses of corpora</Keyword><Keyword>text encoding</Keyword></KeywordGroup><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara><Emphasis Type="Italic">Stig Johansson is professor of Modern English Language at the University of Oslo. He is co-ordinating secretary of the International Computer Archive of Modern English (ICAME) and editor of the</Emphasis> ICAME Journal<Emphasis Type="Italic">(with Anna-Brita Stenström). Research interests include modern English grammar, contrastive linguistics, computing in language research. Publications include:</Emphasis> Frequency Analysis of English Vocabulary and Grammar<Emphasis Type="Italic">(with Knut Hofland, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989);</Emphasis> English Computer Corpora: Selected Papers and Research Guide<Emphasis Type="Italic">(with Anna-Brita Stenström, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1991)</Emphasis>.</SimplePara></ArticleNote></ArticleHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Article></Issue></Volume></Journal></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>ICAME-Quo Vadis? Reflections on the use of computer corpora in linguistics</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>ICAME-Quo Vadis? Reflections on the use of computer corpora in linguistics</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stig</namePart><namePart type="family">Johansson</namePart><affiliation>Department of English, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1003 Blindern, N-0315, Oslo, Norway</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: Stig.Johansson@iba.uio.no</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="OriginalPaper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Kluwer Academic Publishers</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Dordrecht</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1994-07-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1995</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Abstract: The focus of the paper is on the use of computer corpora in language research. The historical background is touched on, with special reference to work within the International Computer Archive of Modern English (ICAME). Developments in the use of corpora are surveyed. Issues taken up include the representativeness and structure of corpora. Special attention is paid to pitfalls in the use of corpora. Corpus compilers must provide adequate documentation on the texts. Corpus users must know the corpus in order to evaluate whether it is appropriate for their research problem and in order to evaluate the results of their studies.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Computers and the Humanities</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Comput Hum</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" displayLabel="Archive Journal"></genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1994-07-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1995</copyrightDate></originInfo><subject><genre>Linguistics</genre><topic>Computer Science, general</topic><topic>Linguistics (general)</topic><topic>Computational Linguistics</topic><topic>Languages and Literature</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0010-4817</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1572-8412</identifier><identifier type="JournalID">10579</identifier><identifier type="IssueArticleCount">13</identifier><identifier type="VolumeIssueCount">6</identifier><part><date>1994</date><detail type="volume"><number>28</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>4-5</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>243</start><end>252</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CE</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/BF01830271</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">BF01830271</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">Art4</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>SPRINGER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><enrichments><istex:refBibTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CE/enrichments/refBib"><teiHeader></teiHeader><text><front></front><body></body><back><listBibl><biblStruct xml:id="b0"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">The spoken part of the Survey of English Usage corpus is available as the London-Lund Corpus (Svartvik, 1990) The written textsare only available for study at the</title><imprint></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b1"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">For information on the London-Lund Corpus, see Svartvik</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1990"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b2"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">For information on the LOB Corpus</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1978"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b3"><analytic><title></title></analytic><monogr><title level="m">For information on the grammatically tagged Brown and LOB corpora, see Francis and Ku~era (1979) and Johansson et al</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1986"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b4"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The ASCOT project is described in Akkerman</title></analytic><monogr><title level="m">see also the report by Willem Meijs on the Amsterdam projects in ICAMEJournal</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1985"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="63" to="66"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b5"><monogr><title></title><author><persName><forename type="first">See</forename><surname>Sinclair</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1987"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b6"><analytic><title></title></analytic><monogr><title level="j">See Leech and Garside</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1991"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b7"><monogr><title></title><author><persName><forename type="first">See</forename><surname>Shastri</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1988"></date></imprint></monogr><note>See. Knowles</note></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b8"><analytic><title></title></analytic><monogr><title level="j">See Kyt6</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1991"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b9"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">The Australian corpus project is presented in Collins and Peters</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1988"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b10"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The number of publications on computer processing of natural language is of course far larger than these figures suggest . A recent note (April, 1993) refers to a bibliographical database on "Computers -Linguistics -Communications," which "now holds more than 67,000 references, is indexed with a thesaurus of over 3,400 keywords</title></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Reference: Conrad E Saboufin</title><imprint></imprint></monogr><note>sabourco@ere. .umontreal.ca</note></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b11"><analytic><title></title></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">16</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="128" to="29"></biblScope><date type="published" when="1992"></date></imprint></monogr><note>See. the brief note on the British National Corpus in ICAME</note></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b12"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">The information was given by John Sinclair in his talk on "From Scarcity to Superfluity: The Linguist and the Data" at the Nordic Association for English Studies Fifth Conference</title><imprint><biblScope unit="page" from="7" to="8"></biblScope><pubPlace>Reykjavik</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b13"><analytic><title></title></analytic><monogr><title level="j">See the brief notes in ICAME Journal</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">16</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="110" to="1"></biblScope><date type="published" when="1990"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b14"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">See Oostdijk</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1988"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b15"><analytic><title></title></analytic><monogr><title level="j">See Crowdy</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1992"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b16"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">the comments on corpus size and text size in Greenbaum</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1991"></date><biblScope unit="page">87</biblScope></imprint></monogr><note>See. e.g.</note></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b17"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">discusses problems connected with the use of diachronic corpora, including "the philologist's dilemma" (the risk of neglecting the original text) and the "God's truth fallacy</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Matti</forename><surname>In A Similar Vein</surname></persName></author><author><persName><surname>Rissanen</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1989"></date></imprint></monogr><note>the. risk of disregarding limitations of the corpus</note></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b18"><analytic><title></title><author><persName><forename type="first">Jan</forename><surname>Aarts</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Willem</forename><surname>Meijs</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Corpus Linguistics: Recent Developments in the Use of Computer Corpora in English Language Research</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Amsterdam</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Rodopi</publisher><date type="published" when="1984"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b19"><analytic><title></title><author><persName><forename type="first">Jan</forename><surname>Aarts</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Pieter</forename><surname>De Haa</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Nelleke</forename><surname>Oostdijk</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">English Language Corpora: Design, Analysis and Exploitation</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Amsterdam</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Rodopi</publisher><date type="published" when="1993"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b20"><analytic><title></title><author><persName><forename type="first">Karin</forename><surname>Aijmer</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Bengt</forename><surname>Altenberg</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">English Corpus Linguistics: Studies in Honour of Jan Svartvik</title><meeting><address><addrLine>London & New York</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Longman</publisher><date type="published" when="1991"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b21"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">Designing a Computerized Lexicon for Linguistic Purposes</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Erik</forename><surname>Akkerman</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Pieter</forename><surname>Masereeuw</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Willem</forename><surname>Meijs</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1985"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b22"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Opening Address</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Sture</forename><surname>All6n</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Directions in Corpus Linguistics: Proceedings of Nobel Symposium</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Stockholm ; Berlin & New York</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Jan Svartvik Mouton de Gruyter</publisher><date type="published" when="1991"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="4" to="8"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b23"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">A Bibliography of Publications Relating to English Computer Corpora In English Computer Corpora: Selected Papers and Research Guide</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Bengt</forename><surname>Altenberg</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Stig Johansson and Anna-Brim Stenstr6m</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Berlin and New York</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Mouton de Gruyter</publisher><date type="published" when="1991"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="355" to="96"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b24"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">Variation Across Speech and Writing</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Douglas</forename><surname>Biber</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1988"></date><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b25"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Representativeness in Corpus Design</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Douglas</forename><surname>Biber</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Literary and Linguistic Computing</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1993"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="243" to="257"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b26"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The Importance of Corpus Linguistics to Understanding the Nature of Language</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Wallace</forename><surname>Chafe</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Directions in Corpus Linguistics: Proceedings of Nobel Symposium</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Stockholm ; Berlin & New York</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Jan Svartvik Mouton de Gmyter</publisher><date type="published" when="1991"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="4" to="8"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b27"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Trawling the Language: Monitor Corpora</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Jeremy</forename><surname>Clear</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">ZURILEX Proceedings</title><imprint><publisher>M. Snell-Homby. TObingen: Francke</publisher><date type="published" when="1987"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b28"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The Australian Corpus Project</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Peter</forename><surname>Collins</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Pam</forename><surname>Peters</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Corpus Linguistics Hard and Soft Merja Kyt6, Ossi lhalainen, and Matti Rissanen</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Amsterdam</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Rodopi</publisher><date type="published" when="1988"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="103" to="20"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b29"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The Longman/Lancaster English Language Corpus and the Longman Corpus of Learners' English</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Steve</forename><surname>Crowdy</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">ICAME Journal</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">16</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="126" to="28"></biblScope><date type="published" when="1992"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b30"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The Compilation of a Danish-English-French Corpus in Contract Law</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Dorrit</forename><surname>Faber</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Karen</forename><forename type="middle">M</forename><surname>Lanridsen</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">English Computer Corpora: Selected Papers and Research Guide</title><editor>Stig Johansson and Anna-Brim Stenstr6m</editor><meeting><address><addrLine>Berlin and New York</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Mouton de Gruyter</publisher><date type="published" when="1991"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="235" to="43"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b31"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Problems of Assembling and Computerizing Large Corpora</title><author><persName><forename type="first">W</forename><surname>Francis</surname></persName></author><author><persName><surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Computer Corpora in English Language Research Stig Johansson. Bergen: Norwegian Computing Centre for the Humanities</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1982"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="7" to="24"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b32"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Language Corpora B.C</title><author><persName><forename type="first">W</forename><surname>Francis</surname></persName></author><author><persName><surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Directions in Corpus Linguistics: Proceedings of Nobel Symposium</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Stockholm ; Berlin & New York</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Jan Svartvik Mouton de Gmyter</publisher><date type="published" when="1991-08"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="4" to="8"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b33"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">Manual of Information to Accompany a Standard Sample of Present-Day Edited American English,for Use with Digital Computers</title><author><persName><forename type="first">W</forename><surname>Francis</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Henry</forename><surname>Nelson</surname></persName></author><author><persName><surname>Ku~era</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1979"></date><publisher>Department of Linguistics, Brown University</publisher><pubPlace>Providence, R.I.</pubPlace></imprint></monogr><note>Revised. ed</note></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b34"><analytic><title></title><author><persName><forename type="first">Roger</forename><surname>Garside</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Geoffrey</forename><surname>Leech</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Geoffrey</forename><surname>Sampson</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">The ComputationaI Analysis of English: A Co¢pus-Based Approach</title><meeting><address><addrLine>London ; Longman, I987</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b35"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">Leuven Drama Corpus and Frequency List</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Dirk</forename><surname>Geens</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">L</forename><forename type="middle">K</forename><surname>Engels</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">W</forename><surname>Martin</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1975"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b36"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">The Intemational Corpus of Learner English In English Language Corpora: Design, Analysis and Exploitation</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Sylviane</forename><surname>Granger</surname></persName></author><editor>Jan Aarts, Pieter de Haan and Nelteke Oostdijk</editor><imprint><date type="published" when="1993"></date><publisher>Rodopi</publisher><biblScope unit="page" from="57" to="72"></biblScope><pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b37"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The Development of the International Corpus of English</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Sidney</forename><surname>Greenbaum</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">English Corpus Linguistics</title><editor>K. Aijmer and Bengt Altenberg</editor><meeting><address><addrLine>London & New York</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Longman</publisher><date type="published" when="1991"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="83" to="91"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b38"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">Linguistic Exploitation of Syntactic Databases: The Use of the Nijmegen Linguistic Database Program</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Hans</forename><surname>Halteren</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Theo</forename><surname>Van</surname></persName></author><author><persName><surname>Van Den Heuvel</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1990"></date><publisher>Rodopi</publisher><pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b39"><analytic><title></title></analytic><monogr><title level="j">ICAME Journal: Computers in English Linguistics. International Computer Archive of Modem English</title><imprint></imprint></monogr><note>Norwegian. Computing Centre for the Humanities</note></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b40"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">Computer Corpora in English Language Research</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Stig</forename><surname>Johansson</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1982"></date><publisher>Norwegian Computing Centre for the Humanities</publisher><pubPlace>Bergen</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b41"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Times Claange~ and So Do Corpora</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Stig</forename><surname>Johansson</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">English Corpus Linguistics</title><editor>K. Aijmer and Bengt Altenberg</editor><meeting><address><addrLine>London & New York</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Longman</publisher><date type="published" when="1991"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="305" to="314"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b42"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">Manual of Information to Accompany the Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen Corpus of British English, for Use with Digital Computers</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Stig</forename><surname>Johansson</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Geoffrey</forename><surname>Leech</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Helen</forename><surname>Goodluck</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1978"></date><publisher>Departmerit of English, University of Oslo</publisher><pubPlace>Oslo</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b43"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">The Tagged LOB Corpus: Users' Manual Bergen: Norwegian Computing Centre for the Humanities</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Stig</forename><surname>Johansson</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Eric</forename><surname>Atwell</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Roger</forename><surname>Garside</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Geoffrey</forename><surname>Leech</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1986"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b44"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">Topics in English Linguistics 3 English Computer Corpora: Selected Papers and Research Guide</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Stig</forename><surname>Johansson</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Anna-Brim</forename><surname>Stenstr~m</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1991"></date><publisher>Mouton de Gruyter</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin and New York</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b45"><analytic><title></title><author><persName><forename type="first">Gunnel</forename><surname>K~tllgren</surname></persName></author><author><persName><surname>Review</surname></persName></author><author><persName><surname>Garside</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">ICAME Journal</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="98" to="103"></biblScope><date type="published" when="1967"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b46"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Constraint Grammar as a Framework for Parsing Running Text</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Fred</forename><surname>Karlsson</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Papers Presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1990"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="168" to="73"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b47"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">The Machine-Readable Spoken English Corpus In English Language Corpora: Design, Analysis and Exploitation</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Gerry</forename><surname>Knowles</surname></persName></author><editor>Jan Aarts, Pieter de Haan and Nelleke Oostdijk</editor><imprint><date type="published" when="1993"></date><publisher>Rodopi</publisher><biblScope unit="page" from="107" to="22"></biblScope><pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b48"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">Computational Analysis of Present-DayAmericanEnglish</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Henry</forename><surname>Ku~era</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">W. Nelson</forename><surname>Francis</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1967"></date><publisher>HoughtonMifflin</publisher><pubPlace>Boston</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b49"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">Manual to the Diachronic Part of the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts: Coding Conventions and Lists of Soarce Texts</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Merja</forename><surname>Kyt6</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Comp</forename></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1991"></date><pubPlace>Helsinki</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b50"><analytic><title></title><author><persName><forename type="first">Merja</forename><surname>Kyto</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Ossi</forename><surname>Ihalainen</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Matti</forename><surname>Rissanen</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Corpus Linguistics Hard and Soft</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Amsterdam</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Rodopi</publisher><date type="published" when="1988"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b51"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The First International Colloquium on English Diachronic Corpora</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Merja</forename><surname>Kyto</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Matti</forename><surname>Rissanen</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Susan</forename><surname>Wright</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">ICAME Journal</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">17</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="132" to="37"></biblScope><date type="published" when="1993"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b52"><analytic><title></title><author><persName><forename type="first">Ian</forename><surname>Lancashire</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">The Humanities Computing Yearbook 1989-90</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Oxford</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher><date type="published" when="1991"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b53"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The Lancaster Parsed Corpus</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Geoffrey</forename><surname>Leech</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">ICAME Journal</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">16</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="124" to="26"></biblScope><date type="published" when="1992"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b54"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">Running a Grammar Factory: The Production of Syntactically Analysed Corpora or 'Treebanks .'" In English Computer Corpora: Selected Papers and Research Guide</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Geoffrey</forename><surname>Leech</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Roger</forename><surname>Garside</surname></persName></author><editor>Stig Johansson and Anna-Brita Stenstr~m</editor><imprint><date type="published" when="1991"></date><publisher>Mouton de Gmyter</publisher><biblScope unit="page" from="15" to="32"></biblScope><pubPlace>Berlin and New York</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b55"><analytic><title></title><author><persName><forename type="first">Elizabeth</forename><forename type="middle">K M</forename><surname>Murray</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Caught in the Web of Words: James A. H. Murray and the Oxford English Dictionary</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Oxford</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><date type="published" when="1979"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b56"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">A Corpus for Studying Linguistic Variation</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Nelleke</forename><surname>Oostdijk</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">ICAME Journal</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="3" to="14"></biblScope><date type="published" when="1988"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b57"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">The Survey of English Usage In Essays on the English Language, Medieval and Modern</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Randolph</forename><surname>Quirk</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1968"></date><publisher>Indiana University Press</publisher><biblScope unit="page" from="70" to="87"></biblScope><pubPlace>Bloomington & London</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b58"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Three Problems Connected with the Use of Diachronic Corpora</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Matti</forename><surname>Rissanen</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">ICAME Journal</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">13</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="16" to="19"></biblScope><date type="published" when="1989"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b59"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The SUSANNE Corpus</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Geoffrey</forename><surname>Sampson</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">ICAME Journal</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">17</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="125" to="27"></biblScope><date type="published" when="1993"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b60"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The Kothapur Corpus of Indian English and Work Done on its Basis so Far</title><author><persName><forename type="first">S</forename><forename type="middle">V</forename><surname>Shastri</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">ICAME Journal</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="15" to="26"></biblScope><date type="published" when="1988"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b61"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Om datums effekter 1~ spr'°akvetenskap</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Bengt</forename><surname>Sigurd</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Skrifter for Anvendt og Matematisk Lingvistikk 6</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Copenhagen</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Departmerit of Applied and Mathematical Linguistics, University of Copenhagen</publisher><date type="published" when="1980"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="357" to="65"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b62"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Reflections on Computer Corpora in English Language Research</title><author><persName><forename type="first">John</forename><surname>Sinclair</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Computer Corpora in English Language Research Stig Johansson</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Bergen</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Norwegian Computing Centre for the Humanities</publisher><date type="published" when="1982"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="1" to="6"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b63"><analytic><title></title><author><persName><forename type="first">John</forename><surname>Sinclair</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Looking Up: An Account of the COB UILD Project in Lexical Computing</title><meeting><address><addrLine>London</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Collins ELT</publisher><date type="published" when="1987"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b64"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">Corpus, Concordance, Collocation</title><author><persName><forename type="first">John</forename><surname>Sinclair</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1991"></date><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b65"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">The Automatic Analysis of Corpora (with comments by Fred Karlsson)</title><author><persName><forename type="first">John</forename><surname>Sinclair</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Directions in Corpus Linguistics: Proceedings of Nobel Symposium</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Stockholm ; Svartvik ; Berlin & New York</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Mouton de Gmyter</publisher><date type="published" when="1991-08"></date><biblScope unit="page" from="4" to="8"></biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b66"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Chicago and Oxford: The Association for Computers and the Humanities/The Association for Computational Linguistics</title><author><persName><forename type="first">C</forename><forename type="middle">M</forename><surname>Sperberg-Mcqueen</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Lou</forename><surname>Bumard</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and InterchangeThe Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing</title><imprint><date type="published" when="1994"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b67"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">The London-Lund Corpus of Spoken English: Description and Research. Lnnd Studies in English 82</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Jan</forename><surname>Svartvik</surname></persName></author><imprint><date type="published" when="1990"></date><publisher>Lund University Press</publisher><pubPlace>Lund</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b68"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 65</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Jan</forename><surname>Svartvik</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="m">Directions in Corpus Linguistics: Proceedings of Nobel Symposium</title><meeting><address><addrLine>Stockholm ; Berlin & New York</addrLine></address></meeting><imprint><publisher>Mouton de Gmyter</publisher><date type="published" when="1991-08"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b69"><monogr><title level="m" type="main">A Survey of English Machine-Readable Corpora In English Computer Corpora: Selected Papers and Research Guide</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Lita</forename><surname>Taylor</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Geoffrey</forename><surname>Leech</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Steven</forename><surname>Higelstone</surname></persName></author><editor>Stig Johansson and Anna-Brim StenstrSm</editor><imprint><date type="published" when="1991"></date><publisher>Mouton de Gruyter</publisher><biblScope unit="page" from="319" to="54"></biblScope><pubPlace>Berlin and New York</pubPlace></imprint></monogr></biblStruct><biblStruct xml:id="b70"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Negation in English Speech and Writing: A Study in Variation</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Gunnel</forename><surname>Tottie</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Quantative Analyses of Linguistic Structure</title><imprint><biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></listBibl></back></text></istex:refBibTEI><json:item><type>refBibs</type><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CE/enrichments/refBibs</uri></json:item></enrichments><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Ticri/explor/TeiVM2/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000201 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000201 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Ticri
|area= TeiVM2
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:759FAF27D83938F0CCC0D850CC227AB5ACF893CE
|texte= ICAME-Quo Vadis? Reflections on the use of computer corpora in linguistics
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |  |